The L-/C-band feed design for the DSS 14 70-meter antenna (Phobos mission)

A dual-frequency (1.668 and 5.01 GHz) feed was designed for the Deep Space Station (DSS) 14 70-m antenna to support the Soviet Phobos Mission. This antenna system was capable of supporting telemetry, two-way Doppler, and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). VLBI and two-way Doppler information on the Phobos spacecraft was acquired with this antenna in 1989

Criminalizing Yakuza Membership: A Comparative Study of the Anti-Boryokudan Law

Originating in Japan and operating across the globe, the Yakuza are regarded as some of the most sophisticated and wealthiest criminal organizations. Yakuza gangs operate a wide variety of illegal revenue-generating activities ranging from securities fraud to traditional extortion of civilians. These hierarchical criminal organizations are classified under Japanese Law as boryokudan (violence groups). As of 2010, the National Police Agency identified 22 boryokudan groups operating in Japan. In July 2011, the United States Department of State included the Yakuza on a list of four transnational criminal organizations that “facilitate and aggravate violent civil conflicts.” Pursuant to this order, in 2012, the Treasury Department froze the U.S. assets of two members of the largest Yakuza syndicate, the Yamaguchi-gumi. Despite these foreign designations, Japanese law does not criminalize active Yakuza membership. While a direct prohibition on Yakuza membership would appear to be the most efficient method of eliminating the Yakuza, the Japanese legislature, the Diet, has refrained from enacting such legislation. The Diet has instead opted for piecemeal legislation aimed at impeding Yakuza revenue-raising activities, increasing liability for criminal acts by Yakuza members, and empowering local citizens who choose to challenge Yakuza groups. Eighteen years after the Japanese legislature enacted its first regulations aimed at curbing Yakuza activities, the National Police Agency proudly proclaimed in 2010 that Yakuza membership nationwide had dropped back to 1992-levels. Part II of this Note will describe Yakuza’s role in Japan. Part III will examine the Anti-Boryokudan law, its revisions, and implementation against the Yakuza. Part III will also describe the Yakuza’s reactions and adaptations to the law. Part IV will take a comparative look at the laws criminalizing organized crime membership in the United States and Italy. This examination includes an analysis of the relevant laws’ language, legislative history, and evolution following implementation. This Note will conclude with the following observations: The Anti-Boryokudan Law’s primary effect has been to organize public opinion against the Yakuza. However, the legislation relies too heavily on individuals and communities to shoulder the burden in the battle against the Yakuza. Until legislation is enacted that provides prosecutors with the tools necessary to attach criminal liability to Yakuza membership, the Yakuza will remain an influential presence in Japanese society

Long-range correlation energy calculated from coupled atomic response functions

An accurate determination of the electron correlation energy is essential for describing the structure, stability, and function in a wide variety of systems, ranging from gas-phase molecular assemblies to condensed matter and organic/inorganic interfaces. Even small errors in the correlation energy can have a large impact on the description of chemical and physical properties in the systems of interest. In this context, the development of efficient approaches for the accurate calculation of the long-range correlation energy (and hence dispersion) is the main challenge. In the last years a number of methods have been developed to augment density functional approximations via dispersion energy corrections, but most of these approaches ignore the intrinsic many-body nature of correlation effects, leading to inconsistent and sometimes even qualitatively incorrect predictions. Here we build upon the recent many-body dispersion (MBD) framework, which is intimately linked to the random-phase approximation for the correlation energy. We separate the correlation energy into short-range contributions that are modeled by semi-local functionals and long-range contributions that are calculated by mapping the complex all-electron problem onto a set of atomic response functions coupled in the dipole approximation. We propose an effective range-separation of the coupling between the atomic response functions that extends the already broad applicability of the MBD method to non-metallic materials with highly anisotropic responses, such as layered nanostructures. Application to a variety of high-quality benchmark datasets illustrates the accuracy and applicability of the improved MBD approach, which offers the prospect of first-principles modeling of large structurally complex systems with an accurate description of the long-range correlation energy.Comment: 15 pages, 3 figure

The electrical conductivities of the DSS-13 beam-waveguide antenna shroud material and other antenna reflector surface materials

