Multiple paths to aquatic specialisation in four species of Central American Anolis lizards

Aquatic anoles present an interesting ecomorphological puzzle. On the one hand, the link between habitat use and morphology is well established as convergent within the Caribbean anole radiation. On the other hand, aquatic anoles do not appear to form an ecomorphological group - rather, it appears that there may be several ways to adapt to aquatic habitats. We explore this issue by examining the ecology, morphology and performance of four species of Central American aquatic anoles belonging to two different lineages. Overall, we find that aquatic anoles overlap in multiple ecological and morphological dimensions. However, we do find some differences in substrate use, claw and limb morphology, and bite force that distinguish Anolis aquaticus from the other three species (A. lionotus, A. oxylophus and A. poecilopus). Our results suggest that A. aquaticus is adapted to climb on boulders, whereas the other species utilise vegetation in streamside habitats

chapter 10 Thin oxide films as model systems for heterogeneous catalysts

This chapter summarizes efforts to use thin oxide films as model supports for heterogeneous catalysts. We demonstrate that the oxide film route provides a useful platform to study oxide surfaces, per se its interaction with species from the gas phase, supported metal and oxide nanoparticles using the entire tool box of surfaces science under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The extension to use thin oxide films as template also under ambient conditions or under water, is discussed and the potential to use oxide films as genuine two-dimensional materials is exemplified with vitreous and crystalline silica films