From optical spectra to phase diagrams — the binary mixture N2–CO

We investigated the T–c% phase diagram of the binary system N2–CO. From changes in IR spectra of all kinds of mode excitations (phonons, vibrons) we were able to determine the temperature of phase transitions (solid–solid, solid–liquid). The improvements in comparison to structural investigations by x-rays or electrons are the following: sample growing and handling with perfect optical and thermodynamic quality; determination of actual concentration (N2)x(CO)y from optical spectra; reduction of thermal hysteresis by careful cooling–heating cycles of the samples

Religion and Modern Science:

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Risk evaluation in tunneling excavation methods

Risk management is of paramount importance for the success of tunneling works and it is linked to the main excavation methods used: the Conventional Excavation Method (CEM) and the Tunnel Boring Machine Method (TBM). Considering the importance of the ?Safety and Health? criterion for the choice of the excavation method, the fact that this criterion is usually mostly focused on the structural component, and taking in account that there is no research showing the advantages of one of the methods over the other, this research intends to conduct a comparative risk analysis between both methods, taking into consideration the different constraints that might appear. In order for this comparison to hold true, a risk evaluation is presented, analysing 12 risks and 4 risk factors in 3 phases, so that the impact of the different variables can really be appraised. This research is made in a scenario of the construction of a 3.5 km-long tunnel in a non-urban area, with an unproblematic rock mass. The final result will be a detailed analysis of the influence of ?Safety and Health? criteria, useful for both the technical and the scientific community, something that has never been done before.(undefined)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio