Root Canal Anatomy of Maxillary and Mandibular Teeth

It is a common knowledge that a comprehensive understanding of the complexity of the internal anatomy of teeth is imperative to ensure successful root canal treatment. The significance of canal anatomy has been emphasized by studies demonstrating that variations in canal geometry before cleaning, shaping, and obturation procedures had a greater effect on the outcome than the techniques themselves. In recent years, significant technological advances for imaging teeth, such as CBCT and micro-CT, respectively, have been introduced. Their noninvasive nature allows to perform in vivo anatomical studies using large populations to address the influence of several variables such as ethnicity, aging, gender, and others, on the root canal anatomy, as well as to evaluate, quantitatively and/or qualitatively, specific and fine anatomical features of a tooth group. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize the morphological aspects of the root canal anatomy published in the literature of all groups of teeth and illustrate with three-dimensional images acquired from micro-CT technology.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Attention Demands in the Workplace and the Capacity to Direct Attention of Nurses Demandas de atención en el ambiente de trabajo y la capacidad del enfermero de dirigir su atención Demandas de atenção no ambiente de trabalho e capacidade de direcionar atenção do enfermeiro

This was a descriptive, correlational study designed to evaluate the capacity to direct attention (CDA) of the nurse and to verify an association between the CDA and attention demand situations. For data collection the instruments used were: the Attentional Function Index and the Directed Attention Demands. The participants were 169 nurses of a teaching hospital in the State of São Paulo. The mean perception of performance or CDA was 60.4 which differed between the variables: unit of work (p=0.013), work hours (p=0.044), presence of health problems (p=0.026) and problems of a psychological nature (p=0.005). There was a negative association between the situations of demand and CDA (r = - 0.294, p<0.0001). It was concluded that nurses showed good CDA, which was related to some professional and demographic variables, and the higher the attentional demands, the lower the CDA.<br>Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y correlacional que tuvo por objetivo evaluar la capacidad que tiene el enfermero de dirigir su atención (CDA) y verificar se hay asociación entre CDA y situaciones de demanda de atención. Para la recolección de datos se utilizó los instrumentos: Attentional Function Index y Demandas de Atención. Participaron del estudio 169 enfermeros de un hospital de enseñanza del interior del estado de Sao Paulo. El promedio de la percepción de desempeño (CDA) fue de 60,4 y tuvo resultados diferentes entre las variables: unidad de trabajo (p=0,013); carga horaria (p=0,044); presencia de algún problema de salud (p=0,026) y problema de orden psicológico (p=0,005). Existe una asociación negativa entre las situaciones de demanda y CDA (r=- 0,294; p<0,0001). Se concluye que los enfermeros presentaron buena CDA, la cual es influenciada por aspectos demográficos y profesionales y que cuanto más grandes son las situaciones de demanda de atención, menor es la CDA.<br>Este é um estudo descritivo e correlacional, cujo objetivo foi avaliar a capacidade de direcionar atenção (CDA) do enfermeiro e verificar se há associação entre CDA e as situações de demanda de atenção. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizados os instrumentos: Attentional Function Index e Demandas de Atenção. Participaram do estudo 169 enfermeiros de um hospital de ensino do interior do Estado de São Paulo. A média da percepção de desempenho, ou CDA, foi de 60,4 e diferiu entre as variáveis: unidade de trabalho (p=0,013), carga horária (p=0,044), presença de algum problema de saúde (p=0,026) e problema de cunho psicológico (p=0,005). Existe associação negativa entre as situações de demanda e CDA (r=-0,294; p<0,0001). Conclui-se que os enfermeiros apresentaram boa CDA, influenciada por aspectos demográficos e profissionais e que quanto maior as situações de demanda de atenção menor a CDA