Recognising anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder in cardiac patients

Research has established that anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are risk factors for the development of heart disease in healthy populations. In addition, anxiety and PTSD are associated with further morbidity in people with existing heart disease. This article considers whether anxiety and PTSD influence onset and recovery from heart disease. Clinical implications for cardiac nursing are considered, including screening, treatment, and referral on to specialist services

About Photo-damage Of Human Hair

This paper reviews the current knowledge about human hair photodamage and the photodegradation mechanisms proposed in the literature. It is shown that there are still a number of questions without answer regarding this issue. For example, a better understanding of the hair structural changes caused by different radiation wavelengths is still lacking. We also find controversies about the effects of sun exposure on different hair types. Explanations to these questions are frequently sustained on the amount and type of melanin of each hair, but factors such as the absence of knowledge of melanin structure and of established methodologies to use in human hair studies make it difficult to reach a general agreement on these issues. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and Owner Societies 2006.52165169Hoting, E., Zimmermann, M., Hocker, H., Photochemical alterations on human hair. Part II. Analysis of melanin (1995) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 46, pp. 181-190Pande, C.M., Jachowicz, J., Hair photodamage: Measurement and prevention (1998) J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem., 49, pp. 309-320Ultraviolet Radiation (1994) Environmental Health Criteria 160, , World Health OrganizationOzeki, Ito, S., Wakamatsu, K., Chemical Characterization of melanins in sheep wool and human hair (1996) Pigm. Cell Res., 9 (2), pp. 51-57Borges, C.R., Roberts, J.C., Wilkins, D.G., Rollins, D.E., Relationship of melanin degradation products to actual melanin content. Application to human hair (2001) Anal. Biochem., 290, pp. 116-125Borovansky, J., Elleder, M., Melanosome Degradation: Fact or Fiction (2003) Pigm. Cell Res., 16, pp. 280-286Pfau, A., Hössel, P., Vogt, S., Sander, R., Schrepp, W., The interaction of cationic polymers with human hair (1997) Macromol. Symp., 126, pp. 241-252Smith, G.J., New trends in photobiology: Photodegradation of keratin and other structural proteins (1995) J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 27, pp. 187-198Robbins, C.R., (2002) Chemical and Physical Behavior of Human Hair, , Springer-Verlag, New York, 4th ednZuidema, P., Govaert, L.E., Baaijens, F.P.T., Ackermans, P.A.J., Asvadi, S., The influence of humidity on the viscoelastic bahaviour of human hair (2003) Biorheology, 40, pp. 431-439Barnicot, N.A., Birbeck, M.S.C., The electron microscopy of human melanocytes and melanin granules (1958) The Biology of Hair Growth, pp. 239-252. , ed. W. Montagna and R. A. Ellis, Academic Press, New YorkVan Der Mei, I.A.F., Blizzard, L., Stankovich, J., Ponsonby, A.-L., Dwyer, T., Misclassification due to body hair a seasonal variation on melanin density estimates for skin type using spectrophotometry (2002) J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 68, pp. 45-52Draelos, Z.D., The biology of hair care (2000) Dermatol. Clin., 18, pp. 651-658Wolfram, L.J., Human hair: A unique physicochemical composite (2003) J. Am. Acad. Dermatol., 48, pp. S106-S114Sarna, T., Sealy, R.C., Photoinduced oxygen consumption in melanin systems. Action spectra and quantum yields for eumelanin and synthetic melanin (1984) Photochem. Photobiol., 39, pp. 69-74Nogueira, A.C.S., Joekes, I., Hair color changes and protein damage caused by ultraviolet radiation (2004) J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 74 (2-3), pp. 109-117Bruls, W.A.G., Slaper, H., Van Der Leun, J.C., Berrens, L., Transmission of human epidermis and stratum corneum as a function of thickness in the ultraviolet and visible regions (1984) Photochem. Photobiol., 40 (4), pp. 485-494Braida, D., Dubief, C., Lang, G., Photoageing of hair fiber and photoprotection (1994) Skin Pharmacol., 7 (1-2), pp. 73-77Signori, V., Review of the current understanding of the effect of ultraviolet and visible radiation on hair structure and options for photoprotection (2004) J. Cosmet. Sci., 55, pp. 95-113Ratnapandian, S., Warner, S.B., Kamath, Y.K., Photodegradation of human hair (1998) J. Cosmet. Sci., 49, pp. 309-320Ruetsch, S.B., Kamath, Y., Weigmann, H., Photodegradation of human hair: A microscopy study (2001) Sun Protection in Man, pp. 175-205. , ed. P. U. Giacomoni, Elsevier, AmsterdamCheun, W.L., The chemical structure of melanin (2004) Pigm. Cell Res., 17, pp. 422-424Prota, G., (1992) Melanins and Melanogenesis, , Academic Press Inc, LondonMargalith, P.Z., (1992) Pigment Microbiology, , Chapman and Hall, LondonTolgyesi, E., Weathering of hair (1983) Cosmet. Toiletries, 98, pp. 29-33Agache, P.G., Quencez, E., The mechanism of solar erythema (1988) J. Appl. Cosmetol., 6, pp. 69-78Draelos, Z.D., The biology of hair care (2000) Dermatol. Clin., 18, pp. 651-658Andrady, A.L., Hamid, S.H., Hu, X., Torikai, A., Effects of increased solar ultraviolet radiation on materials (1998) J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 46, pp. 96-103Müller, U., Rätzsch, M., Schwanninger, M., Steiner, M., Zöbl, H., Yellowing and IR-changes of spruce wood as result of UV-irradiation (2003) J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 69, pp. 97-105O'Connell, R.A., Walden, M.K., Influence of ionizing radiation on wool fiber properties (1957) Text. Res. J., 27, pp. 516-518Jones, D.C., Carr, C.M., Cooke, W.D., Lewis, D.M., Investigating the photo-oxidation of wool using FT-Raman and FT-IR spectroscopies (1998) Text. Res. J., 68, pp. 739-748Dunlop, J.I., Nicholls, C.H., Electron spin resonance studies of ultraviolet irradiated keratin and related proteins (1965) Photochem. Photobiol., 4, pp. 881-890Davidson, R.S., The photodegradation of some naturally occurring polymers (1996) J. Photochem. Photobiol., B, 33, pp. 3-25Smith, G.J., The effect of light at different wavelengths on electron spin resonance in wool (1976) Text. Res. J., 46, pp. 510-513Smith, G.J., Claridge, R.F.C., Smith, C.J., The action spectra of free radicals produced by the irradiation of keratin containing bound iron(III) ions (1979) Photochem. 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Tire Rubber-cement Composites: Effect Of Slag On Properties [compósites De Cimento - Borracha De Pneus: Efeito Da Escória Nas Propriedades]

Tire rubber-cement composites prepared with type I and three slag-modified cements were studied. Flexural strength, water sorption and resistance to acid attack of specimens were investigated. A decrease in modulus of rupture (MOR) is observed for all specimens containing rubber, when compared with specimens without rubber (controls). The MOR increases with the increase of the hydraulic activity of the slag upon undistinguishable from specimens prepared with type I cement. This behavior is observed for all slag-cements pastes and for mortars control specimens. For mortar specimens with rubber the MOR is independent of the cement type used. A reduction in water sorption is observed for control and with-rubber mortar specimens prepared with all slag-cements, when compared to type I cement. For mortar specimens with rubber, the lower the basicity of the slag, the lesser the water sorption of the composites. These results denote lower porosity and consequently better rubber-matrix adhesion for these specimens. Also, a smaller rate of water sorption is observed for specimens with rubber, particularly for specimens prepared with the less basic slag cements, when comparing with the controls. Results of acid attack to the slag modified mortars indicate that specimen susceptibility is governed not only by microstructural aspects, like porosity and permeability, but also by chemical aspects as the difference in alkali content or the amount of unreacted slag in the specimens.52324283292Lee, B.I., Burnett, L., Miller, T., Postage, P., Cuneo, J., (1993) J. Mater. Sci. Lett, 12, p. 967I. B. Topçu, Gem. Conor. Res. 25 (1995) 304Raghavan, D., Huynh, H., Ferraris, C.F., (1998) J. Mater. Sci, 33, p. 1745Bignozzi, M.C., Saccani, A., Sandrolini, F., (2000) Composites A, 31, p. 97Raghavan, D., (2000) J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 77, p. 934M. Nehdi, A. Khan, Cem. Concr. Aggregates 23 (2001) 3Hernandez-Olivares, F., Barluenga, G., Bollati, M., Witoszek, B., (2002) Cem. Concr. Res, 32, p. 1587N. Segre, I. Joekes, Gem. Concr. Res. 30 (2000) 1421(2001) Lea's Chemistry of Cement and Concrete, , P. C. Hewlett Ed, 4 th Ed, Butterworth Heinemann, OxfordMyers, D., (1999) Surfaces, Interfaces, and Colloids-Principles and Applications, , 2nd Ed, John Wiley & Sons, New YorkBikerman, J.J., (1961) The Science of Adhesive Joints, , Academic Press, New YorkMindess, S., Interfaces in concrete (1989) Materials Science of Concrete I, p. 163. , J.P. Skalny Ed, The Am. Ceram. Soc, Westerville, OHLuke, K., Glasser, F.P., (1987) Cem. Concr. Res, 17, p. 273M. A. Cincotto, A. F. Battagin, V. Agopyan, Bulletin 65, Ed.: Institute for Technological Research, IPT, S. Paulo, Brazil (1992)ASTM C150 - Standard specification for Portland cement, American Society for Testing and Materials (1995)- Standard specification for blended hydraulic cements (1994), ASTM C595, American Society for Testing and MaterialsMindess, S., Young, J.F., (1981) Concrete, , Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New JerseyMehta, P.K., Monteiro, P.J.M., (1993) Concrete: Structure, Properties and Materials, , 2nd Ed, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New JerseyGriffith, A.A., (1920) Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. A, 221, p. 163Birchall, J.D., Howard, A.J., Kendall, K., (1981) Nature, 289, p. 388Martins, M.A., Mattoso, L.H.C., (2004) J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 91, p. 670Lumley, J.S., Gollop, R.S., Moir, G.K., Taylor, H.F.W., (1996) Cem. Concr. Res, 26, p. 139Glasser, F.P., Chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural changes occurring in hydrates slag-cement blends (1991) Materials Science of Concrete II, p. 41. , J. P. Skalny, S. Mindess Eds, The Am. Ceram. Soc, Westerville, OHSegre, N., Monteiro, P.J.M., Sposito, G., (2002) J. Colloid Interface Sci, 248, p. 521Falcon, P., Adenot, F., Jacquinot, J.F., Petit, J.C., Cabrillac, R., Jordas, M., (1998) Cem. Conor. Res, 28, p. 847Israel, D., Macphee, D.E., Lachowski, E.E., (1997) J. Mater. Sci, 32, p. 4109Chandra, S., (1988) Cem. Conor. Res, 18, p. 193Zivica, V., Bajza, A., (2001) Constr. Build. Mater, 15, p. 331Pavlik, V., (1994) Cem. Conor. Res, 24, pp. 551-562Debelie, N., Verselder, H.J., Deblaere, B., Vannieuwenburg, D., Verschoore, R., (1996) Cem. Conor. Res, 26, p. 1717Shi, C., Stegemann, J.A., (2000) Cem. Conor. Res, 30, p. 803Zivica, V., Bajza, A., (2002) Constr. Build. Mater, 16, p. 215Deceukelaire, L., (1992) Cem. Conor. Res, 22, p. 903A. Macias, S. Goni, J. Madrid, Cem. Conor. Res. 29 (1999) 2005J. Hill, E. A. Byars, J. H. Sharp, C. J. Lynsdale, J. C. Cripps, Q. Zhou, Cem. Conor. Compos. 25 (2003) 997Hobbs, D.W., (2001) Int. Mater. Rev, 46, p. 11

