Un hallazgo de monedas califales en el arrabal occidental de Córdoba

Un hallazgo de monedas califales en una de las múltiples viviendas excavadas en la última década al oeste de la medina, parte del extenso arrabal que se genera desde época emiral y que eclosiona en época de ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III en el año 929. Se emplaza a medio camino del lienzo occidental de la muralla de la capital y la ciudad palatina de madinat al-Zahra, en un paisaje suburbano densamente urbanizado. Está compuesto por 373 monedas con fechas del 321/933 al 400/1009, de las cecas de sikkat al-Andalus, al-Andalus, madinat al-Zahra, madinat Fas y Nakūr y un fragmento fatimíA find of caliphal coins in one of the multiple houses excavated in the last decade west of the medina of Cordova, part of the extensive suburbs that has been generated since the Emiral period and which hatches at the time of ‘Abd al-Raḥmān III in 929. It is located in the middle western walls road of the city and the new palatine city of madinat al-Zahra, in a densely suburban landscape urbanized. It is made up of 373 coins with dates from 321/933 to the 400/100 from the mints of sikkat al-Andalus, al-Andalus, madinat al-Zahra, madinat Fas and Nakūr and a Fatimid coin fragmen

Ceny detaliczne owoców w Polsce i w wybranych krajach europejskich

In the paper a horizontal and vertical comparative analysis of retail prices of fruit in Poland and selected European countries was conducted. The differences in prices between countries against level of affluence differentiation, the dynamics of their changes in the selected countries and the price relationships of some fruits were also analyzed. The time series for the relative prices of horticultural products in the form of price indexes and the GDP per capita come from Eurostat, the Central Statistical Office and the publication of the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics - National Research Institute. The study covered the years 2004-2012, ie after the Polish accession to the EU. Research has shown that on the European markets there is a decrease trend in fruit retail prices. Despite an overall decreasing trend prices of the two most common fruit species apples and pears in most European countries gradually increased each year. / Synopsis. W pracy dokonano poziomej oraz pionowej analizy porównawczej cen detalicznych owoców w Polsce oraz w wybranych krajach Unii Europejskie. Analizie poddano zmiany kierunku i dynamikę cen owoców ogółem, cen dwóch podstawowych gatunków, tzn. jabłek i gruszek, a także zmiany dochodu rozporządzalnego gospodarstw domowych przypadającego na 1 mieszkańca. Szeregi czasowe dotyczące relatywnych i absolutnych cen produktów ogrodniczych w postaci indeksów cen i wartości dochodu rozporządzalnego gospodarstw domowych przypadającego na jednego mieszkańca pochodzą z Eurostatu, Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego oraz publikacji Instytutu Ekonomiki Rolnictwa i Gospodarki Żywnościowej-Państwowy Instytut Badawczy. Okres badawczy obejmuje lata 2005-2014. Badania wykazały, że na większości europejskich rynkach występuje tendencja spadkowa cen detalicznych owoców i zmniejsza się stopniowo ich zróżnicowanie między krajami. Pomimo ogólnej tendencji spadkowej ceny dwóch najpowszechniejszych gatunków owoców mianowicie jabłek oraz gruszek w większości krajów europejskich corocznie sukcesywnie wzrastały. Sytuacja polskiego konsumenta tych gatunków nie uległa widocznej zmianie w stosunku do konsumenta w Niemczech, pomimo wzrosty poziomu zamożności

CENY DETALICZNE WARZYW A POZIOM ZAMOŻNOŚCI SPOŁECZEŃSTWA

In this study the direction and dynamics of the changes in consumer prices on the Polish vegetables market have been analyzed, as well as the direction and dynamics of changes in average monthly disposable income of households. The correlation between the above mentioned factors using Person coefficients and the relationships of vegetables prices to the income changes in the form of natural equivalents have been analyzed as well. This results can be useful in short-and long-term decisions taking by enterprises operating on the vegetables market. The study has shown that on the Polish vegetables market is a upward trend of consumer prices strongly correlated with the increase in households incomes

Stopień zorganizowania producentów owoców i warzyw w Polsce

Polish fruit and vegetables producing sector is characterized by production fragmentation. In addition, poor technical facilities, minor use of modern technologies and the narrow application of marketing mean that producers are less competitive in the world market. A way to improve this situation is the cooperation in producer groups and organizations. Since 2004, producers who decide to cooperate receive co-financial support from national and European Community budgets. Data showing the development of producer groups and organizations including the number of operators, number of members, as well as the volume and value of production have been analyzed. The results can be used to determine the degree of self-organization in the horticultural sector in Poland. / Synopsis. Polski sektor owoców i warzyw cechuje rozdrobnienie produkcji. Dodatkowo ubogie zaplecze techniczne, nieznaczne wykorzystanie nowoczesnych technologii oraz wąskie zastosowanie marketingu powodują, że krajowi producenci są mało konkurencyjni na światowym rynku. Sposobem poprawy sytuacji jest podjęcie współdziałania w grupach i organizacjach producentów. W celu zaktywizowania producentów, decydujący się na współdziałanie otrzymują wsparcie z funduszy krajowych oraz wspólnotowych. Analizowano dane obrazujące rozwój grup i organizacji producentów w Polsce od 2004 roku, m.in. liczbę takich podmiotów, liczbę ich członków, wielkość i wartość ich produkcji. Uzyskane wyniki posłużyły do określenia stopnia zorganizowania tego sektora w Polsce

