El retraso del lenguaje en niños mexicanos: vocabulario y gestos

There is a need to deterrnine early predictors of language development that rnay aid in the identijication of late-talkers. This study proposes gestural and vocabulary (both comprehension and production) components that rnay dzrerentiate children with typical language developmentfrom those who are delayed. A group of 10 children (age range 20-36 months ut first visit) with low language production were followed for a year and compared with control children of the same age. Data were collected using a parental report, experimental instruments and formal tests. Results showed specific gestural types and vocabulary measures that differentiated late talkers who bloomed from those who remained delayed ut the second visit.Es necesario identificar componentes de la cornunicación temprana que puedan diferenciar a niñes con un desarrollo normal de aquellos que tendrán un retraso de lenguaje. En este estudio se identifican componentes gestuales y de la comprensidn y producción del vocabulario que puedenayudar a la discrirninaci6m entre ambos grupos de niños. Se hizo un seguimiento de 1 año de 10 niños identificados con retraso del lenguaje entre los 20 y los 36 meses de edad. Se compararon con niños control de su misma edad. Se obtuvieron datos de su lenguaje por medio de un reportematerno, instrumentos experimentales y pruebas formules. Los resultados muestran componentes específicos de tipos de gestos y vocabulario que diferencian a los niños que avanzan y los niños que se mantienen con retraso después de un año

Event-Related Potentials to an English/Spanish Syllabic Contrast in Mexican 10–13-Month-Old Infants

We report brain electrophysiological responses from 10- to 13-month-old Mexican infants while listening to native and foreign CV-syllable contrasts differing in Voice Onset Time (VOT). All infants showed normal auditory event-related potential (ERP) components. Our analyses showed ERP evidence that Mexican infants are capable of discriminating their native sounds as well as the acoustically salient (aspiration) foreign contrast. The study showed that experience with native language influences VOT perception in Spanish learning infants. The acoustic salience of aspiration is perceived by both Spanish and English learning infants, but exposure provides additional phonetic status to this native-language feature for English learning infants. The effects of early experience and neural commitment as well as the impact of acoustic salience are further discussed

Los padres como promotores del desarrollo de lenguaje de bebés prematuros: propuesta de intervención temprana

Cualquier programa de intervención puede beneficiarse de la participación de los padres, pero es necesario darles información de cómo pueden estimular el lenguaje de sus hijos. El objetivo fue entrenar a los padres acerca de lo que debían esperar del desarrollo del lenguaje de sus hijos y brindarles técnicas de estimulación de este para evitar secuelas. Se estudiaron 21 bebés prematuros mexicanos y se comprobó que, después del entrenamiento, los padres se sentían más capaces de estimular a sus hijos. A los bebés se les aplicó una prueba de lenguaje al año y a los tres años de edad; en ambas obtuvieron puntajes normales para su edad. Se concluye que los padres son buenos promotores del lenguaje en bebés prematuro

Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis Secondary to Child Pugh B Liver Cirrhosis in a 15-Year-Old Male Patient. Case Report

La peritonitis bacteriana espontánea (PBE) se define como una infección bacteriana del líquido ascítico que se produce en ausencia de una fuente de infección tratable quirúrgicamente en la cavidad abdominal. Es una de las principales complicaciones en pacientes con cirrosis y ascitis y es de gran importancia debido a las altas tasas de mortalidad y recurrencia, que pueden reducirse significativamente con un diagnóstico oportuno y un tratamiento óptimo. El diagnóstico precoz requiere un alto grado de sospecha clínica, respaldado por signos inespecíficos de infección, que deben utilizarse con precaución. El tratamiento empírico debe tener en cuenta el tipo de infección, el aislamiento más común y, lo más importante, el sitio de infección. La prevención primaria y secundaria son importantes para mejorar la supervivencia y reducir la morbilidad o la recurrencia; Sin embargo, deben usarse de manera muy estricta y los pacientes expuestos a ellos deben ser monitoreados cuidadosamente para evitar la aparición de resistencia a los antibióticos. Se reporta un paciente masculino de 16 años con antecedente de cirrosis hepática refiere que presenta dolor abdominal tipo cólico difuso de moderada intensidad sin irradiación, que se acompaña de náuseas y vómito alimentario por dos ocasiones.Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is defined as a bacterial infection of the ascitic fluid that occurs in the absence of a surgically treatable source of infection in the abdominal cavity. It is one of the main complications in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and is of great importance due to the high mortality and recurrence rates, which can be significantly reduced with timely diagnosis and optimal treatment. Early diagnosis requires a high degree of clinical suspicion, supported by nonspecific signs of infection, which should be used with caution. Empirical treatment should take into account the type of infection, the most common isolate and, most importantly, the site of infection. Primary and secondary prevention are important to improve survival and reduce morbidity or recurrence; However, they must be used very strictly, and patients exposed to them must be carefully monitored to avoid the emergence of antibiotic resistance. A 16-year-old male patient with a history of liver cirrhosis is reported to have diffuse colicky abdominal pain of moderate intensity without irradiation, which is accompanied by nausea and food vomiting on two occasions

Human Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors-X1 induce chemokine receptor 2 expression in rat dorsal root ganglia neurons and release of chemokine ligand 2 from the human LAD-2 mast cell line

Primate-specific Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors-X1 (MRGPR-X1) are highly enriched in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons and induce acute pain. Herein, we analyzed effects of MRGPR-X1 on serum response factors (SRF) or nuclear factors of activated T cells (NFAT), which control expression of various markers of chronic pain. Using HEK293, DRG neuron-derived F11 cells and cultured rat DRG neurons recombinantly expressing human MRGPR-X1, we found activation of a SRF reporter gene construct and induction of the early growth response protein-1 via extracellular signal-regulated kinases-1/2 known to play a significant role in the development of inflammatory pain. Furthermore, we observed MRGPR-X1-induced up-regulation of the chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) via NFAT, which is considered as a key event in the onset of neuropathic pain and, so far, has not yet been described for any endogenous neuropeptide. Up-regulation of CCR2 is often associated with increased release of its endogenous agonist chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2). We also found MRGPR-X1-promoted release of CCL2 in a human connective tissue mast cell line endogenously expressing MRGPR-X1. Thus, we provide first evidence to suggest that MRGPR-X1 induce expression of chronic pain markers in DRG neurons and propose a so far unidentified signaling circuit that enhances chemokine signaling by acting on two distinct yet functionally co-operating cell types. Given the important role of chemokine signaling in pain chronification, we propose that interruption of this signaling circuit might be a promising new strategy to alleviate chemokine-promoted pain

Small-Scale Fisheries Bycatch Jeopardizes Endangered Pacific Loggerhead Turtles

Background. Although bycatch of industrial-scale fisheries can cause declines in migratory megafauna including seabirds, marine mammals, and sea turtles, the impacts of small-scale fisheries have been largely overlooked. Small-scale fisheries occur in coastal waters worldwide, employing over 99 % of the world’s 51 million fishers. New telemetry data reveal that migratory megafauna frequent coastal habitats well within the range of small-scale fisheries, potentially producing high bycatch. These fisheries occur primarily in developing nations, and their documentation and management are limited or non-existent, precluding evaluation of their impacts on non-target megafauna. Principal Findings/Methodology. 30 North Pacific loggerhead turtles that we satellite-tracked from 1996–2005 ranged oceanwide, but juveniles spent 70 % of their time at a high use area coincident with small-scale fisheries in Baja California Sur, Mexico (BCS). We assessed loggerhead bycatch mortality in this area by partnering with local fishers to 1) observe two small-scale fleets that operated closest to the high use area and 2) through shoreline surveys for discarded carcasses. Minimum annual bycatch mortality in just these two fleets at the high use area exceeded 1000 loggerheads year 21, rivaling that of oceanwide industrial-scale fisheries, and threatening the persistence of this critically endangered population. As a result of fisher participation in this study and a bycatch awareness campaign, a consortium of local fishers and other citizens are working to eliminate their bycatch and to establish a national loggerhea

Effects Of Length, Complexity, And Grammatical Correctness On Stuttering In Spanish-Speaking Preschool Children

Purpose: To explore the effects of utterance length, syntactic complexity, and grammatical correctness on stuttering in the spontaneous speech of young, monolingual Spanish-speaking children. Method: Spontaneous speech samples of 11 monolingual Spanish-speaking children who stuttered, ages 35 to 70 months, were examined. Mean number of syllables, total number of clauses, utterance complexity (i.e., containing no clauses, simple clauses, or subordinate and/or conjoined clauses), and grammatical correctness (i.e., the presence or absence of morphological and syntactical errors) in stuttered and fluent utterances were compared. Results: Findings revealed that stuttered utterances in Spanish tended to be longer and more often grammatically incorrect, and contain more clauses, including more subordinate and/or conjoined clauses. However, when controlling for the interrelatedness of syllable number and clause number and complexity, only utterance length and grammatical incorrectness were significant predictors of stuttering in the spontaneous speech of these Spanish-speaking children. Use of complex utterances did not appear to contribute to the prediction of stuttering when controlling for utterance length. Conclusions: Results from the present study were consistent with many earlier reports of English-speaking children. Both length and grammatical factors appear to affect stuttering in Spanish-speaking children. Grammatical errors, however, served as the greatest predictor of stuttering.Communication Sciences and Disorder