Cod: a challenge for sustainable fisheries

Fast die Hälfte aller Nutzfischbestände befindet sich auf einem nicht-nachhaltigen Niveau. Das bedeutet, dass die von einem Fischbestand abgefischte Menge die Anzahl der Jungfische in diesem Bestand so stark vermindert hat, dass die eigene Reproduktionsrate nicht ausreicht, um die Populationsgröße langfristig zu erhalten. Wenn die starke Befischungsintensität über einer zugelassenen nachhaltigen Höchstmenge bestehen bleibt, wird es zukünftig keine gewinnbringende Fischerei mehr geben. Besonders bezeichnend sind die Auswirkungen der Fischerei auf Kabeljaubestände. Innerhalb der letzten Jahrzehnte sind Kabeljaupopulationen auf ein Minimum gesunken, und Überfischung stellt heute eine ernstzunehmende Bedrohung dar. Dieser Aufsatz setzt sich mit dem Problem der Überfischung der Nutzfischart Kabeljau in den Regionen Neufundland, der Nordsee und Island auseinander. Die Leitfragen sind: Wie haben sich die Kabeljaupopulationen über die letzten Jahrzehnte entwickelt? Aus welchen Gründen trat die Übernutzung hauptsächlich auf? Welche Regulationen wurden eingeführt, um Überfischung vorzubeugen? Der Kabeljau stellt eine Herausforderung für ein nachhaltiges Fischereimanagement dar, da die Befriedigung der anhaltend hohen Nachfrage, verbunden mit unzureichendem Wissen über die Reproduktionsfähigkeit der Bestände, die Schwierigkeit der Überfischung mit sich bringt. Das Fischereimanagement entwickelte verschiedene Maßnahmen, um diesem Problem entgegenzuwirken. Während sich die Fischereiforschung auf die langfristige Erhaltung der Fischbestände konzentriert, versuchen Berufsfischer kurzfristig Gewinne zu erzielen. Das Ziel des nachhaltigen Fischereimanagements ist es hierbei, sowohl die Reproduktion des Bestandes zu sichern als auch die Bedürfnisse der Fischer zu befriedigen

Perspective on cystic fibrosis and physical activity: Is there a difference compared to healthy individuals?

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to compare habitual physical activity between cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and healthy controls and to investigate possible predictors for reduced physical activity in CF patients. METHODS: Sixty-six patients with CF (3-44 years) and 65 healthy controls (3-55 years) were asked to wear an accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M) for 9 days (at least 10 hr/day). Physical activity was classified in five categories from very low to very strenuous. RESULTS: In general, there was no difference in physical activity between CF patients and healthy controls. However, young school-aged 6-13 years old children with CF spent less time with strenuous and very strenuous activity than healthy controls (adjusted difference in activity -0.43 (-0.69, -0.17)). Patients with very low lung function were significantly less active, but other CF-associated conditions did not affect physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: While we found similar levels of physical activity measured by accelerometry in patients with CF compared to healthy controls in general, young school-aged children showed less engagement in strenuous activities than their healthy counterparts. As the reduced physical activity in young school children was not likely to be explained by the disease state, strenuous physical activity may be enhanced by advocating exercise and sport. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1020-1030. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

ICES. 2011. Report of the Joint ICES-STECF Workshop on management plan evalua-tions for roundfish stocks (WKROUNDMP/EWG 11-01), 28 February - 4 March 2011

A joint ICES / STECF meeting met 28 February to 4 March in Copenhagen, for prepa-ration of Impact Assessments for Bay of Biscay sole and Baltic Cod, and historic Evaluations of existing plans for Kattegat, North Sea, West of Scotland and Irish Sea cod. The meeting involves STECF, ICES scientists dealing with Economy and Biology and Observers (Commission staff, Managers, Stakeholders). The workshop has fully addressed its Terms of Reference, and progress has been made in all areas. The Impact Assessment of Bay of Biscay was fully completed, the biological aspects were relatively straightforward, with a clearly defined single species MSY target for exploitation of this stock. It is anticipated that exploitation at MSY will give biomass that is significantly above any precautionary reference points and thus maximising exploitation forms the main criteria. The economic evaluations were if a very high standard, probably the best done so far under STECF. The work required for the impact assessment of Baltic cod was identified and is documented in the report. In most cases the work is clear, although some minor de-tails in parameterisation remain to be finalised. There was considerable discussion of single species / multi-species targets for Baltic cod. The issues raised are multi-species in the context of population interactions affecting yields, not multi-species in a mixed fisheries context of reconciling different catch rate targets in a mixed fishery. For Bal-tic cod plans this aspect has not been resolved, as currently no work detailing as-sumptions and results has been presented within the group. Currently STECF and ICES develop MSY targets based in single species evaluations. It is clear that multi-species aspects can be parameterised more easily in the Baltic (and Barents Sea) than in other areas where the species complexity is greater. Cur-rently it is unclear how STECF or ICES should base advice. While we hope to resolve some of these issues others may not be resolvable within the scope of this study. For the group to understand the issues and give sound advice it is important that those responsible for the analyses provide a good description of their assumptions and the sensitivity of the results to model assumptions and choice of parameters. In this context the basis of studies and the results need to be circulated in advance of the meeting. A brief outline of the requirements to deliver the answers to questions on NS whiting is provided. The work will be carried out prior to WGNSSK in May and draft advice will be passed to ADGNS from WKNSSK. If WKNSSK is satisfied with the work it will be passed directly to ADGNS and subsequently ACOM. If substantive revision is required and further review needed this will be done at the next meeting of WKROU-ND2011 20-24 June 2011.JRC.DG.G.4-Maritime affair

Report of the ICES WKROUNDMP 2011 / STECF EWG 11-07. Evaluation and Impact As-sessment of Management Plans PT II

A joint ICES / STECF meeting was held in Hamburg 20-24 June 2011, to prepare an Evaluation of multi-annual plans for cod in Kattegat, North Sea, Irish Sea and West of Scotland. The meeting involved STECF, ICES scientists dealing with Economy and Biology and included Observers (Commission staff, Managers, Stakeholders). Three separate reports to the STECF were prepared by the EWG-11-07, one on the Impact Assessment of Southern hake, Nephrops and Angler fish (EWG-11-07c) and another on the Impact Assessments for Baltic cod (EWG 11-07a) and this third on the Evaluation of Cod in Kattegat, North Sea, West of Scotland and Irish Sea (EWG-11-07b) and clari-fication of Advice on NS whiting.JRC.G.4-Maritime affair

Aging well:Treherne’s ‘warrior’s beauty’ two decades later

Review section reflecting on Treherne 1995 "The warrior's beauty