Consequences of massive river bank erosion to the local society at Pasir Parit, Kelantan

The population living near the river basin is at risk of river bank erosion. As a consequence of hydraulics and hydrological processes, as well as floods and development activities along the river, the morphology is changing. Many ecological characteristics, including flora and fauna, human life, basin structure, and so on, may be lost as a consequence of river bank erosion. The objectives of this research are to (1) identify the impact of soil texture on river bank erosion; (2) determine the consequences of river bank erosion on the local community; and (3) propose river bank erosion mitigation strategies for the study region. We use both quantitative and qualitative approaches to analyse data in this study. An observational technique, a questionnaire survey, and a personal interview were utilised to collect data. To support our findings, we acquired secondary data from government entities (Drainage and Irrigation Department). The river bank erosion in this case study affected 17 dwellings, totalling 103 people, and two homes were consumed by the river. The impacted area of river bank erosion at the site, according to the research conclusions based on aerial photography and departmental statistical data, is roughly 120 metres in a period of 6 months. The volume of sediment lost due to bank erosion was estimated to be 360,000 cubic metres, or 1.4 hectares. As a consequence of the massive river bank erosion, the victims endured loss and worry. The following technique for preventing river bank erosion is proposed: build a concrete river cliff or gabion as soon as possible, and change the low weir so that flowing and flood water is contained in the river's main channel

Percolation threshold enables optical resistive‐memory switching and light‐tuneable synaptic learning in segregated nanocomposites

An optical memristor where the electrical resistance memory depends on the history of both the current flowing through the device and the irradiance of incident light onto it is demonstrated. It is based on a nanocomposite consisting of functionalized gold nanoparticles in an optically active azobenzene polymer matrix. The composite has an extremely low percolation threshold of 0.04% by volume for conductivity because of the aggregation of the conducting nanoparticles into filamentary nanochannels. Optical irradiation results in photomechanical switching through expansion of the thin film from above to below the percolation threshold, giving a large LOW/HIGH resistance ratio of 103. The device acts as an artificial synapse, the conductivity or plasticity of which can be independently modulated, either electrically or optically, to enable tunable and reconfigurable synaptic circuits for brain‐inspired artificial intelligent or visual memory arrays. The lifetime of the resistive‐memory states is also optically controllable, which enables spatial modulation of long‐ and short‐term memory

Multilevel Resistance Switching and Enhanced Spin Transition Temperature in Single and Double Molecule Spin Crossover Nanogap Devices

Spin crossover (SCO) molecules are promising bi-stable magnetic switches with applications in molecular spintronics. However, little is known about the switching effects of a single SCO molecule when it is confined between two metal electrodes. Here we examine the switching properties of a [Fe(III)(EtOSalPet )(NCS)] SCO molecule that is specifically tailored for surface deposition and binding to only one gold electrode in a nanogap device. Temperature dependent conductivity measurements on SCO molecule containing electromigrated gold break junctions show voltage independent telegraphic-like switching between two resistance states at temperature below 200 K. The transition temperature is very different from the transition temperature of 83 K that occurs in a bulk film of the same material. This indicates that the bulk, co-operative SCO phenomenon is no longer preserved for a single molecule and that the surface interaction drastically increases the temperature of the SCO phenomenon. Another key finding of this work is that some devices show switching between multiple resistance levels. We propose that in this case, two SCO molecules are present within the nanogap with both participating in the electronic transport and switching

The multidimensional impacts of external price shocks on macroeconomic variables: Malaysian experiences from recession to economic instability

The 2008 to 2009 global external price shocks on foods and oil exert worldwide impacts on production, expenditure pattern, trade, welfare, internal resource allocation and ultimate impacts diverted to global recession, Malaysia is not an exception. Centering the world's (2008 to 2009) oil and food price catastrophe, here we investigate Malaysian experiences from recession to economic instability. An applied computable general equilibrium model is utilized in our study to simulate the Malaysian economic impacts by three scenarios. First is food import price increase by 20% (Scenario 1), second is the oil price catastrophe by 40% (Scenario 2) and finally a scenario that combines Scenarios 1 and 2 simultaneously (Scenario 3). Our results depict the multidimensional impacts on major macroeconomic indicators from recession to economic instability. Our results indicate that, price catastrophe either in Scenario 1 or 2, or in Scenario 3, depress overall Malaysian domestic outputs and exports. Reduced output also reduces employment, thus causing a fall in household's income. Overall imports also decreased by 0.2, 1.5, and 1.7% respectively, in all scenarios that specify consumers can afford less quantity of both domestic and imported goods; is the clear indication of recession and economic instability. Our study can be a message to policy makers, who are considering recession and trade policy together

Gelandangan Wanita dan Kemiskinan Feminisme

Kemiskinan boleh digambarkan sebagai suatu bentuk kesukaran yang dialami oleh seseorang untuk memenuhi keperluan minimum biologi, sosial, rohani dan budaya seseorang. Gelandangan wanita adalah kelompok marginal yang paling terdedah kepada situasi sukar di mana mereka mengalami kehidupan yang destruktif dan menyedihkan terutamanya disebabkan oleh kemiskinan yang dilalui. Fenomena ini sebahagian besarnya berkaitan dengan bagaimana wanita diwakili secara tidak seimbang dalam komuniti dan status sosioekonomi yang lebih rendah berbanding lelaki dalam status sosioekonomi yang sama. Kertas konsep ini akan memfokuskan perbincangan tentang kemiskinan feminisme terutama dari segi pendefinisian dan faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan wanita cenderung untuk menjadi gelandangan. Hasil perbincangan ini dapat digunakan dalam menambahkan pengetahuan kepada bidang ilmu terutama buat gelandangan wanita sebagai komuniti yang sering terpinggir dalam perbincangan ilmu