Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of the Internet Criminality

Trestněprávní a kriminologické aspekty internetové kriminality Klíčová slova: Internet, Trestní právo, Kriminologie Abstrakt (CZ): Internetová kriminalita je velice mladý fenomén, když internet v současné podobě byl představen teprve před cca 20 lety. To však neznamená, že by internetové trestné činy byly méně závažné nebo méně rozšířené než ostatní kriminální jednání. Masovost, relativní anonymita a narůstající globalizace internetu spolu s překotným rozvojem moderních technologií poskytují jak organizovanému zločinu, tak i jednotlivcům skvělý nástroj k páchání nejrůznějších forem trestné činnosti. Tato práce nemá sloužit vzhledem ke svému rozsahu k podrobné a všeobjímající analýze internetové kriminality. Cílem této práce je kriminologický rozbor společensky škodlivých jevů souvisejících s internetem, konkrétně původ těchto jevů ve společnosti, nejčastější způsob spáchání internetové kriminality, možnosti prevence a trestněprávní kvalifikace těchto jednání. Práce samotná je rozdělena do čtyř samostatných částí. První část obsahuje obecný úvod do problematiky internetové kriminality. Můžeme zde najít definici pojmů "internet", "internetová kriminalita" a její odlišení od pojmů "počítačová kriminalita" a "kybernetická kriminalita", stejně jako její další třídění. Dále tato část nabízí základní...Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of the Internet Criminality Key words: Internet, Criminal law, Criminology Abstract (EN): Internet criminality is a very young phenomenon; the internet itself was presented in the recent form only about 20 years ago. Nevertheless, the relative youth of the internet does not mean that the internet crimes are less serious or less prevalent than other criminal activities. The mass, relative anonymity and progressive globalization of the internet together with bustling development of computer technology provide both the organized crime and individuals with perfect means to commit all sorts of offences. With regard to its extant, this study is not supposed to serve as an overall and full detailed analysis of the internet criminality. The objective of this paper is a criminological description of socially dangerous phenomenons related to the internet, concretely the origin of these phenomenons in the society, the most frequent modus operandi of the internet crime, means of prevention and the criminal law qualification of the relevant criminal activities. The paper itself is divided into four separate parts. The first part contains a general introduction into the problems of internet criminality. We can find there a definition of the term "internet" and "internet...Department of Criminal LawKatedra trestního právaFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

Analysis of essentiality of glmM gene coding for phosphoglucosamine mutase of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Phosphoglucosamine mutase (GlmM) is an enzyme of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The main aim of this thesis was to find out, whether gene glmM is essential for viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, we prepared merodiploid strain containing two copies of glmM; the genomic gene and ectopic copy under control of zinc inducible promoter. Subsequently, depletion strain was prepared by deletion of genomic copy of glmM. This strain was further used for analysis of viability and phenotype features in the medium containing various concentrations of zinc ions, an inducer of ectopic glmM expression. We found out, that the viability of this strain was strictly dependent on the concentration of inducer and further, that depletion of GlmM resulted in remarkable morphological defects. The rescue of mutant strain was observed after addition of inducer up to the level of the control sample. These results have provided the evidence of glmM essentiality for S. pneumoniae viability. Furthermore, we analyzed, whether phosphorylation of key amino acid residues, S99 and S101, is essential for GlmM functionality. Four different strains were prepared by means of site-directed mutagenesis expressing glmM with substitutions of key serine residues for alanine or glutamic acid. Since deletion of chromosomal locus in..

Criminal Law and Criminological Aspects of the Internet Criminality

Katedra trestního právaDepartment of Criminal LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult

Animated movie

Pro svoji bakalářskou práci jsem zvolil téma Animovaný autorský film. Rozhodl jsem se vytvořit krátký loutkový animovaný film, s příběhem o dvou čarodějnicích. Film se jmenuje alternativa. Použil jsem techniku stop-motion. "Alternativa" bude v budoucnu doplněna o hudbu, která je již téměř hotova. V tuto chvíli se jedná pouze o zástupý zvuk.ObhájenoFor my Bachelor thesis I chose the topic of Animated Authorial film I decided to create a short puppet animated movie with a simple story about two witches. The name of this movie is Alternativa. In this movie I used a stop-motion technique. "Alternativa" will be enriched with music in the future, which is almost done. At this moment there is only a vicarious sound with it

Non-conventional bacterial signaling pathways

Two component systems were traditionally considered as main phosphorylation systems of bacteria involved in cell signalling. Recently, attention focuses increasingly on bacterial eukaryote-like Ser/Thr protein kinases (eSTKs). These protein kinases are structurally similar to their eukaryotic counterparts. Some eSTKs possess additional domains such as extracellular PASTA domains that were discovered in a variety of gram-positive bacteria. It has been proved that these domains can act as sensors for unlinked peptidoglycan fragments. However, majority of environmental signal molecules still remains unknown. eSTKs phosphorylate a broad spectrum of substrates including proteins involved in various cell processes such as virulence, cell wall biosynthesis, cell division, and central and secondary metabolism. Cross talk between eSTKs and two component systems also occurs. In this thesis, the current knowledge about eSTKs and their significant substrates in different bacterial species is discussed

Analysis of essentiality of glmM gene coding for phosphoglucosamine mutase of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Phosphoglucosamine mutase (GlmM) is an enzyme of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. The main aim of this thesis was to find out, whether gene glmM is essential for viability of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Therefore, we prepared merodiploid strain containing two copies of glmM; the genomic gene and ectopic copy under control of zinc inducible promoter. Subsequently, depletion strain was prepared by deletion of genomic copy of glmM. This strain was further used for analysis of viability and phenotype features in the medium containing various concentrations of zinc ions, an inducer of ectopic glmM expression. We found out, that the viability of this strain was strictly dependent on the concentration of inducer and further, that depletion of GlmM resulted in remarkable morphological defects. The rescue of mutant strain was observed after addition of inducer up to the level of the control sample. These results have provided the evidence of glmM essentiality for S. pneumoniae viability. Furthermore, we analyzed, whether phosphorylation of key amino acid residues, S99 and S101, is essential for GlmM functionality. Four different strains were prepared by means of site-directed mutagenesis expressing glmM with substitutions of key serine residues for alanine or glutamic acid. Since deletion of chromosomal locus in..

Criminal and criminological aspects of internet crime

Katedra trestního právaDepartment of Criminal LawFaculty of LawPrávnická fakult