22 research outputs found
Toxicity of nanoparticles
Nowadays more than thousands of different nanoparticles are known, though no well-defined guidelines to evaluate their potential toxicity and to control their exposure are fully provided. The way of entry of nanoparticles together with their specificities such as chemistry, chemical composition, size, shape or morphology, surface charge and area can influence their biological activities and effects. A specific property may give rise to either a safe particle or to a dangerous one. The small size allows nanoparticles to enter the body by crossing several barriers, to pass into the blood stream and lymphatic system from where they can reach organs and tissues and strictly interact with biological structures, thus damaging their normal functions in different ways. This review provides a summary of what is known on the toxicology related to the specificity of nanoparticles, both as technological tools or ambient pollutants. The aim is to highlight their potential hazard and to provide a balanced update on all the important questions and directions that should be focused in the near future
The meaning of aluminium exposure on human health and aluminium-related diseases
The aim of this review is to attempt to answer
extremely important questions related to aluminiumrelated
diseases. Starting from an overview on the main
sources of aluminium exposure in everyday life, the principal
aspects of aluminium metabolism in humans have
been taken into consideration in an attempt to enlighten
the main metabolic pathways utilised by trivalent metal
ions in different organs. The second part of this review is
focused on the available evidence concerning the pathogenetic
consequences of aluminium overload in human
health, with particular attention to its putative role in
bone and neurodegenerative human diseases