Herramientas de monitoreo y control estadístico de atributos en procesos de alta calidad: estudio de resultados, implementación computacional y aplicación práctica

Tesis (DCI)--FCEFN-UNC, 2016Investiga los procedimientos posibles más adecuados y eficientes para el monitoreo y control estadístico de atributos en procesos de alta calidad, en función de la magnitud de los parámetros, el diseño de la muestra y las medidas de desempeño sobre la base de un estudio comparativo de resultados. Desarrolla medios propios de implementación computacional de estos procedimientos y aplicarlos a datos simulados y a datos provenientes de procesos industriales de interés práctico

Gender and Livelihoods in Northern Pakistan

This article reports on research done in 1993-94 in the Hunza and Nagar districts in the Karakorum mountains in the Northern Areas of Pakistan. It was designed to explore whether increasing demands on women's labour inputs in an ecologically stressed area undergoing population growth might be prejudicing sustainable use of natural resources and, further, whether project interventions that succeeded in delivering resources to women might, by relieving their time constraints, contribute to environmental sustainability as a result. A study in Nepal had convincingly demonstrated that in a comparable (though not exactly similar) environment, resource degradation was leading women to take short cuts in cultivation methods that were undermining the maintenence of soil fertility under traditional cultivation methods (Kumar and Hotchkiss 1988). If a similar situation obtained in Northern Pakistan, more attention to gender analysis of production systems in ecologically fragile areas, and the direction of more resources specifically to women, might be generally warranted on environmental grounds.European Research Council (ERC

Compensatory and mimetic conditioned responses to effects of heroin in addicted persons

Study 1: The aim of this study was to analyze in persons detoxified of heroin, compensatory conditioned responses (CCRs) that are opposite to the unconditioned physiological, and subjective effects that are induced by this substance. The procedure consisted in presenting slides with images of neutral stimuli (NSs) and conditioned stimuli (CSs) of heroin to both non-addicted and detoxified addicted persons. The evaluated responses were heart rate (HR) and desire for heroin (DH). Study 2: The aim was to facilitate the emission of mimetic conditioned responses (MCRs) to the unconditioned physiological, and subjective effects of heroin in detoxified heroin addicts. Three different stimulus series were manipulated: SA, during which the participant remained alone; SB, administration of a needle prick given by the researcher; SC, performance of the 'pump' ritual without drug by the participants. The responses measured were HR and DH. The results of both studies are considered, respectively, to be indicators of compensatory and mimetic conditioned responses

Effects of dietary lipids on cell proliferation of murine oral mucosa.

Background: The lack of certain essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) induces perturbation in cell proliferation, apoptosis and dedifferentiation that could be linked to an increased protumorigenic trend. Contrarily, n-3 essential fatty acids (EFAs) arrest cell proliferation in several tumor models. According to the concept of field cancerization, multiple patches of abnormal epithelial proliferation may coexist in the vicinity of oropharyngeal neoplasms. The purpose of the present study is to determine whether certain dietary PUFAs differentially modulate the patterns of cell proliferation and apoptosis at non-tumoral sites of the oral mucosa in mice bearing DMBA induced salivary tumors. After weaning, BALB/c mice were assigned to four diets: Control (C), Corn Oil (CO), Fish (FO) and Olein (O). Two weeks later, DMBA was injected into the submandibular area. The animals were sacrificed between 94 and 184 days at 4–6 PM. Fixed samples of lip, tongue and palate were stained using H-E and a silver technique. A quantification of AgNORs in the basal (BS) and suprabasal stratum (SBS) of the covering squamous epithelia as well as of mitosis and apoptosis was performed. Results: Analysis of Variance showed greater proliferation in tongue than in palate or lip. According to the diet, a significant difference was found in the Fish Oil, in which palate exhibited fewer AgNOR particles than that of the control group, both for BS and SBS (p < 0.05 and 0.152, respectively), indicating a reduced cell proliferation. Conclusions: These results corroborate and reaffirm that the patterns of cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation of the oral stratified squamous epithelium may be differentially modulated by dietary lipids, and arrested by n-3 fatty acids, as shown in several other cell populations.publishedVersio

