Molecular analysis and phenotype characterization of the progeny of two antisense potato plants

Two transgenic potato lines csr2-1 and csr4-8, containing two different antisense constructs, csr2 and csr4, respectively, were crossed to investigate the possibility of achieving double transformants with combined effects of the two antisense transgenes on plant phenotypes and cellulose deposition. Molecular analysis revealed an expected segregation ratio of 1:1:1:1 of the four classes. Phenotype characterization revealed that offspring containing either one or both transgenes produced more tubers than the control plants but individual tubers were mostly smaller and had lesser weight than the control tubers

Differential expression of cellulose synthase (CesA) gene transcripts in potato as revealed by QRT-PCR

Two transgenic potato lines, csr2–1 and csr4–8 that contained two different antisense cellulose synthase (CesA) genes, csr2 and csr4, respectively were crossed. The aim, amongst others, was to investigate the possibility of generating double transformants to validate a hypothetical presence of the proteins of the two CesA genes in the same cellulose synthase enzyme complex. SYBR-Green quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays were carried out on four CesA gene transcripts (CesA1, 2, 3, and 4) in the wild type genetic background, and on the two antisense CesA gene transcripts (CesA2 and 4) in the progeny resulting from the cross between the two transgenic potato lines. The quantitative RT-PCR analyses revealed different expression patterns of the two CesA genes. The CesA2 mRNA was shown to be relatively more abundant than CesA4 mRNA, regardless of the genetic background, suggesting that the two proteins are not present in the same enzyme complex

Updating the phase diagram of the archetypal frustrated magnet Gd3Ga5O12

The applied magnetic field and temperature phase diagram of the archetypal frustrated magnet, Gd3Ga5O12, has been reinvestigated using single crystal magnetometry and polarised neutron diffraction. The updated phase diagram is substantially more complicated than previously reported and can be understood in terms of competing interactions with loops of spins, trimers and decagons, in addition to competition and interplay between antiferromagnetic, incommensurate and ferromagnetic order. Several additional distinct phase boundaries are presented. The phase diagram centers around a multiphase convergence to a single point at 0.9 T and ~ 0.35 K, below which, in temperature, a very narrow magnetically disordered region exists. These data illustrate the richness and diversity that arises from frustrated exchange on the 3 dimensional hyperkagome lattice

An Achievement Test of Dynamic Control in Music

The use of the power level indicator with readings in decibels was standardized. Musically trained observers were tested on their respective instruments, untrained observers by voice. Their achievement test was compared with their motor capacity and sensory capacity tests. Conclusions were drawn in regard to the effect of pitch level, intensity level, instruments, and training

En fremgangsmåde ved bestemmelse af normalområde for haematologiske og klinisk kemiske parametre

No abstract availabl

Monte Carlo Study of Short-Range Order and Displacement Effects in Disordered CuAu

The correlation between local chemical environment and atomic displacements in disordered CuAu alloy has been studied using Monte Carlo simulations based on the effective medium theory (EMT) of metallic cohesion. These simulations correctly reproduce the chemically-specific nearest-neighbor distances in the random alloy across the entire Cu\$_x\$Au\$_{1-x}\$ concentration range. In the random equiatomic CuAu alloy, the chemically specific pair distances depend strongly on the local atomic environment (i.e. fraction of like/unlike nearest neighbors). In CuAu alloy with short-range order, the relationship between local environment and displacements remains qualitatively similar. However the increase in short-range order causes the average Cu-Au distance to decrease below the average Cu-Cu distance, as it does in the ordered CuAuI phase. Many of these trends can be understood qualitatively from the different neutral sphere radii and compressibilities of the Cu and Au atoms.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Chiral surfaces self-assembling in one-component systems with isotropic interactions

We show that chiral symmetry can be broken spontaneously in one-component systems with isotropic interactions, i.e. many-particle systems having maximal a priori symmetry. This is achieved by designing isotropic potentials that lead to self-assembly of chiral surfaces. We demonstrate the principle on a simple chiral lattice and on a more complex lattice with chiral super-cells. In addition we show that the complex lattice has interesting melting behavior with multiple morphologically distinct phases that we argue can be qualitatively predicted from the design of the interaction.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Chapter 25 Military Strategies for Samhandling in Unforeseen Situations

"The purpose of this chapter is twofold. Firstly, a rather paradoxical situation will be discussed. Even though most military practitioners seem to agree on the characteristics of war, two almost diametrically-opposed norms for how to samhandle have arisen: a centralized one and a decentralized one. We argue that the decentralized approach, called Auftragstaktik, is the most effective. In the second part of the chapter we discuss the pedagogical challenge of educating personnel to thrive in a decentralized organization, which must operate effectively in unforeseen and threatening environments. Based on the teachings of Moltke the Elder (1800– 1891) and the much more recent writings of Torgersen, Steiro and Saeverot (2015), we argue that a crucial step in educating for the unforeseen is to give the students the opportunity to solve new problems by themselves, gaining experience that is, as far as possible, self-generated and thereby becoming more aware and confident in dealing with new situations.

Meanders: Exact Asymptotics

We conjecture that meanders are governed by the gravitational version of a c=-4 two-dimensional conformal field theory, allowing for exact predictions for the meander configuration exponent \alpha=\sqrt{29}(\sqrt{29}+\sqrt{5})/12, and the semi-meander exponent {\bar\alpha}=1+\sqrt{11}(\sqrt{29}+\sqrt{5})/24. This result follows from an interpretation of meanders as pairs of fully packed loops on a random surface, described by two c=-2 free fields. The above values agree with recent numerical estimates. We generalize these results to a score of meandric numbers with various geometries and arbitrary loop fugacities.Comment: new version with note added in proo