REGIONALNE ZRÓŻNICOWANIE UPRAW OGRODNICZYCH W POLSCE

The changes in the horticultural crops area in Poland, as well as in a number of horticultural farms in whole country and individual provinces have been analysed, detailing horticulture sectors (orchards, vegetables, crops under cover). Particular emphasis was placed on the changes in the average size of crop area in one farm as an indicator of horticulture development. The analysis show that the Polish horticulture is still diversity by region and production is fragmentation, although eight years improved crop area structure

ZRÓŻNICOWANIE CEN KWIATÓW CIĘTYCH NA RYNKU DETALICZNYM WARSZAWY

The annual and monthly variation in retail prices of 10 cut flowers in Warsaw florists have been analyzed. It has been shown significant price differentials between species, florists and periods of the year. The highest prices were recorded in February and March, especially on Valentine’s Day, Women’s Day and Mother’s Day. A price level dependence on the location and florist trade potential has been found. The highest prices were recorded in florists located in shopping centers, with a very neat interior and a wide range of plants. These florists were also characterized by smaller seasonal variations

Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowego seminarium: Legal Preparedness for Global Sus tainability: Sus tainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals 1992–2012, 5–17 czerwca 2011 roku, Rzym

The report on the international seminar ʻLegal Preparedness for Global Sustainability: Sustainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals 1992-2012ʼ, 5-17th of June 2011, RomeSprawozdanie z międzynarodowego seminarium: Legal Preparedness for Global Sus tainability: Sus tainable Development Principles in the Decisions of International Courts and Tribunals 1992–2012, 5–17 czerwca 2011 roku, Rzy

Immunoaging – the effect of age on serum levels of NET biomarkers in men: a pilot study

Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the impact of aging on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The impaired formation of NETs is the cause of an abnormal innate immune response. Material and Methods The study included a total of 45 healthy male subjects of different age groups. Whole blood was collected from the subjects, and the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the main biocidal protein in NETs, was determined in serum using ELISA. The serum levels of circulating free DNA (cfDNA), which are the structural basis of NETs, were also measured by fluorescence. In addition, the white blood cell count was determined, whole blood smear was evaluated, and the neutrophillymphocyte ratio was calculated. The variations in the levels of NET biomarkers were analyzed in different age groups. Results The low levels of MPO (243.70 ng/ml) and cfDNA (6.24 ng/100 μl) in boys indicated neutrophil insufficiency for NETosis in children. A progressive increase in the levels of MPO and cfDNA with age was observed among adolescents (420.91, p = 0.04; 13.55, p = 0.03, respectively), with the highest level noted in the healthy adult group (466.58, p = 0.01; 14.07, p = 0.01, respectively). The levels of the studied parameters were comparable in adolescents and young adults, which proved that the NETosis process was appropriate and suggested the attainment of neutrophil maturity for the release of NETs in adolescence. The levels of MPO and cfDNA were low in older men (225.46, p < 0.01; 5.19, p < 0.01, respectively) indicating impaired NET formation. Conclusions Data on the generation of NETs in different age groups obtained in this study can allow a better understanding of the ontogenesis of the immune system in terms of the course of NETosis, and also indicate the need to support nonspecific responses in children and adults. Further research should be performed to determine the possibility of regulating the NETosis process. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2023;36(3):333–4

Immunoaging – the effect of age on serum levels of NET biomarkers in men: a pilot study

Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the impact of aging on the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). The impaired formation of NETs is the cause of an abnormal innate immune response. Material and Methods The study included a total of 45 healthy male subjects of different age groups. Whole blood was collected from the subjects, and the concentration of myeloperoxidase (MPO), the main biocidal protein in NETs, was determined in serum using ELISA. The serum levels of circulating free DNA (cfDNA), which are the structural basis of NETs, were also measured by fluorescence. In addition, the white blood cell count was determined, whole blood smear was evaluated, and the neutrophillymphocyte ratio was calculated. The variations in the levels of NET biomarkers were analyzed in different age groups. Results The low levels of MPO (243.70 ng/ml) and cfDNA (6.24 ng/100 μl) in boys indicated neutrophil insufficiency for NETosis in children. A progressive increase in the levels of MPO and cfDNA with age was observed among adolescents (420.91, p = 0.04; 13.55, p = 0.03, respectively), with the highest level noted in the healthy adult group (466.58, p = 0.01; 14.07, p = 0.01, respectively). The levels of the studied parameters were comparable in adolescents and young adults, which proved that the NETosis process was appropriate and suggested the attainment of neutrophil maturity for the release of NETs in adolescence. The levels of MPO and cfDNA were low in older men (225.46, p &lt; 0.01; 5.19, p &lt; 0.01, respectively) indicating impaired NET formation. Conclusions Data on the generation of NETs in different age groups obtained in this study can allow a better understanding of the ontogenesis of the immune system in terms of the course of NETosis, and also indicate the need to support nonspecific responses in children and adults. Further research should be performed to determine the possibility of regulating the NETosis process