667 research outputs found
Occurrence of Different Gynandromorphs and Ergatandromorphs in Laboratory Colonies of the Urban Ant, Monomorium floricola
Colonies of Monomorium floricola (Jerdon) in laboratory conditions showed gynandromorphic and ergatandromorphic specimens, the former with nine different combinations of male and female tissues and the latter with 6 different combinations. Their development from egg to adult was around 74.6 days for gynandromorphs, and 87.5 days for ergantandromorphs
Scaling properties of protein family phylogenies
One of the classical questions in evolutionary biology is how evolutionary
processes are coupled at the gene and species level. With this motivation, we
compare the topological properties (mainly the depth scaling, as a
characterization of balance) of a large set of protein phylogenies with a set
of species phylogenies. The comparative analysis shows that both sets of
phylogenies share remarkably similar scaling behavior, suggesting the
universality of branching rules and of the evolutionary processes that drive
biological diversification from gene to species level. In order to explain such
generality, we propose a simple model which allows us to estimate the
proportion of evolvability/robustness needed to approximate the scaling
behavior observed in the phylogenies, highlighting the relevance of the
robustness of a biological system (species or protein) in the scaling
properties of the phylogenetic trees. Thus, the rules that govern the
incapability of a biological system to diversify are equally relevant both at
the gene and at the species level.Comment: Replaced with final published versio
Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus
[EN] Kelly s citrus thrips (KCT) Pezothrips kellyanus
(Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a recently recorded
cosmopolitan citrus pest, causing fruit scarring that results in
downgrading of fruit. Due to the detrimental effects caused
on fruits by KCT, we wanted to study some of the factors
influencing fruit scarring. Specifically, the objectives were:
(1) to determine the fruit development stage when citrus
fruits are damaged by KCT and the population structure of
KCT during this period, (2) to study the influence of temperature
on intensity of damage, and finally, (3) to identify
alternative host plants. KCT populations on flowers and
fruitlets and alternate plant hosts were sampled in four citrus
orchards from 2008 to 2010. The percentage of damaged
fruits was also recorded. The exotic vine Araujia sericifera
(Apocynaceae) was recorded as a new host for KCT. Thrips
scarring started to increase at 350 650 degree-days (DD)
above 10.2 C, coinciding with a peak abundance of the
second instar larval stages over all 3 years of the study. The
maximum percentage of larval stages of KCT was observed
in the 3 years at about 500 DD, a period which corresponds to
the end of May or early June. Variation in the severity of fruit
scarring appeared to be related to air temperature. Temperature
likely affects the synchronisation between the peak in
abundance of KCT larvae, and the period when fruitlets are
susceptible to thrips damage. Temperature can also influence
the survival and development of KCT populations in citrus
and other host plants in the citrus agro-ecosystem.The authors thank Alejandro Tena for his valuable suggestions and two anonymous referees for their careful review and helpful comments. We also extend our thanks to the owners of the commercial orchards for giving us permission to use their citrus orchards. The first author was awarded an FPI fellowship from the Polytechnic University of Valencia to obtain her PhD degree.Navarro Campos, C.; Pekas, A.; Aguilar Martí, MA.; Garcia Marí, F. (2013). Factors influencing citrus fruit scarring caused by Pezothrips kellyanus. Journal of Pest Science. (86):459-467. doi:10.1007/s10340-013-0489-7S45946786Baker GJ (2006) Kelly citrus thrips management. Fact sheet. Government of South Australia, primary industries and resources SA. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0010/44875/kctfact_sheet.pdf . Accessed 16 July 2012Baker GJ, Jackman DJ, Keller M, MacGregor A, Purvis S (2002) Development of an integrated pest management system for thrips in Citrus. HAL Final Report CT97007. http://www.sardi.sa.gov.au/pestsdiseases/horticulture/horticultural_pests/kelly_citrus_thrips/research_report_1997-2000 . Accessed 16 July 2012Bedford ECG (1998) Thrips, wind and other blemishes. Citrus pests in the Republic of South Africa. In: Bedford ECG, van den Berg MA, de Villiers EA (eds) ARC-Institute for tropical and subtropical crops, Nelspruit, South Africa, pp 170–183Blank RH, Gill GSC (1997) Thrips (Thysanoptera: Terebrantia) on flowers and fruit of citrus in New Zealand. N Z J Crop Hortic Sci 25:319–332Chellemi D, Funderburk F, Hall D (1994) Seasonal abundance of flower-inhabiting Frankliniella species (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) on wild plant species. 