Surfing in the phase space of spin-orbit coupling in binary asteroid systems

For a satellite with an irregular shape, which is the common shape among asteroids, the well-known spin-orbit resonance problem could be changed to a spin-orbit coupling problem since a decoupled model does not accurately capture the dynamics of the system. In this paper, having provided a definition for close binary asteroid systems, we explore the structure of the phase space in a classical Hamiltonian model for spin-orbit coupling in a binary system. To map out the geography of resonances analytically and the cartography of resonances numerically, we reformulate a fourth-order gravitational potential function, in Poincare variables, via Stokes coefficients. For a binary system with a near-circular orbit, isolating the Hamiltonian near each resonance yields the pendulum model. Analysis of the results shows the geographical information, including the location and width of resonances, is modified due to the prominent role of the semi-major axis in the spin-orbit coupling model but not structurally altered. However, this resulted in modified Chirikov criterion to predict onset of large-scale chaos. For a binary system with arbitrary closed orbit, we thoroughly surf in the phase space via cartography of resonances created by fast Lyapunov indicator (FLI) maps. The numerical study confirms the analytical results, provides insight into the spin-orbit coupling, and shows some bifurcations in the secondary resonances which can occur due to material transfer. Also, we take the (65803) Didymos binary asteroid as a case to show analytical and numerical results.Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA

Rotation of an oblate satellite: Chaos control

Aims. This paper investigates the chaotic rotation of an oblate satellite in the context of chaos control. Methods. A model of planar oscillations, described with the Beletskii equation, was investigated. The Hamiltonian formalism was utilized to employ a control method for suppressing chaos. Results. An additive control term, which is an order of magnitude smaller than the potential, is constructed. This allows not only for significantly diminished diffusion of the trajectory in the phase space, but turns the purely chaotic motion into strictly periodic motion.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures; accepted in A&

Effect of high-dose Spirulina supplementation on hospitalized adults with COVID-19: a randomized controlled trial

ObjectiveSpirulina (arthrospira platensis) is a cyanobacterium proven to have anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antioxidant effects. However, the effect of high-dose Spirulina supplementation on hospitalized adults with COVID-19 is currently unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose Spirulina platensis for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Study DesignWe conducted a randomized, controlled, open-label trial involving 189 patients with COVID-19 who were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to an experimental group that received 15.2g of Spirulina supplement plus standard treatment (44 non-intensive care unit (non-ICU) and 47 ICU), or to a control group that received standard treatment alone (46 non-ICU and 52 ICU). The study was conducted over six days. Immune mediators were monitored on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The primary outcome of this study was mortality or hospital discharge within seven days, while the overall discharge or mortality was considered the secondary outcome.ResultsWithin seven days, there were no deaths in the Spirulina group, while 15 deaths (15.3%) occurred in the control group. Moreover, within seven days, there was a greater number of patients discharged in the Spirulina group (97.7%) in non-ICU compared to the control group (39.1%) (HR, 6.52; 95% CI, 3.50 to 12.17). Overall mortality was higher in the control group (8.7% non-ICU, 28.8% ICU) compared to the Spirulina group (non-ICU HR, 0.13; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.97; ICU, HR, 0.16; 95% CI, 0.05 to 0.48). In non-ICU, patients who received Spirulina showed a significant reduction in the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, and IP-10 as intervention time increased. Furthermore, in ICU, patients who received Spirulina showed a significant decrease in the levels of MIP-1α and IL-6. IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in the intervention group in both ICU and non-ICU subgroups as intervention time increased. No side effects related to Spirulina supplements were observed during the trial.ConclusionHigh-dose Spirulina supplements coupled with the standard treatment of COVID-19 may improve recovery and remarkably reduce mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Clinical Trial Registrationhttps://irct.ir/trial/54375, Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials number (IRCT20210216050373N1

The effects of separating legal matters from thematic matters in Islamic proceedings