Anticipatory conditioned responses to subjective and physiological effects of heroin in addicted persons

Study 1: The aim of this experiment was to analyze in persons detoxified of heroin, conditioned responses (CRs) that are opposite to the unconditioned physiological and subjective effects that are induced by this substance. The basic procedure consisted in presenting slides with images of neutral stimuli (NSs) and conditioned stimuli (CSs) of heroin to both non-addicted and detoxified addicted persons. The evaluated responses were conductance (C) and self-perception of abstinence symptoms (SAS). The results are considered to be indicators of compensatory conditioned responses (CCRs) (conditioned abstinence). Study 2: The aim of this experiment was to facilitate the emission of mimetic conditioned responses (MCRs) to the unconditioned subjective effects of heroin in detoxified heroin addicts. Three different stimulus series were manipulated: SA, during which the participant remained alone; SB, administration of a needle prick given by the researcher; SC, performance of the «pump» ritual without drug by the participants. The response measured was SAS. The results are considered to be indicators of MCRs. The results of both studies are discussed in the context of the environmental specificity model of anticipatory responses to the effects of drugs.Estudio 1: El objetivo de este experimento fue analizar en personas desintoxicadas a la heroína respuestas condicionadas (RCs) opuestas a ciertos efectos fisiológicos y subjetivos de esta droga. El procedimiento consistió en presentar diapositivas con imágenes de estímulos neutros (ENs) y estímulos condicionados (ECs) de la heroína a personas no adictas y a personas adictas desintoxicadas. Las respuestas evaluadas fueron conductancia (C) y autopercepción de síntomas de abstinencia (ASA). Los resultados se consideraron como indicadores de respuestas condicionadas compensatorias de los efectos de la heroína (abstinencia condicionada). Estudio 2: El objetivo de este experimento fue facilitar en personas adictas desintoxicadas a la heroína la emisión de respuestas condicionadas miméticas (RCMs) de los efectos subjetivos incondicionados de la heroína. Para ello se utilizaron tres series estimulares: SA, serie control; SB, el investigador administra un leve pinchazo; SC, el participante realiza el ritual de “bombeo” sin droga. La respuesta medida fue ASA. Los datos obtenidos se consideraron como indicadores de RCMs. Los resultados de ambos estudios se discutieron desde el modelo de la especificidad ambiental de las respuestas anticipatorias de los efectos de las drogas.Estudo 1: O objectivo desta experiência foi analisar em pessoas desintoxicadas de heroína, respostas condicionadas que são opostas a certos efeitos incondicionados fisiológicos e subjectivos desta droga. O procedimento consistiu em apresentar diapositivos com imagens de estímulos neutros (ENs) e estímulos condicionados (ECs) da heroína a pessoas não aditas e a pessoas aditas desintoxicadas. As respostas avaliadas foram condutância (C) e autopercepção de sintomas de abstinência (ASA). Os resultados consideraram-se como indicadores de respostas condicionadas compensatórias dos efeitos da heroína (abstinência condicionada). Estudo 2: O objectivo desta experiência foi facilitar em pessoas aditas desintoxicadas da heroína a emissão de respostas condicionadas miméticas (RCMs) dos efeitos subjectivos incondicionados da heroína. Para isso utilizaram-se três séries de estímulos: SA, série controlo; SB, o investigador administra uma leve picada; SC, o participante realiza o ritual de “bombear” sem droga. A resposta medida foi ASA. Os dados obtidos consideraram-se como indicadores de RCMs. Os resultados de ambos os estudos são discutidos a partir do modelo da especificidade ambiental das respostas antecipatórias dos efeitos das drogas