Numerical method to calculate the induced drag or optimum loading for arbitrary non-planar aircraft

A simple unified numerical method applicable to non-planar subsonic aircraft has been developed for calculating either the induced drag for an arbitrary loading or the optimum aircraft loading which results in minimum induced drag. The method utilizes a vortex lattice representation of the aircraft lifting surfaces coupled with the classic equations and theorems for computing and minimizing induced drag. Correlation of results from the numerical method with non-planar solutions obtained from other more complex theories indicates very good agreement. Comparison of the induced-drag computations using the numerical method with experimental data for planar and non-planar configurations was also very good

Preliminary study of effects of Reynolds number and boundary-layer transition location on shock-induced separation

Transonic wind tunnel studies on airfoil to determine effects of Reynolds number and boundary layer transition location on shock induced separated flo

The aerodynamic design of an advanced rotor airfoil

An advanced rotor airfoil, designed utilizing supercritical airfoil technology and advanced design and analysis methodology is described. The airfoil was designed subject to stringent aerodynamic design criteria for improving the performance over the entire rotor operating regime. The design criteria are discussed. The design was accomplished using a physical plane, viscous, transonic inverse design procedure, and a constrained function minimization technique for optimizing the airfoil leading edge shape. The aerodynamic performance objectives of the airfoil are discussed

The Lythraceae of Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Botany, Miami Univeristy, Oxford, Ohio 45056The distribution of Ohio representatives of the family Lythraceae was studied by examination of all specimens of this family in ten in-state and one out-of-state herbaria. Six species of the Lythraceae were found to be native to Ohio and are discussed herein: Decodon verticillatus, Rotala ramosior, Ammannia coccinea, Peplis diandra, Lythrum dacotanum, and Cuphea viscosissima. Three introduced taxa are also deemed worthy of inclusion: Lythrum hyssopifolia, L. salicaria, and Lagerstroemia indica. Lythrum hyssopifolia and Peplis diandra are rare in Ohio, each being known but from a single locality. Rotala ramosior and Ammannia coccinea are infrequent, the southern part of their Ohio distribution being directly related to the path of the Ohio and/or Scioto rivers. Though infrequent at present, Lythrum salicaria is spreading and is now locally abundant at several stations. Decodon verticillatus is rated in this treatment as frequent, but its distribution is scattered. It will certainly become less frequent if further destruction of its natural marsh habitat occurs. Lythrum dacotanum and Cuphea viscosissima are of common occurrence in the state. Lythrum dacotanum is broadly distributed in moist, low-lying, prairie situations; Cuphea viscosissima occurs in moist or dry habitats and is the only representative of the Lythraceae common in the Appalachian uplands of southeastern Ohio. County distribution maps are presented for all species included except Lagerstroemia indica (crape-myrtle), which is only occasionally planted as far north as Ohio

Natural Notation for the Domestic Internet of Things

This study explores the use of natural language to give instructions that might be interpreted by Internet of Things (IoT) devices in a domestic `smart home' environment. We start from the proposition that reminders can be considered as a type of end-user programming, in which the executed actions might be performed either by an automated agent or by the author of the reminder. We conducted an experiment in which people wrote sticky notes specifying future actions in their home. In different conditions, these notes were addressed to themselves, to others, or to a computer agent.We analyse the linguistic features and strategies that are used to achieve these tasks, including the use of graphical resources as an informal visual language. The findings provide a basis for design guidance related to end-user development for the Internet of Things.Comment: Proceedings of the 5th International symposium on End-User Development (IS-EUD), Madrid, Spain, May, 201

Health Service Utilization and Stigma among HIV-Positive Men-Who-Have-Sex-With Men (MSM) in Rural Appalachia

ABSTRACT Health Service Utilization and Stigma among HIV-Positive Men-Who-Have-Sex-With-Men (MSM) in Rural Appalachia by Roger Lee Blackwell The world has now entered the third decade of the AIDS epidemic. Men-who-have-sex-with-men continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS. The United States still struggles in its response to this ongoing crisis in many areas: disease prevention, treatment, and HIV related stigma, prejudice and discrimination. Much of the information reported on MSM living with HIV has come from urban population centers, but only a few studies have focused on HIV positive MSM living in rural areas. Therefore, the overall aim of this dissertation was to explore the lived experiences of MSM living with HIV/AIDS, in particular the intersection of HIV related stigma with social, behavioral and health outcomes in rural, South Central Appalachia. For this dissertation, data were collected via semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with 23 HIV-positive MSM living in South Central Appalachia. Using a descriptive narrative approach, the researcher sought to address the influence of HIV/AIDS related stigma in the lives of these men and provide a forum for their voices. Qualitative data were sorted into various categories from which emergent themes and topics were generated using Nvivo software for data management and manipulation. In addition to qualitative interviews, demographic data were gathered and analyzed to produce basic, descriptive statistics. Results indicated that MSM participating in this study accessed health services through various agencies. MSM also experienced stigma in multiple and overlapping ways; MSM described stigmatizing experiences stemming from religious sources, communities, family and friends, and from the medical establishment. Moreover, it was revealed that homophobia and HIV-related stigma were related; participants did not differentiate between the two. Homophobia and HIV related stigma were specifically contextualized in relation to rurality and religiosity. The use of health related services was not mediated by stigma. The results within this dissertation are intended to inform health professionals in the planning and implementation of interventions and treatments for this hidden population in Appalachia. This exploratory dissertation provides insight and contextual information for a highly stigmatized population. Lastly, this project provided rural MSM with a voice