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Ann Entomol Soc Am 73: 378–338Teksam I, Tunç I (2009) An analysis of Thysanoptera associated with citrus flowers in Antalya, Turkey: composition, distribution, abundance and pest status of species. Appl Entomol Zool 44:455–464Varikou K, Tsitsipis JA, Alexandrakis V, Mound LA (2002) Pezothrips kellyanus (Bagnall) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a new pest of citrus trees in Crete, In: Proceedings of the VII European congress of entomology, Thessaloniki, Greece, 7–13 Oct 2002, p 33Varikou K, Tsitsipis I, Alexandrakis V, Hoddle M (2009) Effect of temperature on the development and longevity of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 102:835–841Varikou K, Birouraki A, Tsitsipis I, Sergentani CHR (2012) Effect of temperature on the fecundity of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). Ann Entomol Soc Am 105:60–65Vassiliou VA (2007) Chemical control of Pezothrips kellyanus (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in citrus plantations in Cyprus. 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Radiative contribution to neutrino masses and mixing in SSM
In an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model (popularly known
as the SSM), three right handed neutrino superfields are introduced to
solve the -problem and to accommodate the non-vanishing neutrino masses
and mixing. Neutrino masses at the tree level are generated through parity
violation and seesaw mechanism. We have analyzed the full effect of one-loop
contributions to the neutrino mass matrix. We show that the current three
flavour global neutrino data can be accommodated in the SSM, for both
the tree level and one-loop corrected analyses. We find that it is relatively
easier to accommodate the normal hierarchical mass pattern compared to the
inverted hierarchical or quasi-degenerate case, when one-loop corrections are
included.Comment: 51 pages, 14 figures (58 .eps files), expanded introduction, other
minor changes, references adde
Toracoscopia em crianças com derrame pleural parapneumônico complicado na fase fibrinopurulenta: estudo multi-institucional
Stochastic Gravity: Theory and Applications
Whereas semiclassical gravity is based on the semiclassical Einstein equation
with sources given by the expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of
quantum fields, stochastic semiclassical gravity is based on the
Einstein-Langevin equation, which has in addition sources due to the noise
kernel.In the first part, we describe the fundamentals of this new theory via
two approaches: the axiomatic and the functional. In the second part, we
describe three applications of stochastic gravity theory. First, we consider
metric perturbations in a Minkowski spacetime: we compute the two-point
correlation functions for the linearized Einstein tensor and for the metric
perturbations. Second, we discuss structure formation from the stochastic
gravity viewpoint. Third, we discuss the backreaction of Hawking radiation in
the gravitational background of a quasi-static black hole.Comment: 75 pages, no figures, submitted to Living Reviews in Relativit
Stochastic Gravity: Theory and Applications
Whereas semiclassical gravity is based on the semiclassical Einstein equation
with sources given by the expectation value of the stress-energy tensor of
quantum fields, stochastic semiclassical gravity is based on the
Einstein-Langevin equation, which has in addition sources due to the noise
kernel. In the first part, we describe the fundamentals of this new theory via
two approaches: the axiomatic and the functional. In the second part, we
describe three applications of stochastic gravity theory. First, we consider
metric perturbations in a Minkowski spacetime, compute the two-point
correlation functions of these perturbations and prove that Minkowski spacetime
is a stable solution of semiclassical gravity. Second, we discuss structure
formation from the stochastic gravity viewpoint. Third, we discuss the
backreaction of Hawking radiation in the gravitational background of a black
hole and describe the metric fluctuations near the event horizon of an
evaporating black holeComment: 100 pages, no figures; an update of the 2003 review in Living Reviews
in Relativity gr-qc/0307032 ; it includes new sections on the Validity of
Semiclassical Gravity, the Stability of Minkowski Spacetime, and the Metric
Fluctuations of an Evaporating Black Hol
Perspectives on the Trypanosoma cruzi-host cell receptor interaction
Chagas disease is caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The critical initial event is the interaction of the trypomastigote form of the parasite with host receptors. This review highlights recent observations concerning these interactions. Some of the key receptors considered are those for thromboxane, bradykinin, and for the nerve growth factor TrKA. Other important receptors such as galectin-3, thrombospondin, and laminin are also discussed. Investigation into the molecular biology and cell biology of host receptors for T. cruzi may provide novel therapeutic targets
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