Coronary artery disease epidemic in Pakistan: more electrocardiographic evidence of ischaemia in women than in men

Indo-Pakistani populations have one of the highest risks of coronary artery disease (CAD) in the world. A population-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 3143 adults aged ⩾40 years from 12 randomly selected communities in Karachi, Pakistan. Apart from smoking, women had more CAD risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, obesity, dyslipidaemia) than men. Definite CAD (history and Q waves on ECG) was more prevalent in men than in women (6.1% vs 4.0%; p = 0.009). In contrast, ischaemic and major ECG changes were twice as prevalent in women as in men (29.4% vs 15.6%, and 21.0% vs 10.5%; p<0.001 for each, respectively). All measures of CAD were strongly predicted by the metabolic syndrome, but that failed to account for the greater prevalence of ECG abnormalities in women than in men. The findings indicate that one in five middle-aged adults in urban Pakistan may have underlying CAD. Women are at greater risk than men

In-medium properties of the light and heavy-light mesons in a light-front quark model

We investigate the in-medium properties of pseudoscalar and vector mesons with the light-light and heavy-light quarks in a light-front quark model, using the in-medium quark properties computed by the quark-meson coupling model. Both models are constructed on an equal footing with the constituent quark degree of freedom. Here, we particularly focus on the weak decay constants and distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the mesons in symmetric nuclear matter. We find that the weak decay constants decrease as nuclear density increases for $\pi$, $K$, $D$, and $B$ pseudoscalar as well as $\rho$, $K^{*}$, $D^{*}$, and $B^*$ vector mesons, where their properties in free space have good agreement with the available experimental and lattice QCD data. A larger reduction is found for the light-light quark pseudoscalar mesons, while a smaller reduction is found for the heavy-light quark vector mesons, in particular, with the bottom quark. We discuss the effect of the vector potential on the weak decay constants and present our predictions for the in-medium modifications of DAs. Also, a comparison with the free space lattice QCD data is made.Comment: 17 pages, 11 figure

Pelatihan Public Speaking Kader Pkk Kelurahan Tandang Kecamatan Tembalang Semarang

Many people do not understand the importance of public speaking technique. The most frequent phenomenon of public speaking is in PKK (Family Welfare Guidance) as one of the organization within our closest community. Therefore, there should be a training of public speaking skills for PKK cadres of RW VI, Tandang Village, Tembalang Subdistrict, Semarang. It is expected to explore the potency of PKK cadres to improve their confidence and bravery to speak up in public. After training, it is also expected that the PKK cadres can continuously implement all of the training materials. Thus, these cadres can sharpen their ability to do public speaking in front of?é?á forum which can produce other achievements that can improve the quality of PKK cadres. It can result on the increasing of their role and involvement in every governmental or non governmental activity or program

Paleogene dinoflagellate cysts and thermal maturity from Pabdeh Formation ( Zagros basin, west of Iran)

Palynological investigation on 132 samples from the 428m thick outcrop section of Late Paleocene to Early  Oligocene of the Pabdeh Formation in southwestern Iran yielded 55 species of dinoflagellate cysts and allowed  establishment of seven biozones. Quantity of marine palynomorph elements indicate an open marine  environment at that time interval but, a slight increase in number of spore and pollen grains in some samples  indicate suitable conditions for forest development as a consequence of increase in climate humidity. The  species are common in various latitudes and most of them are cosmopolitan. Thermal maturity index  measurement indicates oil prone nature for majority of the samples.Keyword: Pabdeh Formation, Dinoflagellate cysts, Paleogene, Palynostratigraphy, Thermal maturit

Sosialisasi Undang-undang No 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan terhadap Problematika Nikah Dini di Kabupaten Lombok Utara

Fokus kegiatan ini adalah pada sosialisasi undang-undang (UU) nomor 1(satu) tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan, lebih spesifik lagi terkait pasal 7 (tujuh) ayat (1) tentang batas minimum usia perkawinan, yang sebelumnya (sebelum revisi) bahwa, batas usia perkawinan bagi perempuan dan laki-laki adalah 19 tahun. Dalam pelaksaan kegiatan dilakuakn dengan cara turun langsung ke lapangan,melakukan sosialisasi bertemu secara langsung dengan warga masyarakat desa Dangiang kecamatan kayangan kabupaten Lombok Barat, kegiatan ini dilakukan di aula gedung serba guna desa Dangiang. Pernikahan dini sendiri menjadi masalah yang serius yang terjadi pada masyarakat desa Dangiang sebab tidak sedikit anak-anak dibawah umur di desa dangiang melewati masa mudanya dengan mengendong anak (menikah dini) sehingga berpengaruh pada kesiapan mental dan fisik mereka, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan sebuah pendampingan kepada orang tua serta anak muda baik berupa pembinaan ataupun sosialisasi. Berdasarkan temuan lapangan bahwa tidak sedidkit masyarakat tidak memahami aturan Negara (UU) terkait dengan perkawinan, hal ini bias dipahami karena kurangnya sosialisasi dari instansi terkait, tingkat pendidikan yang masih rendah serta letak geografis yang sulit dan jauh dari pusat kota. Oleh karena itu kesimpulannya bahwa kedepannya perlu adanya pembinaan,pendampingnan terhadap masyarakat desa dangiang khusunya didalam memahami aturan perkawinan serta dampak daripada pernikahan dini

Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children

Background: Childhood obesity is an emerging global public health challenge. Evidence for the transition in nutrition in Indo-Asian developing countries is lacking. We conducted these analyses to determine the trends in nutritional status of school-aged children in urban Pakistan. Methods: Data on the nutritional status of children aged 5 to 14 years from two independent population-based representative surveys, the urban component of the National Health Survey of Pakistan (NHSP, 1990 - 1994) and the Karachi survey (2004 - 2005), were analysed. Using normative data from children in the United States as the reference, trends for age- and gender-standardised prevalence (95% CI) of underweight (more than 2 SD below the weight-for-age reference), stunted (more than 2 SD below the height-for-age reference) and overweight and obese (body mass index (BMI) 85(th) percentile or greater) children were compared for the two surveys. The association between physical activity and being overweight or obese was analysed in the Karachi survey using logistical regression analysis. Results: 2074 children were included in the urban NHSP and 1675 in the Karachi survey. The prevalence of underweight children was 29.7% versus 27.3% (p=0.12), stunting was 16.7% versus 14.3% (p=0.05), and prevalence of overweight and obese children was 3.0 versus 5.7 (p \u3c 0.001) in the NHSP and Karachi surveys, respectively. Physical activity was inversely correlated with being overweight or obese (odds ratio, 95% CI, 0.51, 0.32 - 0.80 for those who engaged in more than 30 minutes of physical activity versus those engaged in less than 30 minutes\u27 activity). Conclusions: Our study highlights the challenge faced by Pakistani school-aged children. There has been a rapid rise in the number of overweight and obsese children despite a persistently high burden of undernutrition. Focus on prevention of obesity in children must include strategies for promoting physical activity

Reservoir operation using a robust evolutionary optimization algorithm

In this research, a significant improvement in reservoir operation was achieved using a state-of-the-art evolutionary algorithm named Borg MOEA. A real-world multipurpose dam was used to test the algorithm's performance, and the target of the reservoir operation policy was to fulfil downstream water demands in drought condition while maintaining a sustainable quantity of water in the reservoir for the next year. The reservoir's performance was improved by increasing the maximum reservoir storage by 14.83 million m(3). Furthermore, sustainable water storage in the reservoir was achieved for the next year, for the simulated low flow condition considered, while the total annual imbalance between the monthly reservoir releases and water demands was reduced by 64.7%. The algorithm converged quickly and reliably, and consistently good results were obtained. The methodology and results will be useful to decision makers and water managers for setting the policy to manage the reservoir efficiently and sustainably

THE INFLUENCE OF PROBLEM-BASED LEARNING METHOD ON THE LEOPOLD MANEUVER CLINICAL SKILL IN DIPLOMA MIDWIFERY STUDENTS

Background: In dealing with the current condition of the Covid-19 pandemic, the education system finds the alternative and changes the regular learning to an online system. This online system depends on vital aspects such as well-structured, interactive, and substantive programs. Consequently, educators are challenged to be more frequently innovative and active in assessing and evaluating learning needs. Implementing a proper learning method helps to encourage students' willingness to learn since they are the core of the learning process. Therefore, this research considered Problem-based Learning as a suitable learning method to implement and improve clinical skills. By learning from a problem, students are indirectly instructed to learn how to collect and integrate new knowledge. Objectives: This study focuses on determining the implementation of Problem-Based Learning methods on the Leopold maneuver antenatal midwifery care subject in the diploma midwifery students. Methods: This study uses a quasi-experimental design with a one group pretest-posttest design. The samples in this study are 30 students from Megarezky University. Data are analyzed by univariate and bivariate with chi-square test. This study uses a questionnaire to measure students' interest and motivation in participating in learning in antenatal care courses, and to measure skills in performing the Leopold maneuver using a standardized checklist from the Antenatal Care Module of the Ministry of Health. This research is conducted within two months (December to January 2022). Results: The result reveals that the Problem-Based Learning Method (PBL) effectively increases the score of students' clinical skills with a p-value: 0.000 < 0.05. Conclusion: Problem-Based Learning Method (PBL) effectively improves the clinical skills of Leopold maneuver Antenatal care

Association study of two interleukin-1 gene loci with essential hypertension in a Pakistani Pathan population

An association study of IL-1 beta -511C/T and IL-1 RN 86 bp VNTR polymorphisms with essential hypertension was carried out in a sample population of 500 Pakistani Pathan subjects selected randomly, comprising groups of 235 subjects with hypertension and 265 controls. The distribution of both genotypes and alleles was not statistically different in cases and controls. In conclusion, IL-1 beta -511C/T and IL-1 RN 86 bp VNTR do not contribute to the aetiology of essential hypertension in the Pakistani Pathan population investigated here