1,035 research outputs found
Analysis on Effect Decomposition of Industrial COD Emission
AbstractIn this paper, which is based on the effect decomposition model of the emission of pollutants, the change of the industrial COD emission is researched, and a quantitative analysis is carried out for the scale effect, structure effect and technology effect of the industrial COD emission change. The driving factors and causes for this kind of change are identified and the contribution of the three kinds of effects on the pollution reduction is analyzed. The results show that the gradually increasing scale effect is a major factor causing increasing stress on the pollution reduction. The structure effect which is overall low indicates that the activities of optimization and adjustment for the industrial structure have no significant effect. The increment of the generalized technology effect is a main reason for the reduction of the pollution emission. Wherein, the upgrading of industrial technology and the development of scale economy make a great contribution to reduction of pollution. It is an important way to realize the target of pollution reduction by using clean technology effect to offset the new emission and reducing the stock with pollution control effect
Evolution of asexual and sexual reproduction in the aspergilli
Aspergillus nidulans has long-been used as a model organism to gain insights into the genetic basis of asexual and sexual developmental processes both in
other members of the genus Aspergillus, and filamentous fungi in general. Paradigms have been established concerning the regulatory mechanisms of conidial
development. However, recent studies have shown considerable genome divergence in the fungal kingdom, questioning the general applicability of findings from
Aspergillus, and certain longstanding evolutionary theories have been questioned. The phylogenetic distribution of key regulatory elements of asexual reproduction in
A. nidulans was investigated in a broad taxonomic range of fungi. This revealed that some proteins were well conserved in the Pezizomycotina (e.g. AbaA, FlbA, FluG,
NsdD, MedA, and some velvet proteins), suggesting similar developmental roles. However, other elements (e.g. BrlA) had a more restricted distribution solely in the
Eurotiomycetes, and it appears that the genetic control of sporulation seems to be more complex in the aspergilli than in some other taxonomic groups of the
Pezizomycotina. The evolution of the velvet protein family is discussed based on the history of expansion and contraction events in the early divergent fungi. Heterologous expression of the A. nidulans abaA gene in Monascus ruber failed to induce development of complete conidiophores as seen in the aspergilli, but did result in
increased conidial production. The absence of many components of the asexual developmental pathway from members of the Saccharomycotina supports the hypothesis
that differences in the complexity of their spore formation is due in part to the increased diversity of the sporulation machinery evident in the Pezizomycotina. Investigations were also made into the evolution of sex and sexuality in the aspergilli. MAT loci were identified from the heterothallic Aspergillus (Emericella) heterothallicus
and Aspergillus (Neosartorya) fennelliae and the homothallic Aspergillus pseudoglaucus (=Eurotium repens). A consistent architecture of the MAT locus was seen in
these and other heterothallic aspergilli whereas much variation was seen in the arrangement of MAT loci in homothallic aspergilli. This suggested that it is most likely that
the common ancestor of the aspergilli exhibited a heterothallic breeding system. Finally, the supposed prevalence of asexuality in the aspergilli was examined. Investigations were made using A. clavatus as a representative ‘asexual’ species. It was possible to induce a sexual cycle in A. clavatus given the correct MAT1-1 and
MAT1-2 partners and environmental conditions, with recombination confirmed utilising molecular markers. This indicated that sexual reproduction might be possible in
many supposedly asexual aspergilli and beyond, providing general insights into the nature of asexuality in fungi.National Natural Science Foundation of China 31601446National Research Foundation of Korea 2016010945Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center of Global Frontier Projects 2015M3A6A8065838Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research CouncilGovernment of IraqMinisterio de Economía y Competitividad BIO2015-67148-
Energy levels and far-infrared spectroscopy for two electrons in a semiconductor nanoring
The effects of electron-electron interaction of a two-electron nanoring on
the energy levels and far-infrared (FIR) spectroscopy have been investigated
based on a model calculation which is performed within the exactly numerical
diagonalization. It is found that the interaction changes the energy spectra
dramatically, and also shows significant influence on the FIR spectroscopy. The
crossings between the lowest spin-singlet and triplet states induced by the
coulomb interaction are clearly revealed. Our results are related to the
experiment recently carried out by A. Lorke et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 2223
(2000)].Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, revised and accepted by Phys. Rev. B (Dec. 15
Anomalous acoustic reflection on a sliding interface or a shear band
We study the reflection of an acoustic plane wave from a steadily sliding
planar interface with velocity strengthening friction or a shear band in a
confined granular medium. The corresponding acoustic impedance is utterly
different from that of the static interface. In particular, the system being
open, the energy of an in-plane polarized wave is no longer conserved, the work
of the external pulling force being partitioned between frictional dissipation
and gain (of either sign) of coherent acoustic energy. Large values of the
friction coefficient favor energy gain, while velocity strengthening tends to
suppress it. An interface with infinite elastic contrast (one rigid medium) and
V-independent (Coulomb) friction exhibits spontaneous acoustic emission, as
already shown by M. Nosonovsky and G.G. Adams (Int. J. Ing. Sci., {\bf 39},
1257 (2001)). But this pathology is cured by any finite elastic contrast, or by
a moderately large V-strengthening of friction.
