351 research outputs found

    Revisiting the structure, age, and evolution of the Wharton Basin to better understand subduction under Indonesia

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    International audienceUnderstanding the subduction processes along the Sunda Trench requires detailed constraints on the subducting lithosphere. We build a detailed tectonic map of the Wharton Basin based on reinterpretation of satellite-derived gravity anomalies and marine magnetic anomalies. The Wharton Basin is characterized by a fossil ridge, dated ~36.5 Ma, offset by N-S fracture zones. Magnetic anomalies 18 to 34 (38–84 Ma) are identified on both flanks, although a large part of the basin has been subducted. We analyze the past plate kinematic evolution of the Wharton Basin by two-plate (India-Australia) and three-plate (India-Australia-Antarctica) reconstructions. Despite the diffuse plate boundaries within the Indo-Australian plate for the last 20 Ma, we obtain finite rotation parameters that we apply to reconstruct the subducted Wharton Basin and constrain the thickness, buoyancy, and rheology of the subducting plate. The lower subductability of younger lithosphere off Sumatra has important consequences on the morphology, with a shallower trench, forearc islands, and a significant inward deviation of the subduction system. This deviation decreases in the youngest area, where the Wharton fossil spreading center enters subduction: The discontinuous magmatic crust and serpentinized upper mantle, consequences of the slow spreading rates at which this area was formed, weaken the mechanical resistance to subduction and facilitate the restoration of the accretionary prism. Deeper effects include the possible creation of asthenospheric windows beneath the Andaman Sea, in relation to the long-offset fracture zones, and east of 105°E, as a result of subduction of the spreading center

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    Jean-Luc Nancy est reconnu aujourd’hui comme l’un des plus importants philosophes français contemporains. Ces dernières années, son œuvre a fait l’objet, en France et dans plusieurs pays étrangers, de rencontres suivies de publications. Il était temps qu’un colloque international consacré à son travail ait lieu à l’Université de Strasbourg, où il a enseigné pendant plus de trente ans. Ce colloque s’est tenu en novembre 2015 avec la participation de Jean-Luc Nancy qui l’a accompagné de sa prés..

    Zonal large-eddy simulation of a tip leakage flow

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    The flow induced by the clearance between the tip of an isolated airfoil and an end-plate is investigated numerically, using a zonal approach with large-eddy simulation in the region of interest. The results are analyzed in comparison with available experimental data, presented in a companion paper. The incoming boundary layer and the pressure distribution around the blade are evaluated. The description of the inflow-jet deviation, with an averaged approach, enables to represent the proper loading on the airfoil. Also, particular attention is paid to the powerful tipleakage vortex. The vortex characteristics are investigated using specific functions to locate its center and quantify its width. Overall, good results are obtained for the flow statistics and spectra. Furthermore, a very good description of the far-field pressure is achieved using the acoustic analogy, and the results confirm that the tip-flow essentially radiates in the central frequency range (0.7 kHz, 7 kHz)

    Wavelet Analysis of a Blade Tip-Leakage Flow

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    The secondary flow generated by the clearance between an isolated airfoil tip and an end-plate is analyzed by means of a zonal large-eddy simulation, in comparison with available experimental data. The flow around the tip clearance is described with full large-eddy simulation, while Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes is employed in the rest of the computational domain in order to limit the computational cost. The various analyses of the flow characteristics (mean velocities, Reynolds stresses, spectra) show a very good agreement between the experiment and the simulation. Furthermore, a detailed analysis is carried out from the numerical results. The flow separations on the blade tip are related with the leakage distribution along the chord, which generates an intense tip-leakage vortex on the suction side. Finally, a hump in the pressure spectra at tip is investigated by means of a wavelet conditional average, and related to the unsteadiness of the aft tip separatio

    Efficacité Économique des Systèmes de Production du Riz en Basfonds dans la Commune de Malanville, au Nord-Benin

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    Compte tenu de l’importance socioĂ©conomique et alimentaire du riz, les producteurs utilisent plusieurs systèmes de production pour mieux assurer la compĂ©titivitĂ© de leurs exploitations. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  analyser l’efficacitĂ© Ă©conomique des systèmes de production du riz en bas-fonds. Un Ă©chantillon de 283 producteurs a Ă©tĂ© constituĂ© de façon alĂ©atoire. L’approche stochastique des frontières de production et de coĂ»t a permis d’une part d’estimer et de dĂ©composer l’efficacitĂ© Ă©conomique en ces deux composantes (efficacitĂ© technique et efficacitĂ© allocative). Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© faites grâce au logiciel d’analyse STATA 14.1. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les efficacitĂ©s diffèrent d’un cycle de production Ă  l’autre d’une part et d’un système de production Ă  l’autre. Ainsi, le système de production GSP2 est plus efficace en production pluviale 0,39(±0,01) et en dĂ©crue 0,41(±0,07) alors que le système GSP1 est plus efficace en production de contre saison 0,68(±0,09) face aux autres systèmes. Le renforcement du dispositif d’accompagnement des producteurs pourrait permettre aux producteurs de mieux assurer la compĂ©titivitĂ© de leurs exploitations Ă  travers le choix d’un système de production plus efficace.   Given the socioeconomic and food importance of rice, farmers use several production systems to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms. This study aims to analyze the economic efficiency of lowland rice production systems. A sample of 283 lowland rice farmers was randomly selected. The stochastic approach to production and cost frontiers was used to estimate and decompose economic efficiency into its two components (technical efficiency and allocative efficiency). The analyses were carried out using the STATA 14.1 analysis software. The results show that the efficiencies differ from one production cycle to another and from one production system to another. Thus, the GSP2 production system is more efficient in rainfed production 0.39(±0.01) and in flooding 0.41(±0.07) while the GSP1 system is more efficient in off-season production 0.68(±0.09) compared to the other systems. Strengthening the support system for farmers could enable them to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms through the choice of a more efficient production system

