Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Benzocaine and Butacaine with Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A sensitive, simple and accurate differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) method for determination of benzocaine (BZE) and butacaine (BTE) using a nafion modified glassy carbon electrode (NMGCE) is described. NMGCE exhibited significantly increased sensitivity and selectivity for BZE and BTE compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Factors affecting peak currents, such as accumulation potential, accumulation time, presence of surfactants, buffer pH, etc. for the determination of BZE and BTE, were studied using DPAdSV. The modified electrode was less susceptible to peak depression than the bare electrode in the presence of surfactants and ascorbic acid. Peak currents showed a linear response in the concentration range 3.2 x 10–9 to 4.5 x 10–7 mol dm–3 for BZE and 4.2 x 10–9 to 3.6 x 10–7 mol dm–3 for BTE, with the respective limits of detection (LOD) of 2.4 x 10–9 mol dm–3 and 3.6 x 10–9 mol dm–3 at NMGCE. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of BZE and BTE in a spiked human urine sample. Repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method were also studied

Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Determination of Benzocaine and Butacaine with Nafion Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A sensitive, simple and accurate differential pulse adsorptive stripping voltammetric (DPAdSV) method for determination of benzocaine (BZE) and butacaine (BTE) using a nafion modified glassy carbon electrode (NMGCE) is described. NMGCE exhibited significantly increased sensitivity and selectivity for BZE and BTE compared to the bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Factors affecting peak currents, such as accumulation potential, accumulation time, presence of surfactants, buffer pH, etc. for the determination of BZE and BTE, were studied using DPAdSV. The modified electrode was less susceptible to peak depression than the bare electrode in the presence of surfactants and ascorbic acid. Peak currents showed a linear response in the concentration range 3.2 x 10–9 to 4.5 x 10–7 mol dm–3 for BZE and 4.2 x 10–9 to 3.6 x 10–7 mol dm–3 for BTE, with the respective limits of detection (LOD) of 2.4 x 10–9 mol dm–3 and 3.6 x 10–9 mol dm–3 at NMGCE. The method has been successfully applied for the determination of BZE and BTE in a spiked human urine sample. Repeatability and reproducibility of the proposed method were also studied

Electrochemical Oxidation of p-Chloroaniline at a Platinum Electrode

96-9

Solar Power Generation:Technology,New Concepts & Policy

This book offers a global perspective of the current state of affairs in the field of solar power engineering. In four parts, this well-researched volume informs about: Established solar PV (photovoltaic) technologies Third-generation PV technologies based on new materials with potential for low-cost large-scale production Solar cell technology based on new (third-generation) concepts, such as quantum dot solar cells and nano wire solar cells using silicon and compound semiconductors Economic implications and effects, as well as policies and incentives in various countries of the world involved with solar energy implementation In addition to discussing manufacturing facts and implementation issues, this book emphasizes the implications of policy measures in countries with good PV activity, such as Japan, China, India, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, the United States, and Canada. This volume is intended as a reference for a global audience of advanced students and R&D and industry professionals, as well as investors and policy-makers with fundamental knowledge of photovoltaic technology

