Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 10, No. 2

• Cutting-Up for Fancy • English-Language Folk Culture in Pennsylvania • The Bench Versus the Catechism: Revivalism and Pennsylvania\u27s Lutheran and Reformed Churches • Collecting and Indexing Dialect Poetry • Folk Amusements in Western Pennsylvania • Of Plows and Ploughing • The New Year Wish of the Pennsylvania Dutch Broadsidehttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1005/thumbnail.jp

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 14, No. 1

• The Oley Valley Basketmaker • The Sheen of Copper • Pennsylvania Corncribs • Land-Clearing in Lycoming County, Pennsylvania • Funerals in My Childhood Days • Folk Medicine from Western Pennsylvania • Peddlers I Rememberhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1017/thumbnail.jp

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 13, No. 4

• Stoneware: Stepchild of Early Pottery • The Days of Auld Lang Syne • Grout-Kootch, Coldframe, and Hotbed • Memories of Three Spring Farm • Folk Festival Program • Saffron Cookery • My Childhood Games • Western Pennsylvania Epitaphshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1016/thumbnail.jp

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 9, No. 2

• Barracks • The Courtship and Wedding Practices of the Old Order Amish • Rufus A. Grider • Knife, Fork and Spoon: A Collector\u27s Problem • Quaker Meeting-Houses • The Bannister-back Chair • Pies in Dutchland • Amusements in Rural Homes Around the Big and Little Mahoning Creeks, 1870-1912 • About the Authors • Buckskin or Sackcloth? A Glance at the Clothing Once Worn by the Schwenkfelders in Pennsylvaniahttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1001/thumbnail.jp

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 17, No. 3

• Easter Customs in the Lehigh Valley • From Paoli to Frederick in 1854: An Anonymous Travel Account • Jumping Into Spring • A Welsh Antecedent for St. David\u27s Church, Radnor: Gwydir Uchaf Chapel, Caernarvonshire, Wales • Pumps, Rams, Windmills and Waterwheels in Rural Pennsylvania • A Western Pennsylvania Graveyard, 1787-1967 • Baptism and Confirmation: Folk-Culture Questionnaire No. 7https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1031/thumbnail.jp

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 25, No. 1

• Pennsylvania German Tombstone Art of Lebanon County, Pennsylvania • Rain Day in Waynesburg, Pennsylvania • Non-Ordinary Stoneware Pieces from New Geneva and Greensboro, Pennsylvania • Pennsylvania German Astronomy and Astrology XIII: Conjunctions of 1683, 1694, and 1743 • The Social Context of Musical Instruments within the Pennsylvania German Culture • Tourism and the Amish Way of Life • Home Brewing Techniques: Folk-Cultural Questionnaire No. 41https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1065/thumbnail.jp

Pennsylvania Folklife Vol. 22, No. 4

• Let\u27s Talk About Slate • Ephrata Cloister Wills • A Blacksmith\u27s Summerkich • Pennsylvania German Astronomy and Astrology VI: Astrological Philosophy • Stoneware from New Geneva and Greensboro, Pennsylvania • American Emigration Materials from Pfeddersheim • Folk Medicine - Home Remedies: Folk-Cultural Questionnaire No. 29https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/pafolklifemag/1053/thumbnail.jp

Cascaded- and Modular-Multilevel Converter Laboratory Test System Options: A Review

The increasing importance of cascaded multilevel converters (CMCs), and the sub-category of modular multilevel converters (MMCs), is illustrated by their wide use in high voltage DC connections and in static compensators. Research is being undertaken into the use of these complex pieces of hardware and software for a variety of grid support services, on top of fundamental frequency power injection, requiring improved control for non-traditional duties. To validate these results, small-scale laboratory hardware prototypes are often required. Such systems have been built by many research teams around the globe and are also increasingly commercially available. Few publications go into detail on the construction options for prototype CMCs, and there is a lack of information on both design considerations and lessons learned from the build process, which will hinder research and the best application of these important units. This paper reviews options, gives key examples from leading research teams, and summarizes knowledge gained in the development of test rigs to clarify design considerations when constructing laboratory-scale CMCs.This work was supported in part by The University of Manchester supported by the National Innovation Allowance project ``VSC-HVDC Model Validation and Improvement'' and Dr. Heath's iCASE Ph.D. studentship supported through Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and National Grid, in part by the Imperial College London supported by EPSRC through the HubNet Extension under Grant EP/N030028/1, in part by an iCASE Ph.D. Studentship supported by EPSRC and EDF Energy and the CDT in Future Power Networks under Grant EP/L015471/1, in part by University of New South Wales (UNSW) supported by the Solar Flagships Program through the Education Infrastructure Fund (EIF), in part by the Australian Research Council through the Discovery Early Career Research Award under Grant DECRA_DE170100370, in part by the Basque Government through the project HVDC-LINK3 under Grant ELKARTEK KK-2017/00083, in part by the L2EP research group at the University of Lille supported by the French TSO (RTE), and in part by the Hauts-de-France region of France with the European Regional Development Fund under Grant FEDER 17007725

Revealing important nocturnal and day-to-day variations in fire smoke emissions through a multiplatform inversion

We couple airborne, ground-based, and satellite observations; conduct regional simulations; and develop and apply an inversion technique to constrain hourly smoke emissions from the Rim Fire, the third largest observed in California, USA. Emissions constrainedwithmultiplatform data show notable nocturnal enhancements (sometimes over a factor of 20), correlate better with daily burned area data, and are a factor of 2–4 higher than a priori estimates, highlighting the need for improved characterization of diurnal profiles and day-to-day variability when modeling extreme fires. Constraining only with satellite data results in smaller enhancements mainly due to missing retrievals near the emissions source, suggesting that top-down emission estimates for these events could be underestimated and a multi-platform approach is required to resolve them. Predictions driven by emissions constrained with multi-platform data present significant variations in downwind air quality and in aerosol feedback on meteorology, emphasizing the need for improved emissions estimates during exceptional events