We show that (i) positive gain should be observable for rough-on-flat
multicontact interfaces (ii) a sliding shear band in a granular medium should
give rise to sizeable reflection, which opens a promising possibility for the
detection of shear localization.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure
System-size scan of dihadron azimuthal correlations in ultra-relativistic heavy ion collisions
System-size dependence of dihadron azimuthal correlations in
ultra-relativistic heavy ion collision is simulated by a multi-phase transport
model. The structure of correlation functions and yields of associated
particles show clear participant path-length dependences in collision systems
with a partonic phase. The splitting parameter and root-mean-square width of
away-side correlation functions increase with collision system size from
N+N to Au+Au collisions. The double-peak
structure of away-side correlation functions can only be formed in sufficient
"large" collision systems under partonic phase. The contrast between the
results with partonic phase and with hadron gas could suggest some hints to
study onset of deconfinment.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, 1 table; Nucl. Phys. A (accepted
Self-generated magnetic flux in YBaCuO grain boundaries
Grain boundaries in YBaCuO superconducting films are
considered as Josephson junctions with a critical current density
alternating along the junction. A self-generated magnetic flux is treated both
analytically and numerically for an almost periodic distribution of .
We obtained a magnetic flux-pattern similar to the one which was recently
observed experimentally.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figure
Doublesex Evolution Is Correlated with Social Complexity in Ants.
The Dmrt (doublesex and mab-3-related transcription factor) genes are transcription factors crucial for sex determination and sexual differentiation. In some social insects, doublesex (dsx) exhibits widespread caste-specific expression across different tissues and developmental stages and has been suggested as a candidate gene for regulating division of labor in social insects. We therefore conducted a molecular evolution analysis of the Dmrt gene family in 20 ants. We found that the insect-specific oligomerization domain of DSX, oligomerization domain 2, was absent in all ants, except for the two phylogenetically basal ant species (Ponerinae), whose social structure and organization resemble the presumed ancestral condition in ants. Phylogenetic reconstruction and selection analysis revealed that dsx evolved faster than the other three members of the Dmrt family. We found evidence for positive selection for dsx in the ant subfamilies with more advanced social organization (Myrmicinae and Formicinae), but not in the Ponerinae. Furthermore, we detected expression of two Dmrt genes, dsx and DMRT11E, in adult ants, and found a clear male-biased expression pattern of dsx in most species for which data are available. Interestingly, we did not detect male-biased expression of dsx in the two ant species that possess a genetic caste determination system. These results possibly suggest an association between the evolution of dsx and social organization as well as reproductive division of labor in ants
Three-Particle Correlations from Parton Cascades in Au+Au Collisions
We present a study of three-particle correlations among a trigger particle
and two associated particles in Au + Au collisions at = 200 GeV
using a multi-phase transport model (AMPT) with both partonic and hadronic
interactions. We found that three-particle correlation densities in different
angular directions with respect to the triggered particle (`center', `cone',
`deflected', `near' and `near-away') increase with the number of participants.
The ratio of `deflected' to `cone' density approaches to 1.0 with the
increasing of number of participants, which indicates that partonic Mach-like
shock waves can be produced by strong parton cascades in central Au+Au
collisions.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures; Final version to appear in Physics Letters
Electronic Structure of Transition-Metal Dicyanamides Me[N(CN)] (Me = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)
The electronic structure of Me[N(CN)] (Me=Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu)
molecular magnets has been investigated using x-ray emission spectroscopy (XES)
and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as theoretical
density-functional-based methods. Both theory and experiments show that the top
of the valence band is dominated by Me 3d bands, while a strong hybridization
between C 2p and N 2p states determines the valence band electronic structure
away from the top. The 2p contributions from non-equivalent nitrogen sites have
been identified using resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectroscopy with the
excitation energy tuned near the N 1s threshold. The binding energy of the Me
3d bands and the hybridization between N 2p and Me 3d states both increase in
going across the row from Me = Mn to Me = Cu. Localization of the Cu 3d states
also leads to weak screening of Cu 2p and 3s states, which accounts for shifts
in the core 2p and 3s spectra of the transition metal atoms. Calculations
indicate that the ground-state magnetic ordering, which varies across the
series is largely dependent on the occupation of the metal 3d shell and that
structural differences in the superexchange pathways for different compounds
play a secondary role.Comment: 20 pages, 11 figures, 2 table
Di-hadron azimuthal correlation and Mach-like cone structure in parton/hadron transport model
In the framework of a multi-phase transport model (AMPT) with both partonic
and hadronic interactions, azimuthal correlations between trigger particles and
associated scattering particles have been studied by the mixing-event
technique. The momentum ranges of these particles are
GeV/ and GeV/ (soft), or 4
GeV/ and GeV/ (hard) in Au + Au collisions at
= 200 GeV. A Mach-like structure has been observed in
correlation functions for central collisions. By comparing scenarios with and
without parton cascade and hadronic rescattering, we show that both partonic
and hadronic dynamical mechanisms contribute to the Mach-like structure of the
associated particle azimuthal correlations. The contribution of hadronic
dynamical process can not be ignored in the emergence of Mach-like correlations
of the soft scattered associated hadrons. However, hadronic rescattering alone
cannot reproduce experimental amplitude of Mach-like cone on away-side, and the
parton cascade process is essential to describe experimental amplitude of
Mach-like cone on away-side. In addition, both the associated multiplicity and
the sum of decrease, whileas the increases, with the impact
parameter in the AMPT model including partonic dynamics from string melting
scenario.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures; Physics Letters B 641, 362-367 (2006
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