Comparative effects of Piprazine of citrate® and papaya seeds on Ascaridia galli in layers Harco

The present study has been realised in the farm ‘protein for all’ (PPT) located in Tori Sogbe in the Atlantique-Littoral province, from May to June 2011. A number of 300 layers Harco have been used for the test. They haven’t been detected before the experience which was to test the anti-parasitical efficiency of citrate of pipérazine® and of papaya seeds on Ascaridia galli. The weights of the eggs have been taken into a count before and after the treatment of the layers. The 300 hens have been separated into 6 groups of 50 hens which have been differently treated: The group 0, group of witness receives no treatment. Treatment 1 (2.5g/L of citrate of pipérazine® solution) for the group 1; treatment 2 (2.5g/L of papaya seeds solution) for the group 2 ; treatment 3 (2g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 3 ; treatment 4 (3g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 4 ; treatment 5 (4g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 5. At state 1, it is to say before the treatment, the average quantity of the Eggs Per Gram (EPG) are statistically the same. In other words, the situation before the treatment is identical with the 6 groups. After the treatment, it is to say at state 2, we have noticed a difference highly significative between the treatments with an efficiency rate of -50% for the witness group ; 80% for the treatment 1 ; -14% for the treatment 2 ; 4% for the treatment 3 ; 16% for the treatment 4 and 65% for the treatment 5. In conclusion, we can retain that papaya seeds, no matter what is their dosage, have reduced significantly the number of EPG comparing to the witness group. But that reduction remains lower than the one of citrate of pipérazine® (2.5g/L of the solution). More over, the more the dosage of papaya seed increases, the more the reduction of Ascaridia galli parasitical eggs is important. Key words: citrate of pipérazine®, papaya seeds, Ascaridia galli, layers Harco

Comparative effects of Piprazine of citrate® and papaya seeds on Ascaridia galli in layers Harco

The present study has been realised in the farm ‘protein for all’ (PPT) located in Tori Sogbe in the Atlantique-Littoral province, from May to June 2011. A number of 300 layers Harco have been used for the test. They haven’t been detected before the experience which was to test the anti-parasitical efficiency of citrate of pipérazine® and of papaya seeds on Ascaridia galli. The weights of the eggs have been taken into a count before and after the treatment of the layers. The 300 hens have been separated into 6 groups of 50 hens which have been differently treated: The group 0, group of witness receives no treatment. Treatment 1 (2.5g/L of citrate of pipérazine® solution) for the group 1; treatment 2 (2.5g/L of papaya seeds solution) for the group 2 ; treatment 3 (2g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 3 ; treatment 4 (3g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 4 ; treatment 5 (4g/L of papaya seeds solution) for group 5. At state 1, it is to say before the treatment, the average quantity of the Eggs Per Gram (EPG) are statistically the same. In other words, the situation before the treatment is identical with the 6 groups. After the treatment, it is to say at state 2, we have noticed a difference highly significative between the treatments with an efficiency rate of -50% for the witness group ; 80% for the treatment 1 ; -14% for the treatment 2 ; 4% for the treatment 3 ; 16% for the treatment 4 and 65% for the treatment 5. In conclusion, we can retain that papaya seeds, no matter what is their dosage, have reduced significantly the number of EPG comparing to the witness group. But that reduction remains lower than the one of citrate of pipérazine® (2.5g/L of the solution). More over, the more the dosage of papaya seed increases, the more the reduction of Ascaridia galli parasitical eggs is important. Key words: citrate of pipérazine®, papaya seeds, Ascaridia galli, layers Harco

Pratiques d’élevage avicole au Sud-Bénin (Afrique de l’Ouest) et impacts sur l’hygiène des fumiers produits

