Influence of Physical Raking and Biological Process in the Mud-water Exchange Dynamics of P in Fish Culture Ponds

Experiment was conducted in the laboratory using radioactive 32P for ascertaining the dynamics and quantifying the exchangeable amount of P between sediment and water phase under the influence of physicalraking and biological processes. Collected sediment (100 g) was dispensed in a glass beaker and treated with radioactive 32P after reaction with CaCO3. Each beaker filled with 250 ml tap water. Four different treatments: physical raking once (RO), repeated raking (RR), bacteria (Bacillus, 167 X 102 ml-1) inoculum (BI) and bacteriainoculum (Bacillus, 167 X 102 ml-1) plus repeated raking (BI + RR) were used in the study. Water samples were collected and tested for specific activity of radioactive 32P, concentration of orthophosphate and count of heterotrophic bacterial (HB) population. The 32P value of BI+RR treatment was 20, 25, 37 and 56% higher than BI,RR, RO and control, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that synergistic effect of bacteria inoculum plus repeated raking (BI + RR) released maximum amount of phosphorus than the rest three treatments. Critical appraisal of data clearly revealed four states of dynamic of 32P between sediment and overlaying water: initial rapid increase of 32P level in water - rapid desorption period (RDP) from day 0 to 12, slow increase of 32P level of water - slow desorption period (SDP) from day >12 to 55, the 32P moves to sediment resulting in decrease 32P level in water - absorption period (AP) from day >55 to 90 and steady period (SP) from day >90 to 124, when 32P concentration of water and sediment supposed to be equal indicating no movement of 32P occurred between the water and sedimentphase

Development of paediatric non-stage prognosticator guidelines for population-based cancer registries and updates to the 2014 Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines

Population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) generate measures of cancer incidence and survival that are essential for cancer surveillance, research, and cancer control strategies. In 2014, the Toronto Paediatric Cancer Stage Guidelines were developed to standardise how PBCRs collect data on the stage at diagnosis for childhood cancer cases. These guidelines have been implemented in multiple jurisdictions worldwide to facilitate international comparative studies of incidence and outcome. Robust stratification by risk also requires data on key non-stage prognosticators (NSPs). Key experts and stakeholders used a modified Delphi approach to establish principles guiding paediatric cancer NSP data collection. With the use of these principles, recommendations were made on which NSPs should be collected for the major malignancies in children. The 2014 Toronto Stage Guidelines were also reviewed and updated where necessary. Wide adoption of the resultant Paediatric NSP Guidelines and updated Toronto Stage Guidelines will enhance the harmonisation and use of childhood cancer data provided by PBCRs

Storage induced changes in coliform, heterotrophic groups of bacteria and nutrient levels of human urine for its safe use in biological production

544-548Human urine is a potential source of various nutrients, minerals and trace elements. Its use as a fertilizer is growing popular among farmers. Here, we examined the pattern of changes in the counts of coliform, heterotrophic bacteria as well as physico-chemical characteristics of human urine during different days of storage under closed conditions at ambient temperature. We observed that after 253 days of storage under closed condition, the coliform counts were reduced significantly and remained within the safe limit to be used as fertilizer. With increase in storage period, the concentration of phosphate showed decline coupled with rise in pH, alkalinity and electrical conductance. Our study revealed that human urine can be used as safe fertilizer after 8 months of storage under closed conditions at ambient temperature ranging 25-35ºC

Positive synergistic impacts of greenhouse temperature and manure driven total environment on breeding success of Tilapia during winter

96-104Global warming and climate change are though known for widespread negative impacts, they do have beneficial as well, but are less known. Here, we studied the interactive impacts of greenhouse mediated raised temperature and manure driven decomposition-cum-total environment on reproductive success of cichlid fish tilapia. Fishes were kept in holding tanks (300 L) placed inside and outside the solar heated structure (modular green house) using identical and comparable doses of organic manure in triplicate during the winter. The manure selected were: (a) cattle manure and saw dust; (b) poultry droppings and saw dust; (c) vermicompost and saw dust; (d) mixed manure with cattle manure, poultry droppings, vermicompost and saw dust; isocarbonic states maintained with (e) vermicompost, and (f) with poultry droppings. Equal number of adult male (8) and female (8) tilapia (1:1) were introduced per tank and reared for 90 days. Water and sediment samples were collected weekly and analyzed for different parameters. Net increment of body weight and production of fry per tank were recorded. Survival of fish was about 10% higher under greenhouse condition compared to ambient air temperature outside. The synergistic effects of manure driven water quality-food resource complex and temperature appeared to be more important than the impact of temperature alone in selecting the treatment that developed the total benign environment and induced tilapia to spawn during winter. The carbon burial rate dependent soil organic carbon had been significantly increased as a consequence of greenhouse effect