Violences sexuelles en milieu universitaire au Québec : rapport de recherche de l’enquête ESSIMU

Cette recherche, intitulée « Enquête Sexualité, Sécurité et Interactions en Milieu Universitaire(ESSIMU) : Ce qu’en disent étudiant.es, enseignant.es et employé.es », a permis d’établir un portrait des violences sexuelles se déroulant en contexte universitaire au Québec. Cette enquête d’envergure provinciale regroupe 12 chercheures provenant des 6 universités suivantes : Université du Québec à Montréal, Université de Montréal, Université Laval, Université de Sherbrooke, Université du Québec en Outaouais et Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. L’équipe interdisciplinaire et interuniversitaire compte également le Regroupement québécois des centres d’aide et de lutte contre les agressions à caractère sexuel et le Service aux collectivités de l’UQAM. Afin de documenter les situations de violence sexuelle vécues en milieu universitaire (VSMU), l’équipe ESSIMU a réalisé en 2016 une vaste étude auprès de 9 284 répondant.es dans 6 universités québécoises francophones. Le questionnaire, administré en ligne, a permis de rendre compte d’un large éventail de manifestations de violence sexuelle vécues par l’ensemble de la communauté universitaire (étudiant ou travaillant à l’université). La mesure de victimisation distinguait le harcèlement sexuel (comportements verbaux et non verbaux qui traduisent des attitudes insultantes, hostiles et dégradantes), les comportements sexuels non désirés (comportements verbaux et non verbaux à caractère sexuel, offensants, non désirés ou non réciproques, incluant la tentative de viol et l’agression sexuelle) et la coercition sexuelle (chantage en retour de récompenses)

Effect of Manure vs. Fertilizer Inputs on Productivity of Forage Crop Models

Manure produced by livestock activity is a dangerous product capable of causing serious environmental pollution. Agronomic management practices on the use of manure may transform the target from a waste to a resource product. Experiments performed on comparison of manure with standard chemical fertilizers (CF) were studied under a double cropping per year regime (alfalfa, model I; Italian ryegrass-corn, model II; barley-seed sorghum, model III; and horse-bean-silage sorghum, model IV). The total amount of manure applied in the annual forage crops of the model II, III and IV was 158, 140 and 80 m3 ha−1, respectively. The manure applied to soil by broadcast and injection procedure provides an amount of nitrogen equal to that supplied by CF. The effect of manure applications on animal feeding production and biochemical soil characteristics was related to the models. The weather condition and manures and CF showed small interaction among treatments. The number of MFU ha−1 of biomass crop gross product produced in autumn and spring sowing models under manure applications was 11,769, 20,525, 11,342, 21,397 in models I through IV, respectively. The reduction of MFU ha−1 under CF ranges from 10.7% to 13.2% those of the manure models. The effect of manure on organic carbon and total nitrogen of topsoil, compared to model I, stressed the parameters as CF whose amount was higher in models II and III than model IV. In term of percentage the organic carbon and total nitrogen of model I and treatment with manure was reduced by about 18.5 and 21.9% in model II and model III and 8.8 and 6.3% in model IV, respectively. Manure management may substitute CF without reducing gross production and sustainability of cropping systems, thus allowing the opportunity to recycle the waste product for animal forage feeding

PRL-2 phosphatase is required for vascular morphogenesis and angiogenic signaling

International audienceAbstract Protein tyrosine phosphatases are essential modulators of angiogenesis and have been identified as novel therapeutic targets in cancer and anti-angiogenesis. The roles of atypical Phosphatase of Regenerative Liver (PRL) phosphatases in this context remain poorly understood. Here, we investigate the biological function of PRL phosphatases in developmental angiogenesis in the postnatal mouse retina and in cell culture. We show that endothelial cells in the retina express PRL-2 encoded by the Ptp4a2 gene, and that inducible endothelial and global Ptp4a2 mutant mice exhibit defective retinal vascular outgrowth, arteriovenous differentiation, and sprouting angiogenesis. Mechanistically, PTP4A2 deletion limits angiogenesis by inhibiting endothelial cell migration and the VEGF-A, DLL-4/NOTCH-1 signaling pathway. This study reveals the importance of PRL-2 as a modulator of vascular development

H3K36 dimethylation shapes the epigenetic interaction landscape by directing repressive chromatin modifications in embryonic stem cells

Epigenetic modifications on the chromatin do not occur in isolation. Chromatin-associated proteins and their modification products form a highly interconnected network, and disturbing one component may rearrange the entire system. We see this increasingly clearly in epigenetically dysregulated cancers. It is important to understand the rules governing epigenetic interactions. Here, we use the mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) model to describe in detail the relationships within the H3K27-H3K36-DNA methylation subnetwork. In particular, we focus on the major epigenetic reorganization caused by deletion of the histone 3 lysine 36 methyltransferase NSD1, which in mESCs deposits nearly all of the intergenic H3K36me2. Although disturbing the H3K27 and DNA methylation (DNAme) components also affects this network to a certain extent, the removal of H3K36me2 has the most drastic effect on the epigenetic landscape, resulting in full intergenic spread of H3K27me3 and a substantial decrease in DNAme. By profiling DNMT3A and CHH methylation (mCHH), we show that H3K36me2 loss upo

Violence sexuelles en milieu universitaire: Synthèse des résultats de l’enquête ESSIMU au Québec

This study, “Enquête Sexualité, Sécurité et Interactions en Milieu Universitaire,” conducted in 2016 with 9,284 respondents from six francophone Quebec universities, provided a portrait of sexual violence taking place in a university context. This article presents a summary of the results extracted from the research report (Bergeron et al., 2016)