Heavy metals in blood and urine impact on the woman fertility

This study was designed to investigate heavy metals that were associated with fertility of women. Heavy metals have been identified as factors affecting human fertility. For a lot of women, whole blood specimens were analyzed for Pb, Zn, As, Mg, Co, Sn, Ag, Sb, Fe, and Cr using ICP–MS. Heavy  metals as estimated  has an impact on the hormonal profile and fertility in women. Findings indicate that Fe, Mg and Zn may impact female fecundity, also findings indicate that Fe, Mg and Zn caucus a different affects in the blood and urine samples , Fe >Mg> Zn > Pb > Sn > Cr as shown by the high concentrations of  Fe, Mg,  Pb,  and Zn,  in the blood and in urine samples.  Fe >Mg> Zn > Pb > Sn > Cr as shown by the high concentrations of Fe, Mg, Pb, and Zn  in the blood and in urine samples. Significant difference(p<0.001) found in blood concentration of these metals, where highest concentration was found in Fe, while the lowest observed in Cr, also showed significant (p<0.001) difference among the concentrations of these metals in urine. The highest concentration was noticed in Mg, while the lowest was in Cr, Keyword: Heave metals, blood, urine, lead, women infertilit

Estimation the dose on radiosensitive tissue for women in dwelling and health risks caused to reduce the fertility women and cancer in gonads in Iraqi Kurdistan regions.

Present work, described the risk of indoor radon  concentration on the women ?s body tissue, such as  bladder, gonads, and uterus.  Minimum and  maximum annual effective dose A. E. D. to  uterus and many tissues were found  2.39 m Svy-1 and 32.28 mSvy-1,  respectively. The lowest radon concentration detected was found in the living room   94.883 Bq m-3, and the highest radon concentration detected was found in the kitchen  364.412  Bq m-3. The distribution of indoor radon concentration was high in many houses and many pose health risk affected on women fertility causative the infertility and cancer in gonads. The large variation of the indoor radon activity between different dwellings can be explained depending on the age of the house, ventilation conditions and the type of building materials, nature of the soil underneath, and geological considerations.  Majority of the houses had poor ventilation attributed to the absence of ventilators.  Dose is higher in old houses than in new ones because the ventilation rates in new houses are higher than those in old houses. The results showed significant difference ( p value  <  0.001) found between kitchen and living results, where concentration of radon in kitchen had higher results medians than results of living. Significant difference ( p value  <  0.001)  found among organs in living room, where the gonads are the organ with highest concentration while bladders were the lowest,  also significant difference ( p value  <  0.001)  found among participants organs in kitchen room Key words: Infertility, gonads cancer, indoor radon, human risk, CR-39NTDs, annual effective dose

Isolated Magnetic Dipole MIMO Antenna with Linear Port Configuration for Wireless Applications

This paper is presenting preliminary research to design Isolated Magnetic Dipole MIMO Antenna for wireless application. Isolated Magnetic Dipole (IMD) structure is one of the unique geometries that offers compact and low damaging electrical current at the ground surface. However, less attention in discussing design the MIMO antenna using IMD structure. The two elements MIMO antenna using IMD with linear port configuration has constructed at 2.4 GHz. Then simulated and analyzed to validate the feasibility of the IMD-MIMO antenna. The simulation and analysis cover S-Parameters, radiation, Gain, Correlation coefficient, and diversity gain. In addition, simple Semi-circle structure etched on the ground layer to improve the isolation of MIMO antenna. From the simulation results, the IMD-MIMO antenna has better results and highly recommended for designing compact MIMO antenna

Assessment the Effects of Alpha Particles on Women's Urine using CR-39 NTDs

This research describes the results that have been obtained from the alpha particles after carrying out the present study. The study was conducted on 60 urine samples taken from women, who were either infertile, had weak fertility with 30 urine samples of normal women. The age of those women ranged between (18-47) years. They further belonged to different locations in Iraqi Kurdistan region. values calculated in 20 ml of female urine samples was noted that the average values of concentrations of alpha emitters in 20 ml of urine of women's problem with fertility were 0.371 ppm in Erbil,  0.330 ppm in Sulaymania, and 0.199 for normal women, respectively, The results showed that the concentration of alpha emitters in Erbil > Sulaymania> normal, the number of areas do represent a source of danger to human life. This denotes that there is evidence of health problems. Significant difference found in participants’ laboratory outcomes between Erbil, Sulaymania and normal. Significant correlations (p < 0.001) found between participants’ demographic data and their laboratory outcomes. Also the range of alpha particles in the surface of urine samples and CR-39NTDs was calculated using SRIM program Keywords: infertility in women, Urine, Iraqi Kurdistan region, CR- 39NTDs, Alpha particle

Uranium Concentration in Human Blood using Fission Track Etch Technique

The technique of fission track etch has been applied to determine concentration of uranium in human blood samples for exposed group and control group, male and female, using CR-39 track detector that is employed for registration of induced fission tracks. The blood samples of exposed group were collected from three key southern Iraqi governorates (Basrah, Muthanna and Dhi-Qar). These governorates were the center of intensive military activities during the 1991 and 2003 Gulf wars. The blood samples of the control group were taken from individuals who live in Babil governorate. This governorate, which is considered environmentally uncontaminated, is located north-west of the study area. The results showed that the uranium concentrations in human blood of exposed group ranged from 0.78 ppb (male, 3 years old, from Dhi-Qar) to 2.47 ppb (female, 65 years old, from Basrah). For the control group, the uranium concentration ranged from 0.32 ppb (male, 4 years old) to 1.47 ppb (female, 52 years old). It has also been found that the uranium concentrations in blood samples of exposed group are higher than those of the control group, and the uranium concentrations for female exposed group and control group are higher than those for male exposed group and control group. Keywords: uranium concentration, human blood, CR-39, fission track, Ira

Measurement the Concentration of Alpha Emitters in the Urine In Vitro, Natural Exposure

- This research describes the results that have been obtained from the alpha particles after carrying out the present study. The study was conducted on 60 urine samples taken from women, who were either infertile, had weak fertility. The age of those women ranged between (21-43) years. They further belonged to different locations in Iraqi Kurdistan region. The the main of track densety and concentration result obtained was 20.884 track mm?2 and 0.330 ppm in Sulaimania, and The the main of track density and concentration result obtained was 23.457 track mm?2 and 0.0.371ppm in Erbil which is near The higher concentration and the annual effective dose values were calculated for all women. Such a step was done by examining 20 ml of the women's urine samples.. The range of alpha particles in the surface of urine samples and CR-39NTDs was calculated using SRIM program. The average absorption of doses was 0.4754 mSvy-1, which is lower than the normal level, 3-10 mSvy-1l,  reported by the ICRP. This denotes that there is no evidence of health problems. Key words: infertility in women, Urine, Iraqi Kurdistan region , Alpha particle

Toxic effect of high concentration of sonochemically synthesized polyvinylpyrrolidone-coated silver nanoparticles on Citrobacter sp. A1 and Enterococcus sp. C1

Background/Purpose Currently, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained importance in various industrial applications. However, their impact upon release into the environment on microorganisms remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped AgNPs synthesized in this laboratory on two bacterial strains isolated from the environment, Gram-negative Citrobacter sp. A1 and Gram-positive Enterococcus sp. C1. Methods Polyvinylpyrrolidone-capped AgNPs were synthesized by ultrasound-assisted chemical reduction. Characterization of the AgNPs involved UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Citrobacter sp. A1 and Enterococcus sp. C1 were exposed to varying concentrations of AgNPs, and cell viability was determined. Scanning electron microscopy was performed to evaluate the morphological alteration of both species upon exposure to AgNPs at 1000 mg/L. Results The synthesized AgNPs were spherical in shape, with an average particle size of 15 nm. The AgNPs had different but prominent effects on either Citrobacter sp. A1 or Enterococcus sp. C1. At an AgNP concentration of 1000 mg/L, Citrobacter sp. A1 retained viability for 6 hours, while Enterococcus sp. C1 retained viability only for 3 hours. Citrobacter sp. A1 appeared to be more resistant to AgNPs than Enterococcus sp. C1. The cell wall of both strains was found to be morphologically altered at that concentration. Conclusion Minute and spherical AgNPs significantly affected the viability of the two bacterial strains selected from the environment. Enterococcus sp. C1 was more vulnerable to AgNPs, probably due to its cell wall architecture and the absence of silver resistance-related genes

