The Coping Skills of Child Protection Workers Exposed to Primary and Secondary Trauma in the Workplace

The University Archives has determined that this item is of continuing value to OSU's history.Session 4. Presenter: Diane Carol Jacobs, Ph.D. Arizona State University (2003) - "The Coping Skills of Child Protection Workers Exposed to Primary and Secondary Trauma in the Workplace"The Ohio State University College of Social Wor

Reproductive biology of isolated fern gametophytes

Long distance dispersal of ferns is dependent on sexual reproduction via isolated spores. A single, haploid spore of an homosporous fern can produce a gametophyte which is potentially capable of producing both male and female gametes and a new sporophyte generation through intragametophytic selfing. Previous research suggests that reproductive potential of isolated spores is subject to the following limitations: (1) isolated spores may exhibit retarded germination, irregular development, and abnormal morphology, (2) isolated gametophytes of some species may tend to develop as females and remain unisexual, and (3) presence of genetic load (lethal and deleterious genes) may prevent the development of totally homozygous sporophytes produced by intragametophytic selfing. This investigation tested reproductive potential of 6,225 isolated spores from 164 plants of 14 fern species Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl, Cryptogramma stelleri (S. G. Gmel.) Prantl, Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh., Cystopteris tenuis (Michx.) Desv., Dryopteris cristata (L.) Gray, Dryopteris goldiana (Hook.) Gray, Dryopteris marginalis (L.) Gray, Dryopteris spinulosa (O. F. Muell.) Watt, Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Tod., Polypodium virginianum L., Thelypteris noveboracensis (L.) Nieuwl., Thelypteris palustris (L.) Schott, Thelypteris simulata (Davenp.) Nieuwl., and Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr. For 10 species analyzed in detail after 16 weeks of culture, germination-survival ranged from 26 to 94%; extent of morphological aberration ranged from 0 to 100%; neuter gametophytes ranged from 0 to 42%, males range from 0 to 21%, females ranged from 0 to 77%, bisexuals ranged from 17 to 95%; selfing success ranged from 2 to 100%; genetic load ranged from 0 to 98%; isolate potential, the ability of isolated spores or gametophytes to produce a sporophyte, ranged from 1 to 80% for mature gametophytes and from 1 to 66% for spores sown. Correlation analyses were performed using 16 variables of reproductive biology of the 10 species. Genetic load and bisexuality were not correlated; maleness was correlated with abnormal morphology; germination-survival was negatively correlated with percent neuter gametophytes. Low isolate potential for disjunct or peripheral populations supports phytogeographic hypotheses that these populations are post-Pleistocene relicts rather than the result of recent, long-distance dispersal. High isolate potential is related to active sexual reproduction within local opulations. Variation among species in isolate potential and other reproductive factors may significantly influence the dispersability of fern species

Does integration of HIV and sexual and reproductive health services improve technical efficiency in Kenya and Swaziland? An application of a two-stage semi parametric approach incorporating quality measures.

Theoretically, integration of vertically organized services is seen as an important approach to improving the efficiency of health service delivery. However, there is a dearth of evidence on the effect of integration on the technical efficiency of health service delivery. Furthermore, where technical efficiency has been assessed, there have been few attempts to incorporate quality measures within efficiency measurement models particularly in sub-Saharan African settings. This paper investigates the technical efficiency and the determinants of technical efficiency of integrated HIV and sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services using data collected from 40 health facilities in Kenya and Swaziland for 2008/2009 and 2010/2011. Incorporating a measure of quality, we estimate the technical efficiency of health facilities and explore the effect of integration and other environmental factors on technical efficiency using a two-stage semi-parametric double bootstrap approach. The empirical results reveal a high degree of inefficiency in the health facilities studied. The mean bias corrected technical efficiency scores taking quality into consideration varied between 22% and 65% depending on the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model specification. The number of additional HIV services in the maternal and child health unit, public ownership and facility type, have a positive and significant effect on technical efficiency. However, number of additional HIV and STI services provided in the same clinical room, proportion of clinical staff to overall staff, proportion of HIV services provided, and rural location had a negative and significant effect on technical efficiency. The low estimates of technical efficiency and mixed effects of the measures of integration on efficiency challenge the notion that integration of HIV and SRH services may substantially improve the technical efficiency of health facilities. The analysis of quality and efficiency as separate dimensions of performance suggest that efficiency may be achieved without sacrificing quality

The Iowa Homemaker vol.39A, no.1

Follow an Oriental Formula, Marty Keeney, page 4 Planning + Imagination = Shower Success, Mary Jacobs Jensen, page 5 Gridiron Greats, Gail Devens, page 6 About Discount Houses, Carol Shellenbarger, page 7 Hem Yourself a Harem, Marcena Christian, page 8 Facial Focus, Marilyn Bratten, page 10 Does Your Equipment Measure Up?, Helen Rank, page 11 What’s Going On?, page 12 Inside Story, page 1

