The Surrealist Woman: the Art of Remedios Varo

Surrealism—a literary and artistic movement that has often been criticized for being misogynistic—stemmed from the idea of representing the unconscious mind, unburdened by societal norms. Several female surrealist artists and writers did emerge during the movement, including Remedios Varo, a Catalan surrealist painter. Throughout the early stages of her career, Varo was barely recognized by her male surrealist counterparts. Varo’s gender and background influenced her interpretation of femininity. When comparing Varo’s paintings with those of another famous Catalan surrealist, Salvador Dalí, the difference in the representation of women is striking. Unlike Varo, Dalí conformed to the typical depiction of the surrealist women as an object of desire or horror. Dalí’s representation of women is heavily influenced by their roles in society and treatment at the time. On the other hand, Varo broke the mold of the standard surrealist woman and depicted independent women in search of individual identities. Unlike Dalí, Varo ignored the social boundaries that had been set forth and attempted to freely express her unconscious mind, creating empowering surreal images of women

The Relation Between Dating Violence Victimization and Commitment Among Turkish College Women: Does the Investment Model Matter?

The present study explored the sexual, physical, psychological, and overall dating violence experiences, and related these experiences to Investment Model variables among Turkish college women. Three hundred and ninety dating women from four universities in Ankara, Turkey completed the Satisfaction, Investment, Alternatives, and Commitment subscales from the Investment Model Scale and the Sexual Coercion, Physical Assault, and Psychological Aggression subscales from the Revised Conflict Tactics Scale. 79.5 percent reported at least one incident of violence in a dating relationship within the previous year. Regression analyses indicated that satisfaction fully mediated the relations between physical, psychological, and overall dating violence victimization and commitment, but not for sexual victimization. The results suggest that future research should explore the possibility that the dissatisfaction women experience may be related to an increased likelihood of relation termination

Knowledge Seeking and Knowledge Sharing in a nonprofit organizational partner network: a social network analysis

This research empirically examines the online social network of a national, non-profit organization called the national alliance to reduce violence (NARV), non-profit organizations across the US which address the issue of interpersonal violence. As a network of practice, knowledge shared by the non-profit organizations originates across a breadth of experts in the disciplines of advocacy, science, practice and policy. Two problems served as the motivation for this research. First, how does the online network structure support current knowledge contribution and knowledge retrieval within the network? Second, how could the online network structure enhance knowledge contribution and knowledge retrieval to meet the needs of the organization? We acquired network structure and knowledge sharing data through the collection of survey responses from NARV’s membership list. The data were analyzed as a two-mode affiliation network using UCINET, For the first research question, we found that the action groups of research and public awareness are positioned to be strong sources of knowledge contribution within the current network due to the number of nodes with whom they are connected. For the second research question, we identified training and mentoring as the action group from which other nodes desire knowledge

Physical Activity and Exercise for Hot Flashes: Trigger or Treatment?

Importance and Objective: Hot flashes (HFs) are a prevalent feature of menopause. Hot flashes can be bothersome and affect quality of life. However, HFs have also been associated with the risk for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, providing current evidence on the effect of therapies to reduce HFs can help patients and providers with decision making. This review provides details on the scientific evidence to date related to the effect of physical activity (PA) and exercise to alter the HF experience in women Methods: The PubMed database was searched between June 2020 and June 2022 for currently available evidence regarding the relation between PA and exercise and HFs. Our analysis included randomized control trials on exercise training, epidemiological studies, and studies evaluating acute exercise on the self-reported and objectively measured HF experience in addition to systematic reviews on the topic published as of June 2022. Discussion and Conclusions: The majority of evidence from randomized control trials indicates that aerobic and resistance exercise training lead to a decrease in subjectively experienced HFs. The limited available studies on acute exercise indicate that a bout of moderate-intensity exercise may decrease objectively measured and self-reported HFs but acute increases in PA intensity above accustomed levels may influence subjective HF experience. Some evidence suggests that for those with depression, habitual PA may be an effective way to reduce HF symptoms. Weighing the avail- able evidence, for people who experience HFs, engaging in regular moderate-intensity PA, including aerobic and resistance exercise, may be an effective therapy to reduce HFs and women should be counseled on the benefits of regular, moderate exercise. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain about the optimal exercise prescription, effectiveness for a diverse population, meaning of differences between objective and subjective experience, and mechanisms that lead to changes in HFs

