28,443 research outputs found
Two approaches to Sidorenko's conjecture
Sidorenkoās conjecture states that for every bipartite graph H on {1, Ā· Ā· Ā· , k}
Z Y
(i,j)āE(H)
h(xi
, yj )dĀµ|V (H)| ā„
ļæ½Z
h(x, y) dĀµ2
ļæ½|E(H)|
holds, where Āµ is the Lebesgue measure on [0, 1] and h is a bounded, nonnegative, symmetric, measurable function on [0, 1]2
. An equivalent discrete
form of the conjecture is that the number of homomorphisms from a bipartite
graph H to a graph G is asymptotically at least the expected number of
homomorphisms from H to the ErdĖos-RĀ“enyi random graph with the same
expected edge density as G. In this paper, we present two approaches to
the conjecture. First, we introduce the notion of tree-arrangeability, where a
bipartite graph H with bipartition AāŖB is tree-arrangeable if neighborhoods
of vertices in A have a certain tree-like structure. We show that Sidorenkoās
conjecture holds for all tree-arrangeable bipartite graphs. In particular, this
implies that Sidorenkoās conjecture holds if there are two vertices a1, a2 in A
such that each vertex a ā A satisfies N(a) ā N(a1) or N(a) ā N(a2), and
also implies a recent result of Conlon, Fox, and Sudakov [3]. Second, if T is
a tree and H is a bipartite graph satisfying Sidorenkoās conjecture, then it is
shown that the Cartesian product T H of T and H also satisfies Sidorenkoās
conjecture. This result implies that, for all d ā„ 2, the d-dimensional grid with
arbitrary side lengths satisfies Sidorenkoās conjecture
Measurements and calculations of transport AC loss in second generation high temperature superconducting pancake coils
Theoretical and experimental AC loss data on a superconducting pancake coil wound using second generation (2 G) conductors are presented. An anisotropic critical state model is used to calculate critical current and the AC losses of a superconducting pancake coil. In the coil there are two regions, the critical state region and the subcritical region. The model assumes that in the subcritical region the flux lines are parallel to the tape wide face. AC losses of the superconducting pancake coil are calculated using this model. Both calorimetric and electrical techniques were used to measure AC losses in the coil. The calorimetric method is based on measuring the boil-off rate of liquid nitrogen. The electric method used a compensation circuit to eliminate the inductive component to measure the loss voltage of the coil. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical calculations thus validating the anisotropic critical state model for loss estimations in the superconducting pancake coil
Flexible, highly efficient all-polymer solar cells
All-polymer solar cells have shown great potential as flexible and portable power generators. These devices should offer good mechanical endurance with high power-conversion efficiency for viability in commercial applications. In this work, we develop highly efficient and mechanically robust all-polymer solar cells that are based on the PBDTTTPD polymer donor and the P(NDI2HD-T) polymer acceptor. These systems exhibit high power-conversion efficiency of 6.64%. Also, the proposed all-polymer solar cells have even better performance than the control polymer-fullerene devices with phenyl-C-61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) as the electron acceptor (6.12%). More importantly, our all-polymer solar cells exhibit dramatically enhanced strength and flexibility compared with polymer/PCBM devices, with 60- and 470-fold improvements in elongation at break and toughness, respectively. The superior mechanical properties of all-polymer solar cells afford greater tolerance to severe deformations than conventional polymer-fullerene solar cells, making them much better candidates for applications in flexible and portable devices.11262212Ysciescopu
Arthroscopic treatment of a medial meniscal cyst using a posterior trans-septal approach: a case report
Arthroscopic partial menisectomy followed by cyst decompression is currently recommended for treatment of a meniscal cyst. However, it is doubtful whether partial menisectomy should be performed on cysts communicating with the joint in cases without a meniscal tear on its surface since meniscal function will be sacrificed. In this report, a meniscal cyst arising from the posterior horn of the medial meniscus without meniscal tear on its surface was resected using an arthroscopic posterior trans-septal approach. A 59 year-old male presented to our hospital with popliteal pain when standing up after squatting down. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multilobulated meniscal cyst arising from the posterior horn of the medial meniscus extending to the posterior septum with a grade 2 meniscal tear by Mink's classification. The medial meniscus was intact on the surface on arthroscopic examination. The meniscal cyst and posterior septum were successfully resected using a posterior trans-septal approach without harming the meniscus. This is the first report on a meniscal cyst being resected using an arthroscopic posterior trans-septal approach with a 9-month follow-up period
Benchmark performance of low-cost Sb2Se3 photocathodes for unassisted solar overall water splitting