La précarité des systèmes d’élevage avicole en Afrique de l’Ouest peut favoriser l’introduction de germes pathogènes dans les élevages. Or, les fumiers de volaille sont très utilisés dans le maraîchage au Bénin. Par conséquent, le transfert de germes des fumiers vers les produits maraîchers est à craindre. L’objectif de cette étude était d’explorer les pratiques d’élevage avicole dans le département de l’Atlantique (Sud-Bénin). Au total, 78 fermes avicoles ont été visitées. Un questionnaire a été administré aux producteurs. La plupart d’entre eux (82,1%) ont rapporté qu’ils se lavent toujours les mains avant d’entrer dans les poulaillers. Sur les fermes disposant de pédiluves, 15,4% des producteurs ont avoué ne pas toujours y passer avant d’accéder aux poulaillers. Un seul producteur a rapporté qu’il ne fait pas la décontamination terminale des bâtiments. L’analyse du fumier prélevé sur l’une des fermes a révélé la présence de quantités très élevées de germes aérobies mésophiles d’Escherichia coli, de Clostridium perfringens et de coliformes thermotolérants. Ces résultats microbiologiques montrent que les pratiques d’hygiène en aviculture sont encore peu satisfaisantes au Bénin.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Mots clés: Élevage avicole, bonnes pratiques, risques microbiologiques, hygièneEnglish Title: Poultry farming practices in South-Benin (West Africa) and impacts on the manures hygieneEnglish AbstractIn general, the poultry farming systems in West Africa are less sophisticated. These systems can be sources of carrying out of pathogens to the farms. But, in Benin Republic, poultry manures are widely used in market gardening. So, the transfer of pathogens from manures to vegetables is worrisome. This research aimed  at investigating the poultry farming practices in the Atlantic division (South-Benin). In total, 78 poultry farms were visited. A questionnaire was handed out to the producers. Most of them (82.1%) reported that they always wash their hands before entering poultry houses. On the farms where footbaths were present, 15.4% of producers declared that they do not always pass through it before entering poultry houses. Only one producer reported that he does not do the final decontamination of the houses. Analysis of the manure taken from one of the farms showed very high amounts of aerobic mesophile bacteria, of Escherichia coli, of Clostridium perfringens and thermotolerant coliforms. These microbiological results show that satisfying hygiene practices in poultry farming are still lacking in Benin.© 2015 International Formulae Group. All rights reserved.Keywords: Poultry farming, good practices, microbiological risks, hygien

Histological and biochemical evaluations of the liver and kidney of Wistar rats fed with fish meal of Sarotherodon melanotheron captured with Tephrosia vogelii’s powder

To evaluate the toxicity of fish captured with Tephrosia Vogelii (TV), an ichtyotoxic plant, the Wistar albino rats were fed with the flour of tilapias Sarotherodon melanotheron poisoned with TV leaves powder. This study aimed to evaluate the poisonous effects of TV on various organs of rats, especially the liver and kidney. Three groups of Wistar rats were constituted and fed for 28 days. Histological sections were done on the liver and kidneys. Plasmatic levels of alanine aminotransaminase (ALAT) and aspartate aminotransaminase (ASAT) were measured. The histological sections carried out on their organs presented no lesions. However, the biochemical parameters, ALAT and ASAT showed a slight change. This study shows that the ingestion of fish poisoned with T. vogelii does not provoke any digestive lesion in Wistar rats, but the slight changes in biochemical parameters makes it foreseeable to prohibit fishing with T. vogelii and to prevent their consumption by humans.Keywords: Tephrosia vogelii, ichtyotoxic, Wistar ra

Enquête Ethnobotanique Sur La Prise En Charge Traditionnelle De L’infertilité Féminine Dans La Région Sanitaire Des Savanes Au Togo

Introduction: The management of female infertility by the conventional medicine is very expensive and its coast is unavailable for the very poor populations. In Africa, an important recourses of medicinal plants are available for health care. Objective: The present study was led to recorder traditional remedies use to treat female infertility in the Sanitary Savannas Region of Togo. Methodology: For data collection, semi interview was used. Data were processed and analysed using ethnobotanical quantitative index. The Selection by Progressive Elimination (SPE) was essentially used for the choice of species. Results: With 51 practitioners interviewed, 79 recipes constituted by 87 species belonging to 48 botanical families were collected. Combretaceae (12,64 %) and Rubiaceae (5,7 %) were the most frequent families. Trees (36,78 %) and shrubs (27,58%) were the main ports. Roots (29,17 %) and leaves (27,5 %) were the most used parts. Recipes were prepared frequently by decoction (51,88 %) and powder (38,12%), and were principally taken orally (47,28 %) and by body bath (43,48 %). Sexually transmitted infections (STI) (143 citations) and Painful menstruations (PM) (108 citations) were the most frequent pathologies. The highest Informants consensus factors were 0,61 and 0,56 respectively for STI and PM. The most important Fidelity degrees was 25,49 % for STI related to Capsicum frutescens and Piper guineense. Related to Aframomum melegueta, Piper guineense and Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides the Fidelity degree was 19,61% for PM and STI. Blighia sapida, Ganoderma colossus, Kigelia africana and Mangifera indica were selected. Conclusion: Plants with highest fidelity degree and those selected by SPE will be subjected to laboratory tests

Comparative effects of Albac ®, Amaranthus spinosus and Boerhavia erecta in fattening pig Large White X Landrace