Rapid Risk Assessment of Watersheds and Dams using GIS and Modeling

The mechanisms of riparian development due to the presence of the PL-566 reservoir imposed flow and the dam have been initially described in this study based on observations of stream, soil, and vegetation water movement. Interactions between stream, soil, and plant water were assessed to better understand the influence of altered hydrologic regimes on terrestrial ecological communities. Initially, investigation of the development and growth of riparian vegetation associated with PL-566 reservoirs was chosen to assess the impacts that changes in the storage of the reservoirs have on peripheral groundwater and vegetation water uptake. Other considerations were assessed including vegetation succession and enhancement of biological diversity influenced by the presence and structure of the reservoir. While this analysis was originally intended for upstream communities, accessibility issues required establishing an intensive field study site downstream of a PL-566, namely SCS structure No. 25 in the Cow Bayou drainage. The shift in site also required and changes in research focus. The downstream hydrologic environment is unique in that a constant flow regime is created by the presence of the reservoir. Vegetation, namely various tree species including Ulmus crassfolia, Carya illinoiensis, Fraxinus texensis, Populus deltoides, and to a lesser extent Juniperus ashei now flourish in this environment, potentially due to near perennial stream-derived groundwater resources. In addition, the flow regime has also fostered the development of a beaver dam that until recently was inhabited and active. The beaver impoundment is located approximately 400 meters downstream of the reservoir dam and further restriction of water flow has also potentially broadened the lateral movement of stream water into the surrounding soil. Questions regarding removal of PL-566 dams as well as dam refurbishment are based on assumptions about the normal function of unrestricted stream flow. Ecological arguments for dam removal are based on effects on fish migration, movement, and landscape connectivity. In addition, concerns about dam integrity are valid where the safety of downstream communities is considered (Doyle et al, 2000). In most cases, the cost of removing dams presumably is less than the cost of refurbishment and rejuvenation of the reservoir. Also, aquatic community connectivity within the landscape is reduced due to dams. However, the function of connectivity is mostly based on northern fish species with specific breeding requirements. Observations from this study indicate that PL-566 dams potentially have important functions in agriculturally dominated landscapes by changing stream flow regimes and promulgating ecological development. These are latent features of mature dams that create habitat both upstream and downstream of the dam, increasing landscape diversity and potential connectivity within terrestrial communities. Increases in riparian corridor development are potentially beneficial ecologically and hydrologically. Large trees near streams decrease bank erosion by enhancing soil stability due to large root structures and decreasing soil saturation by transpiration

Rates of DSM-IV-TR trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder among newly matriculated college students

The negotiation of the freedoms and responsibilities introduced as adolescents begin college may be particularly challenging for those with a trauma history and traumatic stress sequelae (posttraumatic stress disorder; PTSD). The present study examined the prevalence of and risk for trauma and PTSD in a large sample of college students. Matriculating students (N _ 3,014; 1,763 female, 1,251 male) at two U.S. universities completed online and paper assessments. Sixty-six percent reported exposure to a Criterion A trauma. Nine percent met criteria for PTSD. Female gender was a risk factor for trauma exposure. Gender and socioeconomic status (SES) were associated with trauma severity. Although in bivariate models, gender and SES were associated with PTSD, multivariate analyses suggested this risk was a function of trauma severity. Thus, students enter college with significant trauma histories and PTSD symptoms. Findings highlight the potential for outreach to incoming students with trauma and point to research directions to enhance understanding of the psychological needs of entering college students

Trajectories of Male Sexual Aggression from Adolescence through College: A Latent Class Growth Analysis

Approximately 25% of male college students report engaging in some form of sexual coercion by the end of their fourth year of college. White and Smith (2004) found that negative childhood experiences—childhood sexual abuse, childhood physical abuse, and witnessing domestic violence—predicted sexual aggression perpetrated before college, but not during the subsequent college years, a puzzling finding in view of the reasonably consistent rates of sexual aggression from adolescence to the first 2 years of college. The current study takes a person-centered approach to sexual aggression in an attempt to resolve this discrepancy. We examined the possibility of cohesive subgroups of men in terms of their frequency of sexual aggression across the pre-college and college years. A series of latent class growth models were fit to an existing longitudinal dataset of sexual experiences collected across four time points—pre-college through year 3 of college. A four-trajectory model fit the data well, exhibiting significantly better fit than a three-trajectory model. The four trajectories are interpreted as men who perpetrate sexual aggression at (1) low (71.5% of the sample), (2) moderate (21.2%), (3) decreasing (4.2%), and (4) increasing (3.1%) frequencies across time. Negative childhood experiences predicted membership of the decreasing trajectory, relative to the low trajectory, but did not predict membership of the increasing trajectory, explaining the discrepancy uncovered by White and Smith. Implications for primary prevention of sexual aggression are discussed

Victim Voice in Re-Envisioning Responses to Sexual and Physical Violence Nationally and Internationally

Internationally and in the United States many victims of sexual assault and domestic violence are unserved, underserved, or ill-served, especially those from the most vulnerable populations. Programs developed in the United States are routinely exported to developing countries but often without success. Notably, the failures seen internationally resemble those in the United States and are related to structural and attitudinal–cultural factors. Many victims do not disclose, and if they do seek services, they often report that available options mismatch their objectives, present accessibility challenges, disempower their pursuit of justice, and fail to augment needed resources. A deeper understanding of obstacles to effective service provision is needed if the United States is to continue to be an international partner in victim response and violence prevention. This article builds on what is known about service delivery challenges in U.S. programs to envision a path forward that concomitantly accommodates anticipation of shrinking resources, by (a) reviewing illustrative services and feedback from victims about utilizing them; (b) examining structural inequalities and the intersections of personal and contextual features that both increase vulnerability to victimization and decrease accessibility and acceptability of services; (c) advocating for reintroduction of direct victim voice into response planning to enhance reach and relevance; and (d) reorienting delivery systems, community partnerships, and Coordinated Community Response teams. The authors suggest as the way forward pairing direct victim voice with open-minded listening to expressed priorities, especially in vulnerable populations, and designing services accordingly. Through a process that prioritizes adaptation to diverse needs and cultures, U.S models can increase desirability, equity, and thrift at home as well as enhance international relevance