Research on evolution process of EMFs’ international expansion strategy

JEL： M1Under the background of globalization, international expansion of emerging market firms (EMFs) has become an emerging research front in international business research. Based on the Springboard Theory, LLL model and Uppsala internationalization process model, the thesis describes the bidirectional dependency between EMFs technologies and market resources using methods such as event path analysis, multi-case study and process analysis, and establishes an internationalization behavior framework which is based on the two motivations and the two dependable forces. The result shows that: (1) EMFs' two kinds of strategic behaviors of assets-seeking and opportunities-seeking continue to evolve with the development of the enterprise. In the first stage, There is no obvious difference. In the second stage, assets-seeking and opportunities-seeking are alternative dominant. In the third stage, opportunities-seeking are dominant. (2) EMFs' assets-seeking strategies are mainly driven by internal forces, and opportunities-seeking strategies are mainly driven by both internal and external forces; (3) EMFs leveraging international assets and opportunities through external linkage, and balancing their assets and opportunities through alternative domination strategic. (4) The internationalization process of EMFs is an enterprise‘s learning process under repeated linkage and leverage effect. The main contributions of this paper are: (1) to discuss the evolution rules and action mechanism of the two strategic motivations and dependable forces of EMFs in the internationalization process and help to establish clear external decision-making situation and logic for the internationalization of domestic enterprises; (2) to find out the features of EMFs to establish international chains to acquire the external assets and opportunities, and alternate domination features of the two strategies in the internationalization process, and help to better guide the implementation of internationalization strategies of domestic enterprises; (3) to establish an internationalization process model based on repeated linkage and alternate domination, uncover the nature of EMFs‘ internationalization process from the point of resource dependence, explain how to achieve the objective of globalization strategy for EMFS represented by China under late-developing disadvantages, expand the current EMFs-related theoretical boundary, and provide more scientific decision basis for "Going Out" of domestic enterprisesNo contexto da globalização, a expansão internacionalizada da empresa do mercado nascente(EMFs) já se tornou uma frente de investigação nascente na área de investigação do comércio internacional. No processo de internacionalização, devido à desvantagem da competição congênita, EMFs não segue totalmente o caminho internacional de empresa multinacional dos países desenvolvidos. Para isto, o Luo e o Tung propôs teoria de trampolim. Eles acham que EMFs obte ativos-chave das empresas do país desenvolvido através de uma série das expansões internacionalizadas radicais para compensar e superar sua desvantagem retardatária. Sobre a proposição da teoria de trampolim, a deficiência, que o incrementalismo internacionalizado não pode bem explicar os comportamentos internacionalizados de EMFs, foi compensada. No entanto, ainda existe muitos limites na investigação atual e a teoria atual falta das investigações para o mecanismo, regra e caraterística da evolução estratégica do processo da internacionalização de EMFs. À base da teoria de trampolim, modelo LLL e o incrementalismo internacionalizado Uppsala, este texto usa análise de caminho de evento, estudo de casos múltiplos, análise de processo e outros métodos, caracterizando o cenário de dependência dupla de tenologia de EMFs e de recurso de mercado, também estabelecendo o quadro de comportamento de internacionalização com base nos dois motivos e duas forças dependetens. O resultado apresenta que: (1) Os dois comportamentos estratégicos de busca de ativos e de busca de oportunidades de EMFs mudam continuamente com o desenvolvimento das fases de empresa. Na primeira fase, não houve diferença distinta; na segunda fase, as duas buscas de ativo e de oportunidade conduzem por sua vez; na terceira fase, tem a busca de oportunidade como o principal; (2) A estratégia de busca de ativos de EMFs é promovida por força inteira da empresa, mas a estratégia de busca de oportunidade é promovida juntamente pelas forças inteira e exterior da empresa; (3) EMFs alavanca ativos e oportunidades internacionalizadas pelo link externo e balança ativos e oportunidades através de alternação de comportamento de clideração; (4) A internacionalização de EMFs é um processo de aprendizagem organizacional sob o elo de link e a liderança alternada. As contribuições principais deste texto são: (1) Descobriu a regra de evolução e o mecanismo de função no processo de internacionalização dos dois motivos estratégicos e a força dependente, ajudando a estabelecer o cenário e a lógica de tomada de decisão externos claros para a internacionalização das empresas do nosso país; (2) Revelou a característica que a EMFs alavanca ativos e oportunidades externos através de estabelecimento de link de internacionalização e a característica de liderança alterna das duas estratégia, ajudando a lidar melhor a execução da estratégia de internacionalização das empresas do nosso país; (3) Estabeleceu um modelo do processo de internacionalização com base na elo de link e liderança alterna e relevou a natureza do processo de internacionalização de EMFs do ponto de vista da dependência de recursos, explicando como o EMFs caracterizala pela China realizou o objetivo de estratégia de globalização sob a condição de desvantagem retardatário e expandiu os limites teóricos existentes de EMFs, e ofereceu os bases da decisão mais científicos às empresas domésticas para "Vai globalmente"