This study evaluates the effects of fattening Albac ®, the Amaranthus spinosus and Boerhavia erecta in 32 Large White x Landrace pigs. The animals were divided into eight lots of four subjects. All animals from the same batch are fed together and the food was served moistened. The animals were fed ad libitum. The Prolactin levels were then evaluated to analyze the involvement of this hormone in animal performances in experimental piglets. The lowest cost per kg increases was also investigated. The change in Prolactin (PRL) was the highest obtained with the subjects under the Albac® with a value of 339.5ng/L. Treatment with the Albac® had the best average daily gain (ADG) is 397.5 g/d. The consumption index lowest ie 3.5 was obtained with treatment with Boerhavia erecta at a dose of 667 g / t with ADG of 342g /day; this treatment induced the lowest cost ie 334 F CFA/kg of weight increases, compared to other lots. Keywords: Albac ®, Amaranthus spinosus, Boerhavia erecta, fattening, Large White x Landrace

Evaluation of the effects of the powder of Capsicum frutescens on glycemia in growing rabbits

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate zootechnic parameters and blood sugar in rabbits submitted to diets containing different levels of pepper (Capsicum frutescens). Materials and Methods: To this end, 30 rabbits weighing on average 1252±35 g at the beginning of the experiment were subjected to five rations with three repetitions for 56 days: The food R0 (or control) which is floury provender contains 0% of C. frutescens; R5, R10, R15, and R20 provender containing, respectively, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% of C. frutescens fruits’ powder. Rabbits consumed on average from 75.47 to 80.97 g dry matter. Results: Digestibility ranged from 52.39% to 61.01%. The average daily gain and feed consumption index were similar for all diets. Blood glucose was amended by the various servings is 0.98 g/L and 0.88 g/L, respectively, for doses. Conclusion: It appears from this study that rabbits consumed well diets containing C. frutescens. However, C. frutescens’ effect on the growth performances of rabbits is not noticeable. Furthers experiments will be useful to evaluate C. frutescens’ mechanism of action on blood sugar

Morphometric parameters and level of Salmonella and Escherichia coli contamination of Tilapia guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron in the waterway of Southern Benin

Aim: The present study aims to evaluate the morphometric parameters and level of Salmonella and Escherichia coli contamination of Tilapia guineensis and Sarotherodon melanotheron in the waterway of Southern Benin. Materials and Methods: 183 T. guineensis and 195 S. melanotheron were collected from June to July 2014 in four waterways: Lake Ahémé, Nokoué Lake, coastal lagoon, and lagoon of Porto-Novo. Weight, total length, and standard length of these fish were evaluated. E. coli and Salmonella sp. were sought in fresh fish. Results: The results obtained in this study indicate that S. melanotheron presented high-performance of length and weight more than T. guineensis in Ahémé Lake and lagoon of Porto-Novo. However, in Nokoué Lake and coastal lagoon, no difference was observed between the two species of fish. As for bacteriological analysis, the population of T. guineensis was more contaminated with E. coli with respective values of 60% and 59.52% in the Nokoué Lake and coastal lagoon than in the two other streams. Regarding the population of S. melanotheron, she was most contaminated in the coastal lagoon with a percentage of 66.66% in Ahémé Lake, Nokoué Lake, and the lagoon of Porto-Novo. However, no Salmonella germ was detected in fish analyzed in this study. Conclusion: It appears that the morphometric parameters and weight of T. guineensis are lower than those of S. melanotheron. The evaluation of the microbiological quality revealed that T. guineensis is more contaminated with E. coli that S. melanotheron

In Vitro effect of the ethanolic extract of Tephrosia Vogelii on Rhipicephalus Sanguineus in Abomey-Calavi

Objectives: Ticks are vectors of several diseases, of which many are zoonosis transmissible to humans. The use of Tephrosia leafs’ extract as a low cost acaricide is spreading among farmers in central Kenya. Materials and Methods: The present study’s aim is to inventory endogenous control methods against dogs’ ticks among which Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in the Municipality of Abomey-Calavi. From September to October 2013, a survey was made on forty randomly selected breeders and ticks samples were collected on forty dogs. The web platform, www.epicollect.net, was used for the survey. In total, 77.5% (n=40) of examined dogs were infested with ticks Results: Three species of ticks were identified: Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis leachi, and Amblyomma variegatum. They were found on 77.5%, 17.5%, and 15% of examined dogs, respectively. The numerical abundance of the three species was 87.06%, 11.9%, and 1.03%, respectively. The average number of ticks per animal was 16.83±5.04, 2.3±1.64, and 0.2±0.08 for Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Haemaphysalis leachi, and Amblyomma variegatum, respectively. Farmers used manual diptank (67.5%), plant ash (37.5%), petroleum (12.5%), motor oil (2.50 %), and sea water (7.5%) to fight against ticks. Conclusions: The phytochemical screening of the leafy stem’s powder of Tephrosia vogelii revealed the presence of catechol tannins, saponins, sugars, leuco-anthocyanins, polyterpenes, and sterols. A 100% larval mortality was observed at the concentration of 20% the ethanolic extract of the leafy stem of Tephrosia vogelii. The LC50 of this ethanolic extract against Rhipicephalus sanguineus larvae was equal to 2.6%