Significant effect of ph on photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants using semiconductor catalysts

Photocatalytic is one of the inexpensive and non-toxic techniques for degradation of organic pollutants into harmless substances such as water and carbon dioxide. In this study, simple electrolysis method was used in preparation of Ag/TiO2 and α-Fe2O3/HY catalysts. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were studied using XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDX and surface area analysis. The pH of solution plays an important role in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants which influences the surface-charge properties of the catalysts. Ag/TiO2 and α-Fe2O3/HY were used as catalyst on degradation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) and methyl orange (MO), respectively. The effect of pH on degradation of 2-CP and MO were investigated over a pH range from 2 to 9. Higher degradation of 2-CP and MO were obtained at pH 5 (74%) and pH 2 (80%), respectively. This finding might be explained by the amphoteric performance of the catalyst using point zero charge (pHZPC). The pHZPC for Ag/TiO2 and α-Fe2O3/HY was found to be at pH 6.3 and pH 7.2, respectively. Hence, the activities of the catalysts may have been affected by the existence of a strong electrostatic field between the positively charged catalysts surface and negatively charged 2-CP and MO caused a pH value lower than their pHZPC give greater degradation

A Carrierless Amplitude Phase (CAP) Modulation Format: Perspective and Prospect in Optical Transmission System

The explosive demand of broadband services nowadays requires data communication systems to have intensive capacity which subsequently increases the need for higher data rate as well. Although implementation of multiple wavelengths channels can be used (e.g. 4 × 25.8 Gb/s for 100 Gb/s connection) for such desired system, it usually leads to cost increment issue which is caused by employment of multiple optical components. Therefore, implementation of advanced modulation format using a single wavelength channel has become a preference to increase spectral efficiency by increasing the data rate for a given transmission system bandwidth. Conventional advanced modulation format however, involves a degree of complexity and costly transmission system. Hence, carrierless amplitude phase (CAP) modulation format has emerged as a promising advanced modulation format candidate due to spectral efficiency improvement ability with reduction of optical transceiver complexity and cost. The intriguing properties of CAP modulation format are reviewed as an attractive prospect in optical transmission system applications

Adsorptive removal of Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions from water solution using graphene oxide-manganese ferrite (GMF) nanomaterials

Chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) are heavy metals known for their dangerous effect towards human health and could enter into human body mainly through ingestion. Over the years, different treatment methods have been used to eliminate heavy metal from raw water source and these include (co)precipitation, coagulation/flocculation, adsorption and ion-exchange. Nonetheless, adsorption is the most prominent method due to its high adsorption capacity and low cost. In this work, graphene oxide-manganese ferrite (GMF) nanomaterials were synthesized and used to remove Cr(VI) and Cu(II) ions from water solution based on adsorption mechanism. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized using FTIR, BET and TEM prior to use in adsorption process. Batch adsorption studies were carried out to study the adsorption capacity and kinetic properties of the nanomaterials in eliminating two selective heavy metal ions. At optimum pH value, the maximum adsorption capacity for Cr(VI) and Cu(II) are 34.02 and 66.94 mg/g, respectively. The experimental data revealed that the adsorption isotherm best fitted Langmuir model and followed Pseudo second order