Study of Prevalence and Stages of diabetic nephropathy in a rural tertiary care centre - Southern India (2011-12)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an alarming health care concern the world over affecting more-than 220 million people worldwide according to World Health Organization. Kidney disease in diabetic patients is clinically characterized by increasing rates of urinary albumin excretion (UAE), starting from normoalbuminuria, which progresses to microalbuminuria, macroalbuminuria and eventually to End-Stage Renal Disease. Diabetic nephropathy has been categorized into stages based on the values of urinary albumin excretion and estimated glomerular filtration (eGFR). There is accumulating evidence suggesting that the risk for developing diabetes nephropathy and cardiovascular disease starts when UAE values are still within normoalbuminic range. Objective: To study the prevalence and stages of nephropathy in T2DM patients and to compare albumin levels with glycemic control in rural population. Methodology: Cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2011 to April 2012 among diabetic patients attending General Medicine department in RL Jalappa Hospital. Random blood sample and spot urine sample was collected for analysis and the data was collected in a predesigned, pretested semi-structured questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of diabetic nephropathy in our study was 37.02%. The prevalence microalbuminuria was 30.79% in males and 24.46% in females. The prevalence of overt nephropathy was 9.27% in males and 6.73% in females. Around 62.97% were in microalbuminuric range. 75.76% of the patients had poor glycemic control, but among patients with poor glycemic control 79.78% had overt nephropathy and 86.80% had microalbuminuria. Among patients with good glycemic control 20.28% had overt nephropathy and 13.19% had microalbuminuria. Conclusion: Microalbuminuria was earliest sign in Diabetic Nephropathy (DN). Progression of DN can be prevented on early detection. Poor glycemic control and duration of diabetes was associated with increase in UAE level and progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. Screening for DN at the time of diagnosis in T2DM and measures to reduce albuminuria at earliest could prevent further progression of DN in patients with T2D

Electrospun plant-derived natural biomaterials for Tissue engineering

Plant-derived natural products are being used in medicine, and they are easily available for the production and use in tissue engineering based biological applications. Utilization of plant materials to treat human diseases is a common practice followed over many decades. In fact plant and its derivatives have been actively included in health management over thousands of years. The advent of phytochemical and phytopharmacological sciences has opened an arena to elucidate the structural and biological composition of several medicinal plant products. Their pharmacological effects depend on the supply of highly active water soluble compounds; however, due to their large molecular size most compounds are unable to cross the lipid membranes of the cells and therefore result in poor absorption resulting in loss of bioavailability and efficacy. Electrospinning makes it possible to combine the advantages of utilizing these plant materials in the form of nanofibrous scaffolds for delivering the active constituent at a sufficient concentration during the entire treatment period to the host site. The aim of this review is to highlight the potential applications of electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds based systems and herbal medicines in tissue engineering

Trans-differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells generates functional hepatospheres on poly(l-lactic acid)-co-poly(ε-caprolactone)/collagen nanofibrous scaffolds

Journal of Materials Chemistry B1323972-398

Bioconversion of glycerol waste to ethanol by Escherichia coli and optimisation of process parameters

Biofuel is one of the best ways to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Ever since commercial biodiesel production began, waste glycerol, the biodiesel byproduct, has gained researchers’ interest, especially its recycling. Here, we explored using glycerol residue (carbon source) as a substrate in the fermentation process for ethanol production by Escherichia coli K12 in anaerobic conditions. The factors affecting the ethanol production was optimised by response surface methodology (RSM). Significant variables that impact the ethanol concentration were pH, temperature and the substrate, with a statistically significant effect (P <0.05) on ethanol formation. The significant factor was analyzed by the Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for bioethanol formation using glycerol as substrate was obtained at pH 7 and temperature 37°C. The ethanol productivity was 0.77 g/L/h. The ethanol concentration of 9.2 g/L achieved from glycerol residue was close to the theoretical value with the fermentation achieved at optimised terms

Bioconversion of glycerol waste to ethanol by Escherichia coli and optimisation of process parameters

Biofuel is one of the best ways to reduce our dependence on fossil fuels. Ever since commercial biodiesel production began, waste glycerol, the biodiesel byproduct, has gained researchers’ interest, especially its recycling. Here, we explored using glycerol residue (carbon source) as a substrate in the fermentation process for ethanol production by Escherichia coli K12 in anaerobic conditions. The factors affecting the ethanol production was optimised by response surface methodology (RSM). Significant variables that impact the ethanol concentration were pH, temperature and the substrate, with a statistically significant effect (P <0.05) on ethanol formation. The significant factor was analyzed by the Box-Behnken design. The optimum conditions for bioethanol formation using glycerol as substrate was obtained at pH 7 and temperature 37°C. The ethanol productivity was 0.77 g/L/h. The ethanol concentration of 9.2 g/L achieved from glycerol residue was close to the theoretical value with the fermentation achieved at optimised terms