Stem cells conditioned medium: a new approach to skin wound healing management

Stem cell biology has gained remarkable interest in recent years, driven by the hope of finding cures for numerous diseases including skin wound healing through transplantation medicine. Initially upon transplantation, these cells home to and differentiate within the injured tissue into specialised cells. Contrariwise, it now appears that only a small percentage of transplanted cells integrate and survive in host tissues. Thus, the foremost mechanism by which stem cells participate in tissue repair seems to be related to their trophic factors. Indeed, stem cells provide the microenvironment with a wide range of growth factors, cytokines and chemokines, which can broadly defined as the stem cells secretome. In in vitro condition, these molecules can be traced from the conditioned medium or spent media harvested from cultured cells. Conditioned medium now serves as a new treatment modality in regenerative medicine and has shown a successful outcome in some diseases. With the emergence of this approach, we described the possibility of using stem cells conditioned medium as a novel and promising alternative to skin wound healing treatment. Numerous pre-clinical data have shown the possibility and efficacy of this treatment. Despite this, significant challenges need to be addressed before translating this technology to the bedside.Article Link: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cbin.10138/pd

Characterization of the domain chaos convection state by the largest Lyapunov exponent

Using numerical integrations of the Boussinesq equations in rotating cylindrical domains with realistic boundary conditions, we have computed the value of the largest Lyapunov exponent lambda1 for a variety of aspect ratios and driving strengths. We study in particular the domain chaos state, which bifurcates supercritically from the conducting fluid state and involves extended propagating fronts as well as point defects. We compare our results with those from Egolf et al., [Nature 404, 733 (2000)], who suggested that the value of lambda1 for the spiral defect chaos state of a convecting fluid was determined primarily by bursts of instability arising from short-lived, spatially localized dislocation nucleation events. We also show that the quantity lambda1 is not intensive for aspect ratios Gamma over the range 20<Gamma<40 and that the scaling exponent of lambda1 near onset is consistent with the value predicted by the amplitude equation formalism

Cross-Border Financing by the Industrial Sector Increases Competition in the Domestic Banking Sector

We predict that access to cross-border financing by the industrial sector reduces firms' reliance on domestic banks, thereby leading to lower rents for banks and greater competition in the domestic banking sector. We also predict that banks take on more risk to offset these lost rents and remain competitive. Using mandatory adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to identify variation in cross-border financing, we find evidence consistent with our hypotheses. Additional tests verify that the effects emanate from the demand side (i.e., firms not relying on banks) rather than the supply side (i.e., banks not willing to lend to firms). Overall, we document how competition from overseas financial markets influences the domestic banking sector

High efficiency magnetic bearings

Research activities concerning high efficiency permanent magnet plus electromagnet (PM/EM) pancake magnetic bearings at the University of Maryland are reported. A description of the construction and working of the magnetic bearing is provided. Next, parameters needed to describe the bearing are explained. Then, methods developed for the design and testing of magnetic bearings are summarized. Finally, a new magnetic bearing which allows active torque control in the off axes directions is discussed

Historical and Projected Surface Temperature over India during the 20th and 21st century.

Surface Temperature (ST) over India has increased by ~0.055 K/decade during 1860-2005 and follows the global warming trend. Here, the natural and external forcings (e.g., natural and anthropogenic) responsible for ST variability are studied from Coupled Model Inter-comparison phase 5 (CMIP5) models during the 20th century and projections during the 21st century along with seasonal variability. Greenhouse Gases (GHG) and Land Use (LU) are the major factors that gave rise to warming during the 20th century. Anthropogenic Aerosols (AA) have slowed down the warming rate. The CMIP5 projection over India shows a sharp increase in ST under Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 where it reaches a maximum of 5 K by the end of the 21st century. Under RCP2.6 emission scenarios, ST increases up to the year 2050 and decreases afterwards. The seasonal variability of ST during the 21st century shows significant increase during summer. Analysis of rare heat and cold events for 2080-2099 relative to a base period of 1986-2006 under RCP8.5 scenarios reveals that both are likely to increase substantially. However, by controlling the regional AA and LU change in India, a reduction in further warming over India region might be achieved

Developments and achievements in atmospheric sciences and space meteorology in India

Space research in India began in the early sixties, with the establishment of the Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station. Indigenously developed rocket payloads were carried in foreign rockets and flown for studying various atmospheric parameters, which are unique to the tropics. In the seventies, Indian-made rockets became available. Since then, there has been rapid progress in the technical advancement, which helped the atmospheric scientists in taking up more challenging and contemporary problems, related to mesospheric winds, ionospheric irregularities, stratospheric ozone, role of aerosols in atmospheric radiative transfer, etc. India entered into the satellite era in 1975, with the development of the Aryabhatta satellite, the first Indian experimental satellite, followed by Bhaskara-1 in 1979, which carried a microwave radio meter for retrieval of atmospheric water vapour and cloud liquid water contents. Since then, there have been several satellites, such as the INSAT series for meteorology and communication, Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellite series, and Stretched Rohini Satellite System (SROSS) for in situ observation of the ionosphere, which are all built in India and launched from Indian soil. High quality data being obtained from these satellite missions are helping scientists in taking up problems that are of regional and global scales and in studying the changes that are taking place in the earth atmosphere system, in a more holistic way. This paper attempts to provide an overview of the scientific developments and highlights some results

University small satellite program-ANUSAT

Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) over the last 3 decades has steadily progressed towards establishment of space system for communication, Earth observation and disaster warning for national development. Also, the launchers for placing both Earth observation and communication satellites have been developed. While these efforts are being sustained on a continuous basis, ISRO initiated Small Satellite Program few years ago for demonstration of new technologies that can be adopted to operational mission as well as Small Satellite Earth Observation program to complement the existing earth observation mission. Also realizing the importance of steady flow of engineers and scientists in Space Technology, ISRO has been pursuing to promote development of micro-satellite at Indian universities that will provide hands-on experience to the university students in Space Technology and also developing new technologies for the future. Anna University at Chennai, India, has taken up the first micro-satellite program within the university environment. The micro-satellite development will be carried out at Aerospace Research Centre in Anna University with review and funding support from ISRO. The project will be implemented through involvement of students, researchers and faculty staff. The satellite is a simple spinning satellite carrying store and forward payload being the first mission and weighs less than 50 kg. The Project has commenced in January 2002. The preliminary design review of the satellite has been completed in December 2002. The micro-satellite is scheduled for launch in 2005 as an auxiliary payload in ISRO's launcher PSLV (Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle)