Depicting Depictions

How is it possible for a picture to depict a picture? Proponents of perceptual theories of depiction, who argue that the content of a picture is determined, in part, by the visual state it elicits in suitable viewers, that is, by a state of seeing-in, have given a plausible answer to this question. They say that a picture depicts a picture, in part, because, under appropriate conditions of observation, a suitable viewer will be able to see a picture in the picture. In this article, I first argue that this answer is in conflict with the way in which some of the most influential perceptual theories of depiction – Robert Hopkins's version of the experienced resemblance theory and Dominic Lopes's version of the recognition theory – construe seeing-in. I then formulate a version of the recognition theory that avoids this conflict and show how it can explain the depiction of pictures

Representationalism, Double Vision, and Afterimages: A Response to Işık Sarıhan

In his paper “Double Vision, Phosphenes and Afterimages: Non-Endorsed Representations rather than Non-Representational Qualia,” Işık Sarıhan addresses the debate between strong representationalists and qualia theorists (Sarıhan 2020). He argues that qualia theorists like Ned Block and Amy Kind who cite double-vision, afterimages, etc., as evidence for the existence of qualia are mistaken about the actual nature of these states. According to Sarıhan, these authors confuse the fact that these states are non-endorsed representational states with the fact that they are at least partly non-representational. I argue that Sarıhan’s argument contains gaps that suggest that he misidentifi es the mistake that leads these qualia theorists to their conclusion. In my view, these qualia theorists do not confuse the fact that the states in question are non-endorsed states with the fact that they are non-representational, but rather mistake certain representational contents, or certain aspects of these contents, for qualia

Communication Principles in Pastoral Counseling

There are many elements involved in a pastoral counseling process. A handbook would include all or some topics such as a definition of pastoral counseling, its distinctive nature, its objectives, counseling techniques, and the role of God\u27s Word in the process. In this thesis we will touch some of the basic topics of pastoral counseling. However, the main purpose is to approach an important ingredient of pastoral counseling that usually is not included as a separate topic in counseling manuals, that is, communication, particularly interpersonal communication. This study intends to explore the pastoral counseling process as an interpersonal communication process having three basic assumptions as a guideline. The first assumption is that the principles of communication are necessarily present in pastoral counseling and determine its nature as a communicative process

Voluntary and Confidential Reporting Systems as a Means of Reducing the Accident Rate in Shadow 200 Flight Operations

Although effective, the United States Army\u27s Shadow 200 Unmanned Aerial Vehicle has suffered an unacceptably high accident rate. Errors committed by operators have significantly contributed to this accident rate. The voluntary and confidential Aviation Safety Reporting System and Aviation Safety Action Program have been successful in identifying and addressing errors committed by air carrier pilots. This study has explored the implementation of voluntary and confidential reporting systems in Shadow 200 flight operations. Mixed methods research combined quantitative survey data and qualitative interview data as a means of determining attitudes relevant to the implementation of such systems. Identified deficiencies included: (a) Checklist errors, (b) misunderstanding of the Operational Hazard Report, (c) reported errors resulting in negative responses, and (d) Shadow operator perceptions of existing error reporting systems. Recommendations have been made relevant to remedying these deficiencies, improving the safety culture in the Shadow community, and conducting further research on related topics

Distributed Physics Simulation with Stateless Server

Physics-based simulations of objects displayed in a scene are distributed amongst client systems supporting multiple users interacting with the scene. For each client system, ownership of one or more objects displayed in the scene is established. For the objects owned by a client system, and based on interactions within the scene, the client system performs physics-based simulations. Resultant changes in position and kinematics of the owned objects are communicated from the client system to other client systems via a stateless server

Temporarily Separating Overlapping Objects for Easier Selection

A system is described that facilitates selection of an object from among multiple overlapping objects displayed in a graphical user interface. The system may detect when a selection tool is moved near overlapping objects. In response to such a detection, the system may reposition the objects such that the objects are no longer overlapping. Once the system detects that an object is selected or that a selection tool is no longer near the objects, the system may return the objects to their original overlapping positions

A competitividade das exportações brasileiras de serrados de coníferas no período 1989-2014

Orientador: Prof. Dr. João Carlos Garzel Leodoro da SilvaMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná,Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Curso de Engenharia Florestal.Resumo: O nível de competitividade de países e empresas pode determinar a permanência ou exclusão de um produto no comércio internacional, e a mesma pode ser mensurada através de dados retroativos referentes as exportações realizadas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a evolução do comércio internacional de madeira serrada de coníferas, bem como mensurar a competitividade do Brasil, durante o período 1989-2014. Utilizou-se dados secundários de valores e volumes comercializados entre os países, referentes ao código 440710 do Sistema Harmonizado (SH). Os dados foram deflacionados e rearranjados de modo que fosse possível analisar a evolução do mercado de serrados de coníferas no mundo, bem como calcular o preço médio praticado anualmente. Foi analisada a dinâmica de crescimento exportações no mundo, dos principais exportadores e importadores mundiais do produto e do Brasil. Comparou-se o crescimento acumulado das variáveis valor exportado, quantidade exportada e preço praticado, entre os principais exportadores, o Brasil e o mundo. Calculou-se a competitividade do Brasil nas exportações de madeira serrada de coníferas para o período 1997-2014 através do Constant Market Share (CMS), considerando os principais importadores mundiais como mercados de destino. O Brasil apresentou maior dinâmica no valor exportado com relação aos principais exportadores do mundo, exceto a Rússia. O efeito crescimento de mercado foi positivo para o crescimento da participação de mercado entre 1997 e 2014, enquanto que o efeito destino foi negativo. O efeito competitividade foi positivo no primeiro e negativo no segundo subperíodo. Palavras chaves: Madeira serrada, competitividade, Constar Market Shar