Aspectos Socioeconômicos, Comorbidades e Intolerâncias Alimentares em Pacientes Submetidos à derivação gástrica em Y de Roux: Um Estudo Comparativo entre Gêneros: Pós-Bariátrico: estudo comparativo de gênero

Objective: to compare socioeconomic profile, presence of comorbidity and food intolerances in patients of both genders submitted to gastric derivation in Y de Roux of the Hospital das Clínicas do Estado do Acre. Method: 114 patients (21 men and 93 women) participated in the study, aged ± 41.6 years old, who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at the Hospital das Clínicas of the State of Acre with time of surgery from 12 to 48 months. The collection took place through outpatient consultation and the evaluation consisted of a semi-structured questionnaire and anthropometric evaluation. Result: there was a high level of education, low adherence to physical exercise, high alcohol consumption and reduced comorbidities after surgery without differences between genders. The greatest intolerances reported by patients were tapioca, açaí, fried foods and rice, being similar in both genders. Conclusion: gender is not a factor that predisposes to a greater or lesser reduction in comorbidities, weight loss and food intolerances in patients undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.Objetivo: comparar perfil socioeconómico, presencia de comorbilidades e intolerancias alimentarias en pacientes de ambos sexos sometidos a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux del Hospital das Clínicas del Estado de Acre. Método: participaron en el estudio 114 pacientes (21 hombres y 93 mujeres), con edad ± 41,6 años, a los que se les realizó bypass gástrico en Y de Roux en el Hospital das Clínicas del Estado de Acre con tiempo de cirugía de 12 a 48 meses. . La recolección se realizó mediante consulta externa y la evaluación consistió en un cuestionario semiestructurado y evaluación antropométrica. Resultado: hubo un alto nivel de educación, baja adherencia al ejercicio físico, alto consumo de alcohol y reducción de las comorbilidades posquirúrgicas sin diferencias entre sexos. Las mayores intolerancias reportadas por los pacientes fueron tapioca, açaí, frituras y arroz, siendo similares en ambos sexos. Conclusión: el sexo no es un factor que predisponga a una mayor o menor reducción de comorbilidades, pérdida de peso e intolerancias alimentarias en pacientes sometidos a bypass gástrico en Y de Roux.Objetivo: Compara o  perfil socioeconômico, presença de comorbidades e intolerâncias alimentares em pacientes de ambos os sexos submetidos a derivação gástrica em Y de Roux do Hospital das Clínicas do Estado do Acre. Método: participaram do estudo 114 pacientes (21 homens e 93 mulheres), com idade ± 41,6 anos, que realizaram derivação gástrica em Y de Roux no Hospital das Clínicas do Estado do Acre com tempo de cirurgia de 12 a 48 meses. A coleta ocorreu através de consulta ambulatorial e a avaliação foi constituída por questionário semiestruturado e avaliação antropométrica.  Resultado: foi verificado nível de escolaridade elevado, baixa adesão ao exercício físico, elevado consumo de álcool e redução das comorbidades após a cirurgia sem diferenças entre os sexos. As maiores intolerâncias relatadas pelos pacientes foram a tapioca, açaí, frituras e arroz, sendo similares em ambos os sexos. Conclusão: a diferença de sexo não é um fator que predisponha a maior ou menor redução das comorbidades, perda de peso e intolerâncias alimentares em pacientes submetidos a derivação gástrica em Y de Roux. Palavras Chave: Obesidade; Cirurgia bariátrica em Y de Roux; Gênero masculino e feminino e Intolerância alimentar

Effect of water aerobics on the functional autonomy of the elderly population

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of water aerobics exercise on the functional autonomy of the elderly. METHODS: Thirty-eight elderly subjects (aged 60-75 years) were randomly selected and divided into two groups: sedentary elderly subjects (GIS N = 19) and elderly subjects who practiced water aerobics three times a week, 50 minutes per session, for six months (GIH; N = 19). The subjects in GIS did not participate in any activity during this period. Physical aptitude was assessed using a battery of tests from the Latin American Development Group for the Elderly (LADGE), which measure activities of daily life: a 10-min walk (10mW), getting up from a seated position (GSP), getting up from the prone position (GPP), getting up from a chair and moving around (GCM), and putting on/taking off a shirt (PTS). All data are expressed in seconds. Differences between groups were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics (SPSS software, version 16.0 for Windows). RESULTS: The level of functional autonomy was higher in G1 than in G2 (p &lt; 0.05). CONCLUSION: We found that practice of water aerobics contributes to the improvement and maintenance of functional autonomy of the elderly. Increased autonomy positively affects self-esteem and ultimately enhances the quality of life of the elderly.</p

RESPOSTAS DE BIOMARCADORES MUSCULARES A UMA PARTIDA DE FUTEBOL

Exhausting physical exercise damages muscular tissue. Among other factors, damage depends on training load and intensity. The aim of this study was to determine changes in enzymatic biomarkers in response to a football match. The study sample was composed of 30 football players aged between 18–35 years and male, divided into experimental (GE; N = 15) and control (GC; N = 15) groups. Blood samples from GE and GC individuals were withdrawn before and 24 hours after the match. The following enzymes were examined: total creatine kinase (CKt), cardiac muscle creatine kinase (CKMB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). In GE individuals, there were significant changes (p<0.05) in CKt (334±203 and 860±553 U/L), CKMB (30±7 and 42±11 U/L), and LDH (417±86 and 547±84 U/L) between before and after the match, respectively; GGT remained unchanged. In GC individuals, levels were similar at the two time points. A football game is sufficiently aggressive to induce tissue damage, as evidenced by increased plasma levels of various enzymes. Enzyme clearance assessment might be a valuable tool for development of training programs

RESPOSTAS DE INDICADORES FISIOLÓGICOS A UM JOGO DE FUTEBOL

RESUMO Introdução: A performance no futebol depende de vários fatores, entre eles, conhecimento das alterações fisiológicas ocorridas durante o jogo. Objetivo: Identificar as alterações hematológicas, imunológicas, enzimáticas, hormonais e inflamatórias decorrentes do aumento de suas concentrações plasmáticas após um jogo de futebol. Métodos: A amostra foi constituída por 42 atletas do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 25,7 ± 4,6 anos, todos profissionais da modalidade futebol. Todos os atletas participaram de, no mínimo, 90 minutos de um jogo oficial. Foram realizadas análise sanguíneas 2 horas antes do jogo, após o jogo, e ainda, em 24, 48 e 72 horas. Foram analisadas as alterações nos biomarcadores hematológicos, imunológicos, enzimáticos (creatina quinase total - CKt, lactato desidrogenase - LDH, aspartato aminotransferase - AST), cortisol, testosterona e proteína C-reativa (PCR). Resultados: Foram verificadas alterações dos níveis de eritrócitos, Hb e Hct, no entanto, clinicamente irrelevantes e sem significado fisiológico. O número de leucócitos, neutrófilos, monócitos, eosinófilos e linfócitos apresentaram alterações significativas (p < 0,05). Foram verificados picos de elevação após os jogos para a LDH e PCR e depois de 24 horas para a CKt e AST (p < 0,05). As concentrações de cortisol aumentaram de forma significativa após os jogos enquanto os níveis de testosterona diminuíram; no período de 24 horas os padrões se reverteram (p < 0,05). Conclusão: O jogo de futebol não altera de forma aguda os parâmetros hematológicos. A função imunológica apresenta leucocitose acentuada com expressão simultânea de neutrofilia e linfopenia. O jogo de futebol é suficientemente agressivo para induzir danos musculares, gera um estado catabólico, e ainda, aumenta as reações inflamatórias

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data