Teachers\u27 Perceptions and Concerns of Year-Round Education in Tennessee High School Agriculture Programs

The purpose of this study was to focus on the emergence of year-round education and its possible effects on agricultural education programs throughout the state of Tennessee. The study collected perceptions of teachers who currently teach in a Tennessee high school agriculture program regarding the implementation of a year-round program at their school. A survey was designed and sent to all 284 teachers identified in the 2002-2003 Tennessee Agriculture teacher directory. Findings were based upon a 69% response rate. Findings The total number of survey respondents was 197; of these 93 .1 % taught in schools operating on a traditional schedule, while 6.9% taught in schools that operate on a year-round schedule. Of the 197 respondents 73.9% stated no schedule change was being proposed by their respective school district, 25% are proposing a change from a traditional schedule to a year-round schedule, and 1.1 % stated their school system is proposing a change from a year-round to a traditional schedule. The majority (59.1 %) of the agriculture education instructors at schools on traditional schedules showed some level of concern regarding the implementation of a year-round schedule at their school. Of the respondents on a traditional schedule the largest percentage (38.7%) showed some level of agreement with the statement: \u27If a year-round schedule is implemented at my school my instructional methods would not change.\u27 However, the largest number (41.7%) of teachers on a year-round schedule were neutral regarding this statement. The largest percentage of respondents on a traditional schedule felt that both teacher (43.4%) and student burnout (45.7%) would increase following the implementation of a year-round schedule. The largest number (50%) of teachers on a year-round schedule felt that teacher burnout would decrease even though the respondents were evenly divided regarding increased/decreased student burnout. vi The majority (59.8%) of respondents on a traditional schedule felt that student discipline problems would remain the same following the implementation of a year-round schedule. The largest percentage of respondents (41.7%) on a year-round schedule felt that discipline problems would increase. Of the teachers on a traditional schedule 39.5% felt that the time students spend on S.A.E.\u27s would decrease while 39% were neutral. The majority of the respondents on a year-round schedule were neutral. The majority (68.2%) of respondents on a traditional schedule as well as those on a year-round schedule, felt that it would be more difficult to schedule events such as State Convention and FF A Camp. Conclusions Forty-nine (26.1 % ) teachers stated their schools are proposing schedule changes indicating that schedule changes may be forthcoming for some Tennessee high school agriculture programs. The majority of teachers on a traditional schedule are concerned about the implementation of a year-round schedule at their school while the majority of teachers on a year-round schedule are not concerned. This possibly makes the concerns of teachers on a traditional schedule unwarranted and influenced by inexperience with the schedule itself. There are differing biggest concerns regarding the implementation of a year-round schedule between the two statistical groups. This raises the question, Are changes in curriculum and instruction the biggest concern of teachers beginning to teach on a year-round schedule? The largest number of teachers on a traditional schedule feel that teacher burnout would increase following the implementation of a year-round schedule at the school where they currently teach. However, the largest number of teachers on a year-round schedule feel that teacher burnout would decrease reaffirming the data given from Ballinger, Kirschenbaum, and Poimbeauf ( 1987). The largest number of respondents currently on a year-round schedule stated that student discipline problems would increase, contradicting the data collected from the Oxnard School District (Oxnard, 1992)

High Reynolds number test of a NACA 651-213, a equals 0.5 airfoil at transonic speeds

Wind-Tunnel tests were conducted in the Lockheed-Georgia Company's compressible flow facility to determine the transonic two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of a NACA 65 sub 1-213 a = 0.50 airfoil. The results are correlated with data obtained in the NASA-Langley 8-foot transonic pressure tunnel and the NAE high Reynolds number 15x60-inch two-dimensional test facility. The tests were conducted over a Mach number range from 0.60 to 0.80 and an angle of attack range from -1 deg to 8 deg. Reynolds numbers, based on the airfoil chord, were varied