A significant amount of noise temperature can potentially be generated by currently unknown dissipative losses in the beam waveguide (BWG) shroud. The amount of noise temperature contribution from this source is currently being studied. In conjunction with this study, electrical conductivity measurements were made on samples of the DSS-13 BWG shroud material at 8.420 GHz. The effective conductivities of unpainted and painted samples of the BWG shroud were measured to be 0.01 x 10(exp 7) and 0.0036 x 10(exp 7) mhos/m, respectively. This value may be compared with 5.66 x 10(exp 7) mhos/m for high conductivity copper

Development of tests for measurement of primary perceptual-motor performance

Tests for measuring primary perceptual-motor performance for assessing space environment effects on human performanc

Development of an improved perceptual-motor performance measurement system

Test console for integrated human perceptual-motor performance battery measurement syste

\u3ci\u3eCaremark\u3c/i\u3e and ESG, Perfect Together: A Practical Approach to Implementing an Integrated, Efficient, and Effective \u3ci\u3eCaremark\u3c/i\u3e and EESG Strategy

With increased calls from investors, legislators, and academics for corporations to consider employee, environmental, social, and governance factors (“EESG”) when making decisions, boards and managers are struggling to situate EESG within their existing reporting and organizational structures. Building on an emerging literature connecting EESG with corporate compliance, this Essay argues that EESG is best understood as an extension of the board’s duty to implement and monitor a compliance program under Caremark. If a company decides to do more than the legal minimum, it will simultaneously satisfy legitimate demands for strong EESG programs and promote compliance with the law. Building on that insight, we explain how boards can marry existing corporate compliance programs with budding EESG programs. By integrating compliance and EESG, corporations can meet growing societal demands in an effective and efficient manner that capitalizes on existing structures. Lastly, we address how EESG and corporate compliance responsibilities should be allocated at the board and senior management level. Instead of separating compliance and EESG oversight, this Essay suggests that boards embrace a functional approach, delegating similar compliance and EESG oversight to the same committee and managers. By situating EESG within the board’s existing fiduciary duties, this Essay provides academics, legislators, investors, and managers with a novel framework to conceptualize EESG while also offering a path forward for boards struggling to place the current EESG movement within their existing corporate structure

\u3cem\u3eCaremark\u3c/em\u3e and ESG, Perfect Together: A Practical Approach to Implementing an Integrated, Efficient, and Effective \u3cem\u3eCaremark\u3c/em\u3e and EESG Strategy

With increased calls from investors, legislators, and academics for corporations to consider employee, environmental, social, and governance factors (“EESG”) when making decisions, boards and managers are struggling to situate EESG within their existing reporting and organizational structures. Building on an emerging literature connecting EESG with corporate compliance, this Essay argues that EESG is best understood as an extension of the board’s duty to implement and monitor a compliance program under Caremark. If a company decides to do more than the legal minimum, it will simultaneously satisfy legitimate demands for strong EESG programs and promote compliance with the law. Building on that insight, we explain how boards can marry existing corporate compliance programs with budding EESG programs. By integrating compliance and EESG, corporations can meet growing societal demands in an effective and efficient manner that capitalizes on existing structures. Lastly, we address how EESG and corporate compliance responsibilities should be allocated at the board and senior management level. Instead of separating compliance and EESG oversight, this Essay suggests that boards embrace a functional approach, delegating similar compliance and EESG oversight to the same committee and managers. By situating EESG within the board’s existing fiduciary duties, this Essay provides academics, legislators, investors, and managers with a novel framework to conceptualize EESG while also offering a path forward for boards struggling to place the current EESG movement within their existing corporate structure

Ionic Transport in Potassium Chloride

The electrical conductivity and chlorine ion diffusion in KC1 and KCl:SrC12 single crystals have been analyzed by least-squares methods, using as a model a perfect crystal perturbed by five defects: isolated anion vacancies, isolated cation vacancies, divalent cation impurities, divalent cation-impurity-cation-vacancy complexes, and vacancy pairs. The transport equations were derived from this five-defect model using a simple theory for noninteracting particles, except for the nearest-neighbor binding to form complexes and vacancy pairs, and using the same theory including long-range Coulomb interactions between the isolated defects. This latter theory yielded the better description of the experimental results. However, the analyses showed that significant nonrandom deviations exist between theory and experiment. These deviations exist in both the intrinsic and extrinsic regions of conductivity. The failure of existing concepts for these transport properties is discussed in terms of possible additional mechanisms, i.e., electrons, cationic Frenkel defects, or trivacancies, and in terms of more complete theoretical treatment