Inequalities in the Access to Health Services Among Older Migrants: Evidence From the China Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey

Objectives: To identify differences in healthcare use between older migrant workers (OMWs) and older migrants (OMs) and explore associated factors and paths of healthcare use.Methods: The data came from the 2015 China Migrant Dynamic Monitoring Survey (CMDMS). CMDMS used a multi-stage stratified probability proportionate to size method as the sampling technique and conducted a desk review. The samples include OMWs, OMs for caring offspring (N = 4,439), and OMs for receiving care from family (N = 4,184). We built logistic regression and path analysis models to analyze the data.Results: Social health insurance (SHI) in current place of residence is associated with less expenditure among all subgroups. OMWs and OMs for receiving care from family with SHI in current place of residence are more likely to use healthcare.Conclusion: OMWs are particularly vulnerable in healthcare use and socioeconomic status. Having SHI registered in current place of residence helps decrease expenditure among OMs. We urge policymakers to consider a united health financing scheme across OMWs and other urban employees and streamline policies for migrants to enroll in SHI in current place of residence

Supplementary document for Sidelobe-suppressed sub-diffraction-limit quasi-non-diffracting light sheets achieved by super-oscillatory lenses - 6307324.pdf

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Association of socioeconomic status with glycated haemoglobin level and risk factors for diabetic retinopathy: a cross-sectional study in Sichuan, western China

Objective Diabetes affects 1 in 10 adults in China. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a diabetes-related complication that, if untreated, impairs vision and causes blindness. Evidence on DR diagnosis and risk factors is limited. This study aimed to add evidence from socioeconomic factors.Design A cross-sectional survey of people with diabetes conducted in 2019 was analysed by using logistic regression to evaluate the association of socioeconomic factors with the glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) level and DR.Setting Five counties/districts of western China (Sichuan) were included.Participants Registered participants with diabetes aged from 18 to 75 years were selected, and at last 2179 participants were included in the analysis.Results In this cohort, 37.13% (adjusted value 36.52%), 19.78% (adjusted value 19.59%) and 17.37% of participants had HbA1c<7.0%, DR (24.96% of those in the high-HbA1c group) and non-proliferative DR, respectively. Participants with higher social health insurance coverage (urban employee insurance (UEI)), higher income and urban residents tended to have glycaemic control (HbA1c) compared with their counterparts (OR: 1.48, 1.08 and 1.39, respectively). Participants with UEI or higher income had a lower risk of DR (OR: 0.71 and 0.88, respectively); higher education was associated with a 53%–69% decreased risk of DR.Conclusion This study shows disparities in the effect of socioeconomic factors on glycaemic (HbA1c) management and DR diagnosis among people with diabetes in Sichuan. Lower socioeconomic (especially non-UEI) status conferred a higher risk of high HbA1c and DR. The insights from this study indicate the need for national programmes to implement community-level measures to facilitate access to better HbA1c management and early detection of DR in patients with lower socioeconomic status and diabetes.Trial registration number Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR1800014432)

Synthesis, structure and conductivity of BaIn0.8Mn0.2O3 − δ

Green BaIn0.80Mn0.20O2.70 (51) has been synthesized by solid-state reaction under high temperature, and black BaIn0.80Mn0.20O2.60 (RS1) is obtained by treating S1 under vacuum at 500 degrees C. They were characterized by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, selected area electron diffraction, magnetic measurement, and impedance spectrum. S1 and RS1 crystallize in Cmcm (a = 5.9722(3), b = 5.9664(3), c = 8.4511(4) angstrom) and P2(1)/c (a = 5.9328(7), b = 5.9445(11), c = 16.8154(14) angstrom, beta = 90.02(2)degrees), respectively. Oxide ion vacancies are confirmed to exist in S1 and RS1 by the neutron diffraction data. (C)2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Chemistry, PhysicalPhysics, Condensed MatterSCI(E)[email protected]; [email protected]