Pamidronate “zebra lines”:A treatment timeline

Osteogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary bone dysplasia characterized by bone fragility, deformity, and short stature. Treatment focuses on preventing bone fractures and symptom relief. Pamidronate, a second-generation bisphosphonate drug that minimizes bone loss, is the chosen treatment in osteogenesis imperfecta. Radiologically, each cycle of pamidronate treatment is depicted as a line of sclerosed nondecalcified cartilage at the metaphysis, termed a pamidronate line. In this case report, we demonstrate that a treatment timeline can be visualized on plain radiographs as the number and spacing of pamidronate lines reflects the number and timing of treatment cycles. The educational value of this is to reassure physicians of the benign nature of “zebra lines,” to demonstrate that the pamidronate lines migrate and fade with bone growth, and alert physicians that the lack of expected pamidronate lines during treatment may reflect a change in the patient's condition that reduces the effectiveness of bisphosphonate infusions

Datasets supporting this article from Queen reproductive tract secretions enhance sperm motility in ants

Full datasets from the experiments testing (i) measurement repeatability, (ii) the effect of queen reproductive tract secretions on sperm motility and (iii) the effects of additional queen body secretions on sperm motility

Extended methods and results from Queen reproductive tract secretions enhance sperm motility in ants

Additional information on the procedures employed to measure sperm motility parameters and extended statistical results

Behavioural and Mortality Data

Data on occurence of behavioural tasks, mortality rates and sporulation frequencies of Acromyrmex echinatior ants infected directly with Escovopsis (EwAnts) or Metarhizium (MbAnts) or indirectly through infection of the fungus garden (EwFungus and MbFungus respectively)

Holman et al Atta sperm competition Mol Ecol raw data

Multilocus microsat genotypes of all the eggs, workers, queens and males genotyped in the study (grouped by colony)

RepSeqsOTUs

Following 454 sequencing of the 16s rDNA region of bacterial communities of 59 samples of attine ants, 993 bacterial OTUs (operational taxonomic units) were identified. The file contains the representative sequences for the 993 OTUs. Each sequence is denoted by a number (1-993) and the original name of the read

Parent-Offspring Conflict and the Persistence of Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension in Modern Humans

<div><p>Preeclampsia is a major cause of perinatal mortality and disease affecting 5–10% of all pregnancies worldwide, but its etiology remains poorly understood despite considerable research effort. Parent-offspring conflict theory suggests that such hypertensive disorders of pregnancy may have evolved through the ability of fetal genes to increase maternal blood pressure as this enhances general nutrient supply. However, such mechanisms for inducing hypertension in pregnancy would need to incur sufficient offspring health benefits to compensate for the obvious risks for maternal and fetal health towards the end of pregnancy in order to explain why these disorders have not been removed by natural selection in our hunter-gatherer ancestors. We analyzed >750,000 live births in the Danish National Patient Registry and all registered medical diagnoses for up to 30 years after birth. We show that offspring exposed to pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) in trimester 1 had significantly reduced overall later-life disease risks, but increased risks when PIH exposure started or developed as preeclampsia in later trimesters. Similar patterns were found for first-year mortality. These results suggest that early PIH leading to improved postpartum survival and health represents a balanced compromise between the reproductive interests of parents and offspring, whereas later onset of PIH may reflect an unbalanced parent-offspring conflict at the detriment of maternal and offspring health.</p> </div

Ugelvig&al_MicrosatRawdata

Ugelvig&al_MicrosatRawdat

mothur commands

Commands used for analysis of 454 sequencing datasets NCBI Sequence Read Archive acc.no. SRA050635.2; 16S rDNA bacterial communities of attine ants. Analyses performed in mother following the Schloss SOP (mothur.org

Typical patterns of placental-fetal growth, maternal blood pressure and tissue interactions across the ∼40 weeks (i.e. trimesters 1,2 and 3) of human pregnancy.

<p>(<b>A</b>) Typical curves of placental growth (blue), fetal growth (pink) and normal maternal blood pressure (brown), approximated based on various sources <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056821#pone.0056821-Almog1" target="_blank">[43]</a>–<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056821#pone.0056821-Thompson1" target="_blank">[46]</a>. (<b>B</b>) Schematic diagram of trophoblast invasion (up to week 20–22) that upscale fetal provisioning via the placental blood vessels and tissues that are either 100% maternal (yellow/orange shades) or 50–50 maternal and paternal and thus genetically identical to the offspring (blue shades) and where paternally imprinted genes can be expressed. Maternal structures: MY: myometrium, DD: decidua or uterine lining during pregnancy, SA: spiral arteries, IVS: intervillous space (contains pool of maternal blood; red coloured). Fetal structures: CP: chorionic plate, VT: villous tree (growth of VT’s (from left to right) is completed by week 20–22). The genomic imprinting hypothesis for PIH assumes that paternally imprinted genes expressed in the blue tissues can induce enhanced maternal blood pressure via physiological and morphological adjustments <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056821#pone.0056821-Haig4" target="_blank">[15]</a>, unless maternally expressed genes in the yellow/orange tissues induce compensating phenotypic effects to match this fetal demand for increased resource provisioning <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0056821#pone.0056821-Wildman1" target="_blank">[47]</a>.</p