In Islamic proceedings, more than any other measure, a distinction between judicial and thematic matters can help to facilitate a fair trial. Subjective matters are in the position of expressing an incident and incident, and in contrast, judicial matters consisting of law, legal rule, sources and valid Islamic fatwas and Judicial procedure in the general sense. According to the basic principle provided in the law, it is the duty of the litigants to present the matter and the judge has no right to intervene in this matter. Judicial matters are also within the exclusive duties of the judge and the maximum role of the litigants is to remind the judge and their actions are beyond their authority and power. Resolving the dispute by the judge and issuing a verdict by him, is basically subject to the separation of thematic matters from matters Judgment and order of matters is a matter of subject matter. Failure to separate judicial matters from thematic matters by judges, lawyers and experts on undesirable effects and problems such as delegating judgment to an expert, lack of proper oversight of the Supreme Court over the implementation of the law, issuing rulings outside the requested framework, and inappropriate interference of judges in matters. In this article, while comparatively analyzing thematic and legal matters in Imami jurisprudence and common law, the effects and benefits of separation between them will be stated, and criteria will be provided to distinguish legal matters from thematic ones in order to reduce the aforementioned possible effects using these finding

Antimicrobial effect of zataria multiflora extract in comparison with chlorhexidine mouthwash on experimentally contaminated orthodontic elastomeric ligatures.

Long-term use of orthodontic appliances and fixation ligatures creates a favorable environment for the accumulation of oral normal microflora and increases the risk of enamel demineralization and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to compare the antimicrobial effects of Zataria Multiflora extract and 0.2% chlorhexidine (CHX) mouthwash on experimentally contaminated orthodontic elastomeric ligatures.In this lab trial study, Iranian and foreign-made elastomeric ligatures were experimentally contaminated in Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans suspensions. Ligatures were then decontaminated using 0.2% CHX as the control, 0.5 mg/ml Zataria multiflora extract mouthwashes as the test and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as the negative control for one hour. Antimicrobial properties of both solutions were evaluated by comparing the mean viable bacterial cell count on both rings after decontamination, using SPSS version 15 software.The mean viable bacterial cell count on Iranian ligatures was greater than that on foreign-made ligatures before disinfection (P=0.001), however this difference for C. albicans was not statistically significant (P=0.061). Chlorhexidine mouthwash completely eliminated all tested microorganisms attached to both elastomeric rings, but Zataria extract was only capable of completely eliminating C. albicans from both ligatures. Statistically significant differences were found in viable bacterial counts on both ligatures before and after disinfection with Zataria extract (P=0.0001).Zataria multiflora extract has antimicrobial properties and can be used for disinfection of elastomeric ligatures. In vivo studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of the incorporation of this herbal extract in mouthwashes for orthodontic patients

Investigating the Relationship between Parents\' Job Satisfaction with Mental Health of Male Children in the 6th Grade of the Elementary School in Taft

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between parents' job satisfaction and mental health of male children in the sixth grade of the elementary school in Taft. Methods: The study is a descriptive type of correlation. As a sample of 100 male students at the sixth grade of elementary school were selected by a multistage cluster random sampling method. The parents of the sample completed the job satisfaction questionnaire and their children completed the mental health questionnaire. Then, the job satisfaction scores of parents (father or mother) with mental health scores of their children were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient using SPSS software 20. Results: Data analysis showed that there is a correlation between the parents' job satisfaction and the mental health of their children. Better mental health scores are expected for children whose parents had higher job satisfaction. Conclusion: According to the results based on the relationship between parents' job satisfaction and mental health of male children, the planners and managers of the industry, services and agriculture sectors can be recommended to learn efficient management methods and styles based on improving human relationships in organizations in order to be more responsible and committed to their employees' job satisfaction since it is directly related to the mental healt

Teamwork endoscopic endonasal surgery in failed external dacryocystorhinostomy

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of a teamwork revision endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in eyes with previously failed external DCR. Methods: This retrospective study was performed on 50 failed external DCR subjects who underwent a teamwork revision endoscopic DCR by an ophthalmologist and an otolaryngologist. Paranasal sinus CT scanning was performed for each patient before the revision surgery. During surgery, any abnormal tissue noticed before silicone intubation was sent for pathological evaluation. Results: Endoscopic revision DCR was performed on 50 failed external DCR subjects with one-year follow-up. Of these, 31 were female (62%). The age range of the subjects was 18-88 years (mean: 59.98 years). Sinus CT showed at least one abnormality in 94% of cases. Revision endoscopy showed septal deviation (66%), scar formation (32%), ostium problems (28%), and sump syndrome (6%). Pathologic and clinical findings showed that chronic inflammation had a significant association with scar tissue and septal synechia (P = 0.001 and 0.008, respectively). At the final follow-up, anatomical and functional success was achieved in 45 out of 50 (90%) of subjects. Conclusion: Endoscopic revision DCR when performed as cooperation of otolaryngologists and ophthalmologists may help resolve the endonasal problems and increase the success rate