Lactate-Modulated Induction of THBS-1 Activates Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-beta2 and Migration of Glioma Cells In Vitro

We define a regulatory cascade between lactate, THBS-1 and TGF-beta2, leading to enhanced migration of glioma cells. Our results demonstrate a specific interaction between tumor metabolism and migration and provide a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying glioma cell invasion

Assessment of facial profile changes in Class I biprotrusion adolescent subjects submitted to orthodontic treatment with extractions of four premolars

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate cephalometric changes in tooth and profile position in young adolescent individuals with Class I biprotrusion submitted to orthodontic treatment with extractions of four first premolars. METHODS: Pre and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs from 20 patients with Class I biprotrusion malocclusion were used to evaluate the following measurements: nasolabial angle, distance from lips to E line, distance from lips, incisors, tip of the nose and soft tissue pogonion to Sy line. RESULTS: All measurements showed significant changes after treatment (p<0.05), except the distance from lips and soft tissue pogonion to Sy line. There was a positive correlation between the retraction of incisors and the change of upper and lower lips (0.803/0.925; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The profile retrusion observed occurred more due to nose growth than to lips retraction. The response from soft tissues to incisors retraction showed a great variability

Fathers are just as good as mothers at recognizing the cries of their baby

Previous investigations of parents’ abilities to recognize the cries of their own babies have identified substantial and significant sex differences, with mothers showing greater correct recognition rates than fathers. Such sex differences in parenting abilities are common in non-human mammals and usually attributed to differential evolutionary pressures on male and female parental investment. However, in humans the traditional concept of ‘maternal instinct’ has received little empirical support and is incongruous given our evolutionary past as cooperative breeders. Here we use a controlled experimental design to show that both fathers and mothers can reliably and equally recognize their own baby from their cries, and that the only crucial factor affecting this ability is the amount of time spent by the parent with their own baby. These results highlight the importance of exposure and learning in the development of this ability, which may rely on shared auditory and cognitive abilities rather than sex-specific innate predispositions

Measuring inter-temporal intragenerational mobility: an application to the Italian labour market

Aim of the paper is to provide a new class of mobility indices that takes into account the inter-temporal status movements over more than two periods of time. The index is obtained in two steps. First, an individual inter-temporal individual mobility index is provided, which allows also for analysis of upward and downward mobility. Since memory plays an important role when an individual makes comparisons with his past, a discount factor has been introduced. Secondly, individual mobility indicators are aggregated over all the population, in order to obtain an index that allows for comparisons among different societies. The empirical application analyzes the mobility of the occupational status in the Italian labour market within an inter-temporal framework, using the Italian Compulsory Communications system data

Spatial pricing, optimal location and social welfare with consumer arbitrage

R32, R38,

Measuring market power when firms price discriminate

This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Empirical Economics. The final authenticated version is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00181-017-1251-4© 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg. We propose conduct parameter-based market power measures within a model of price discrimination, extending work by Hazledine (Econ Lett 93:413–420, 2006) and Kutlu (Econ Lett 117:540–543, 2012) to certain forms of second-degree price discrimination. We use our model to estimate the market power of US airlines in a price discrimination environment. We find that a slightly modified version of our original theoretical measure is positively related to market concentration. Moreover, on average, market power for high-end segment is greater than that of low-end segment

Change in intergenerational economic mobility in Norway: conventional versus joint classifications of economic origin

Economic mobility, Inequality, Intergenerational transmission, Trends, Classification of economic status,