Visualizing Diffusion Tensor Images of the Mouse Spinal Cord

Within biological systems water molecules undergo continuous stochastic Brownian motion. The rate of this diffusion can give clues to the structure of underlying tissues. In some tissues the rate is anisotropic - faster in some directions than others. Diffusion-rate images are second-order tensor fields and can be calculated from diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images. A 2D diffusion tensor image (DTI) and an associated anatomical scalar field, created during the tensor calculation, define seven dependent values at each spatial location. Understanding the interrelationships among these values is necessary to understand the data. We present two new methods for visually representing DTIs. The first method displays an array of ellipsoids where the shape of each ellipsoid represents one tensor value. The novel aspect of this representation is that the ellipsoids are all normalized to approximately the same size so that they can be displayed in context. The second method uses concepts from oil painting to represent the seven-valued data with multiple layers of varying brush strokes. Both methods successfully display most or all of the information in DTIs and provide exploratory methods for understanding them. The ellipsoid method has a simpler interpretation and explanation than the painting-motivated method; the painting-motivated method displays more of the information and is easier to read quantitatively. We demonstrate the methods on images of the mouse spinal cord. The visualizations show significant differences between spinal cords from mice suffering from Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis (EAE) and spinal cords from wild-type mice. The differences are consistent with pathology differences shown histologically and suggest that our new non-invasive imaging methodology and visualization of the results could have early diagnostic value for neurodegenerative diseases

Cognitive Test Performance among Nondemented Elderly African Americans and Whites

We examined the neuropsychological test performance of a randomly selected community sample of English-speaking non-Hispanic African American and white elders in northern Manhattan. All participants were diagnosed as nondemented by a neurologist, whose assessment was made independent of neuropsychological test scores. African American elders obtained significantly lower scores on measures of verbal and nonverbal learning and memory, abstract reasoning, language, and visuospatial skill than whites. After using a stratified random sampling technique to match groups on years of education, many of the discrepancies became nonsignificant; however, significant ethnic group differences on measures of figure memory, verbal abstraction, category fluency, and visuospatial skill remained. Discrepancies in test performance of education-matched African Americans and whites could not be accounted for by occupational attainment or history of medical conditions such as hypertension and diabetes. These findings emphasize the importance of using culturally appropriate norms when evaluating ethnically diverse elderly for dementia

Rosanna Raymond’s SaVAge K’lub at the eighth Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art

This visual essay is based on a conversation in June 2016 between artist Rosanna Raymond and academic Karen Jacobs on Raymond’s art work, The SaVAge K’lub, with which she contributed to the eighth Asia Pacific Triennial of Contemporary Art. While this artwork challenges a variety of stereotypical misrepresentations of Pacific people and their arts, it unexpectedly appeared to reinforce certain perceptions too

Immune sensing of Candida albicans requires cooperative recognition of mannans and glucans by lectin and Toll-like receptors

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Region-Specific Myelin Pathology in Mice Lacking the Golli Products of the Myelin Basic Protein Gene

The myelin basic protein (MBP) gene encodes two families of proteins, the classic MBP constituents of myelin and the golli-MBPs, the function of which is less well understood. In this study, targeted ablation of the golli-MBPs, but not the classic MBPs, resulted in a distinct phenotype unlike that of knock-outs (KOs) of the classic MBPs or other myelin proteins. Although the golli KO animals did not display an overt dysmyelinating phenotype, they did exhibit delayed and/or hypomyelination in selected areas of the brain, such as the visual cortex and the optic nerve, as determined by Northern and Western blots and immunohistochemical analysis with myelin protein markers. Hypomyelination in some areas, such as the visual cortex, persisted into adulthood. Ultrastructural analysis of the KOs confirmed both the delay and hypomyelination and revealed abnormalities in myelin structure and in some oligodendrocytes. Abnormal visual-evoked potentials indicated that the hypomyelination in the visual cortex had functional consequences in the golli KO brain. Evidence that the abnormal myelination in these animals was a consequence of intrinsic problems with the oligodendrocyte was indicated by an impaired ability of oligodendrocytes to form myelin sheets in culture and by the presence of abnormal Ca^(2+) transients in purified cortical oligodendrocytes studied in vitro. The Ca^(2+) results reported in this study complement previous results implicating golli proteins in modulating intracellular signaling in T-cells. Together, all these findings suggest a role for golli proteins in oligodendrocyte differentiation, migration, and/or myelin elaboration in the brain

Incidence of AD in African-Americans, Caribbean Hispanics, and Caucasians in Northern Manhattan

Objective: To compare the incidence rates for AD among elderly African-American, Caribbean Hispanic, and white individuals and to determine whether coincident cerebrovascular disease contributes to the inconsistency in reported differences among ethnic groups. Methods: This was a population-based, longitudinal study over a 7-year period in the Washington Heights and Inwood communities of New York City. Annual incidence rates for AD were calculated and compared by ethnic group, and cumulative incidence adjusted for differences in education, diabetes, cardiovascular risk factors, and stroke was calculated. Results: The age-specific incidence rate for probable and possible AD was 1.3% (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.7) per person-year between the ages of 65 and 74 years, 4.0% (95% CI, 3.2 to 4.8) per person-year between ages 75 and 84 years, and 7.9% (95% CI, 5.5 to 10.5) per person-year for ages 85 and older. Compared to white individuals, the cumulative incidence of AD to age 90 years was increased twofold among African-American and Caribbean Hispanic individuals. Adjustment for differences in number of years of education, illiteracy, or a history of stroke, hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes did not change the disproportionate risks among the three ethnic groups. Conclusion: The incidence rate for AD was significantly higher among African-American and Caribbean Hispanic elderly individuals compared white individuals. The presence of clinically apparent cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease did not contribute to the increased risk of disease. Because the proportion of African-American and Caribbean Hispanic individuals reaching ages 65 and older in the United States is increasing more rapidly than the proportion of white individuals, it is imperative that this disparity in health among the elderly be understood