Microsatellite segregation analysis and cytogenetic evidence for tetrasomic inheritance in the American yam Dioscorea tridifa and a new basic chromosome number in the Dioscoreae

International audienceDespite the economic and cultural importance of the indigenous “Amerindian” yam Dioscorea trifida, very little is known about their origin, phylogeny, diversity and genetics. Consequently, conventional breeding efforts for the selection of D. trifida genotypes resistant to potyviruses which are directly involved in the regression of this species have been seriously limited. Our objective of this paper is to contribute to the clarification of the cytogenetic status, i.e., inheritance and chromosome number. Our results provide genetic evidence supporting tetrasomic behaviour of the genome of D. trifida based on chromosomal segregation pattern analysis using eight SSRs markers in three different crosses. This is the first reliable evidence of an autopolyploid species in the genus Dioscorea. The second major result in this study is the revealing of a new base chromosome number in the botanical section Macrogynodium to which D. trifida belongs. To date, our assumptions about the ploidy level of yams are based on the observations that the basic chromosome number is 10 or 9, and D. trifida was described as octoploid. The chromosome number of D. trifida accessions was also assessed using somatic chromosomic count techniques. Flow cytometry did not show significant variation of 2C DNA content among 80 accessions indicating homogeneity of the ploidy level of the cultivated D. trifida. This suggests that autotetraploidy is well established as well as the rule for the cultivated pool of D. trifida, even if the direct diploid ancestor remains to be identified. The data presented in this paper are significant and important for the effective breeding and conservation of the species and for elucidating the phylogeny and the origins of the yam and the evolution of the genus Dioscorea

Noise and bias in eliciting preferences

Pairwise choice, Willingness-to-pay, Willingness-to-accept, BDM mechanism, Errors, Noise, Biases, JEL classifications , C91, C81,

La psicoterapia interpersonal en la depresión en pacientes con esquizofrenia: propuesta de un modelo terapéutico a partir del estudio de tres casos clínicos

Interpersonal psychotherapy is a time-limited treatment that was developed to treat depression, however, it has not been fully studied for the treatment of depression in patients with schizophrenia yet. These patients are frequently involved in interpersonal role disputes, grief, role transitions and interpersonal deficits, associated with depressive episodes. The authors propose the use of interpersonal psychotherapy with adaptations as an aid in the treatment of depression in patients with schizophrenia based on a study of three clinical cases.La psicoterapia interpersonal es un tratamiento por tiempo limitado, desarrollado para tratar la depresión y que todavía no ha sido estudiado en el tratamiento de los episodios depresivos en pacientes con esquizofrenia. Estos pacientes son frecuentemente sometidos a disputas interpersonales, pérdidas, transiciones de roles y déficit en las relaciones interpersonales, lo que está asociado al aparecimiento de episodios depresivos. Los autores proponen la utilización de la psicoterapia interpersonal con adaptaciones como adyuvante en el tratamiento de la depresión en la esquizofrenia a partir del estudio de tres casos clínicos.A psicoterapia interpessoal (TIP) é um tratamento por tempo limitado, desenvolvido para tratar a depressão e que ainda não foi estudado no tratamento de episódios depressivos em pacientes com esquizofrenia. Estes pacientes estão freqüentemente submetidos a disputas interpessoais, perdas, transições de papéis e déficits nas relações interpessoais, o que está associado ao surgimento de episódios depressivos. Os autores propõem o uso da psicoterapia interpessoal, com adaptações, como adjuvante no tratamento da depressão em pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, a partir do estudo de três casos clínicos.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Programa de EsquizofreniaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroimagem e CogniçãoUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Psiquiatria Programa de Atendimento e Estudo das Vítimas de Violência e EstresseUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Programa de EsquizofreniaUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neuroimagem e CogniçãoUNIFESP, Depto. de Psiquiatria Programa de Atendimento e Estudo das Vítimas de Violência e EstresseSciEL