Determining cost-effective semiconductors exhibiting desirable properties for commercial photoelectrochemical water splitting remains a challenge. Herein, we report a Sb2Se3 semiconductor that satisfies most requirements for an ideal high-performance photoelectrode, including a small band gap and favourable cost, optoelectronic properties, processability, and photocorrosion stability. Strong anisotropy, a major issue for Sb2Se3, is resolved by suppressing growth kinetics via close space sublimation to obtain high-quality compact thin films with favourable crystallographic orientation. The Sb2Se3 photocathode exhibits a high photocurrent density of almost 30mAcm(-2) at 0V against the reversible hydrogen electrode, the highest value so far. We demonstrate unassisted solar overall water splitting by combining the optimised Sb2Se3 photocathode with a BiVO4 photoanode, achieving a solar-to-hydrogen efficiency of 1.5% with stability over 10h under simulated 1 sun conditions employing a broad range of solar fluxes. Low-cost Sb2Se3 can thus be an attractive breakthrough material for commercial solar fuel production. While photoelectrochemical water splitting offers an integrated means to convert sunlight to a renewable fuel, cost-effective light-absorbers are rare. Here, authors report Sb2Se3 photocathodes for high-performance photoelectrochemical water splitting devices
Ex vivo evaluation of mucosal responses to vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX of non-human primates
Non-human primates (NHPs) remain the most relevant challenge model for the evaluation of HIV vaccine candidates; however, discrepancies with clinical trial results have emphasized the need to further refine the NHP model. Furthermore, classical evaluation of vaccine candidates is based on endpoints measured systemically. We assessed the mucosal responses elicited upon vaccination with ALVAC and AIDSVAX using ex vivo Rhesus macaque mucosal tissue explant models. Following booster immunization with ALVAC/AIDSVAX, anti-gp120 HIV-1CM244-specific IgG and IgA were detected in culture supernatant cervicovaginal and colorectal tissue explants, as well as systemically. Despite protection from ex vivo viral challenge, no neutralization was observed with tissue explant culture supernatants. Priming with ALVAC induced distinct cytokine profiles in cervical and rectal tissue. However, ALVAC/AIDSVAX boosts resulted in similar modulations in both mucosal tissues with a statistically significant decrease in cytokines linked to inflammatory responses and lymphocyte differentiation. With ALVAC/AIDSVAX boosts, significant correlations were observed between cytokine levels and specific IgA in cervical explants and specific IgG and IgA in rectal tissue. The cytokine secretome revealed differences between vaccination with ALVAC and ALVAC/AIDSVAX not previously observed in mucosal tissues and distinct from the systemic response, which could represent a biosignature of the vaccine combination
KACC: An identification and characterization for microbial resources in Korea
Korean Agricultural Culture Collection (KACC) is an authorized organizer and the official depository for microbial resources in Korea. The KACC has developed a web-based database system to provide integrated information about microbial resources. It includes not only simple text information onindividual microbe but also morphological images and DNA sequence data for the strain. The KACC now provides the characterization information which maintains 7,433 cultures of microorganisms including 2,687 strains of bacteria, 3535 fungi, 476 actinomycetes, 64 yeasts, and 671 others (mushrooms, gene clones, etc)
ZFOURGE: Extreme 5007 emission may be a common early-lifetime phase for star-forming galaxies at
Using the \prospector\ spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting code, we
analyze the properties of 19 Extreme Emission Line Galaxies (EELGs) identified
in the bluest composite SED in the \zfourge\ survey at .
\prospector\ includes a physical model for nebular emission and returns
probability distributions for stellar mass, stellar metallicity, dust
attenuation, and nonparametric star formation history (SFH). The EELGs show
evidence for a starburst in the most recent 50 Myr, with the median EELG having
a specific star formation rate (sSFR) of 4.6 Gyr and forming 15\% of its
mass in this short time. For a sample of more typical star-forming galaxies
(SFGs) at the same redshifts, the median SFG has a sSFR of 1.1 Gyr and
forms only of its mass in the last 50 Myr. We find that virtually all of
our EELGs have rising SFHs, while most of our SFGs do not. From our analysis,
we hypothesize that many, if not most, star-forming galaxies at
undergo an extreme H+[\hbox{{\rm O}\kern 0.1em{\sc iii}}] emission
line phase early in their lifetimes. In a companion paper, we obtain
spectroscopic confirmation of the EELGs as part of our {\sc MOSEL} survey. In
the future, explorations of uncertainties in modeling the UV slope for galaxies
at are needed to better constrain their properties, e.g. stellar
metallicities.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures (main figure is fig 5), accepted for publication
in Ap
C. elegans maximum velocity correlates with healthspan and is maintained in worms with an insulin receptor mutation
Ageing is marked by physical decline. Caenorhabditis elegans is a valuable model for identifying genetic regulatory mechanisms of ageing and longevity. Here we report a simple method to assess C. elegans' maximum physical ability based on the worms' maximum movement velocity. We show maximum velocity declines with age, correlates well with longevity, accurately reports movement ability and, if measured in mid-adulthood, is predictive of maximal lifespan. Contrary to recent findings, we observe that maximum velocity of worm with mutations in daf-2(e1370) insulin/IGF-1 signalling scales with lifespan. Because of increased odorant receptor expression, daf-2(e1370) mutants prefer food over exploration, causing previous on-food motility assays to underestimate movement ability and, thus, worm health. Finally, a disease-burden analysis of published data reveals that the daf-2(e1370) mutation improves quality of life, and therefore combines lifespan extension with various signs of an increased healthspan.114232Ysciescopu
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