    Efficacité Économique des Systèmes de Production du Riz en Basfonds dans la Commune de Malanville, au Nord-Benin

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    Compte tenu de l’importance socioĂ©conomique et alimentaire du riz, les producteurs utilisent plusieurs systèmes de production pour mieux assurer la compĂ©titivitĂ© de leurs exploitations. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă  analyser l’efficacitĂ© Ă©conomique des systèmes de production du riz en bas-fonds. Un Ă©chantillon de 283 producteurs a Ă©tĂ© constituĂ© de façon alĂ©atoire. L’approche stochastique des frontières de production et de coĂ»t a permis d’une part d’estimer et de dĂ©composer l’efficacitĂ© Ă©conomique en ces deux composantes (efficacitĂ© technique et efficacitĂ© allocative). Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© faites grâce au logiciel d’analyse STATA 14.1. Les rĂ©sultats montrent que les efficacitĂ©s diffèrent d’un cycle de production Ă  l’autre d’une part et d’un système de production Ă  l’autre. Ainsi, le système de production GSP2 est plus efficace en production pluviale 0,39(±0,01) et en dĂ©crue 0,41(±0,07) alors que le système GSP1 est plus efficace en production de contre saison 0,68(±0,09) face aux autres systèmes. Le renforcement du dispositif d’accompagnement des producteurs pourrait permettre aux producteurs de mieux assurer la compĂ©titivitĂ© de leurs exploitations Ă  travers le choix d’un système de production plus efficace.   Given the socioeconomic and food importance of rice, farmers use several production systems to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms. This study aims to analyze the economic efficiency of lowland rice production systems. A sample of 283 lowland rice farmers was randomly selected. The stochastic approach to production and cost frontiers was used to estimate and decompose economic efficiency into its two components (technical efficiency and allocative efficiency). The analyses were carried out using the STATA 14.1 analysis software. The results show that the efficiencies differ from one production cycle to another and from one production system to another. Thus, the GSP2 production system is more efficient in rainfed production 0.39(±0.01) and in flooding 0.41(±0.07) while the GSP1 system is more efficient in off-season production 0.68(±0.09) compared to the other systems. Strengthening the support system for farmers could enable them to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms through the choice of a more efficient production system

    Analyse de l’Efficacité Économique des Systèmes de Culture du Riz en Bas-fonds dans la Commune de Malanville, au Nord-Benin

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    Compte tenu de l’importance socioĂ©conomique et alimentaire du riz, les producteurs ont utilisĂ© plusieurs systèmes de culture pour mieux assurer la compĂ©titivitĂ© de leurs exploitations. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a consistĂ© en une analyse de l’efficacitĂ© Ă©conomique des systèmes de culture du riz en bas-fonds. Un Ă©chantillon de 283 producteurs a Ă©tĂ© constituĂ© de façon alĂ©atoire. L’approche stochastique des frontières de production et de coĂ»t a permis d’estimer et de dĂ©composer l’efficacitĂ© Ă©conomique en ces deux composantes (efficacitĂ© technique et efficacitĂ© allocative). Les analyses ont Ă©tĂ© faites Ă  l’aide du logiciel d’analyse STATA 14.1. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que les efficacitĂ©s diffèrent d’un cycle de production Ă  l’autre et d’un système de culture Ă  l’autre. Le système de culture impliquant plus les pratiques d’une transition agroĂ©cologique (SCR2) a Ă©tĂ© plus efficace en production pluviale 0,39 (±0,01) et en dĂ©crue 0,41 (±0,07) alors que le système impliquant moins les pratiques d’une transition agroĂ©cologique (SCR1) a Ă©tĂ© plus efficace en production de contre saison 0,68 (±0,09) face aux autres systèmes. Le renforcement du dispositif d’accompagnement des producteurs pouvait leur permet de mieux assurer la compĂ©titivitĂ© de leurs exploitations Ă  travers le choix d’un système de culture plus efficace.   Given the socioeconomic and nutritional importance of rice, farmers have used several cropping systems to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms. This study consisted of an analysis of the economic efficiency of lowland rice cultivation systems. A sample of 283 farmers was randomly selected. The stochastic approach of production and cost frontiers made it possible to estimate and break down economic efficiency into these two components (technical efficiency and allocative efficiency). Analyzes were performed using STATA 14.1 analysis software. The results showed that the efficiencies differ from one production cycle to another and from one cropping system to another. The cropping system involving more agroecological transition practices (SCR2) was more efficient in rainfed production 0.39 (±0.01) and in flood recession 0.41 (±0.07) while the system involving less agroecological transition practices (SCR1) was more effective in off-season production 0.68 (±0.09) compared to other systems. Strengthening the support system for farmers could enable them to better ensure the competitiveness of their farms through the choice of a more efficient cropping system
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