The place of artificial reefs in the lives of small-scale fishers in Terengganu, Malaysia

Mainly deployed with the objective of enhancing fisheries resources, artificial reefs began to gain scientific attention in the 1970s. They continue to be a popular agenda in fisheries management, largely due to their potential in improving the lives of coastal communities. Current performance evaluations of artificial reefs, however, continue to focus more on reef effects on the biology and fishing gain of the area where they are deployed. This is despite repeated calls to expand the performance evaluation to include input from artificial reefs users. This thesis examines the dimensions of small-scale fisher- folks' relations with artificial reefs in Terengganu, Malaysia. Using the livelihood approach, the research focuses on non bio-economics data and explores the "currently ignored" domains of artificial reefs to examine the various components of small-scale fishers' livelihood-making. It reveals important insights of the social, cultural, economic, political and ecological changes that have been affected by artificial reef programmes from the perspectives of fishing communities. Based on the results of in-depth interviews carried out in Setiu, Terengganu, it is concluded that although artificial reefs are perceived to enhance local fisheries resources, small-scale fisher-folks' opportunity to benefit from them depends much on how artificial reefs fit into these fishers' fishing strategies, which are strongly related to their livelihood assets, particularly their social and human capitals. Furthermore, artificial reefs' impacts on Setiu small-scale fishers' livelihood are related to their effect on illegal commercial fishery in the area, where although their presence do deter trawl fishery, artificial reefs are paradoxically an ideal fishing site for purse seine fishery. By exploring these various human dimensions of artificial reefs, the thesis offers a broader perspective on the evaluation of this complex marine phenomenon

Cultural landscape: reclaiming the heritage of Minagkabau in Negeri Sembilan

Reclaiming cultural landscape is the idea of regaining the valuable heritage of human legacy that represents peoples’ identity and original culture of a group of people or place which cannot be replaced or regained after it has been destroyed. From Islamic point of view, cultural landscape presents the notion of revealing and sustaining the great diversity of the interactions between humans and their environment. Islam highlights the importance of human relationship with the environment and the associations involving the two assemblages have been emphasized repeatedly in the Qur’an. Due to its significance, this paper will be focusing on reclaiming cultural landscape of Minangkabau to ensure the heritage values, beliefs and traditions are being well preserved. -owadays, Minangkabau is losing its sense of identity which probably caused by its integration with other ethnicity in Malaysia. Since cultural landscape is considered as valuable heritage and it is irreplaceable, this research will be highlighting on the types of cultural landscape resources that influence the identity and character of Minangkabau ethnicity. The objectives of this paper are to emphasize the cultural landscape resources of Minangkabau ethnicity, consecutively to ensure people’s legacy is well preserved and to discover level of appreciation the original culture of Minangkabau among local people towards the notion of reclaiming the cultural landscape. This paper are presented in two sections; i) the theoretical framework and ii) methodology. The anticipated result will highlight the importance to reclaim cultural landscape as it is actually an approach to enrich the identity of Minangkabau ethnicity and sustain the heritage values. It is hoped that this paper will become a reference or guideline for future innovations and ideas regarding cultural landscape

Cultural landscape: a new paradigm for landscape architecture

This paper presents the review on the important of cultural landscape in the context of landscape architecture’s profession. It is crucial to understand the concept of cultural landscape as it offers main contribution in sustaining the heritage value and protecting local identity and original culture of a group of people or place. From Islamic point of view, cultural landscape present the notion of revealing and sustaining the great diversity of the interactions between humans and their environment, to protect living traditional cultures and preserve the traces of those which have disappeared. Therefore cultural landscape must be incalculate with profession of landscape architect and this concept should be perceived as an added value in landscape architecture education in Asia. This paper is based on three fundamental framework of appreciating cultural landscape which is history, heritage and culture which cover the explanation of human root, identity, image, character and values. It is hoped that the output of the paper will contribute to further enrich landscape architecture’s profession on ideas, innovations and added values for landscape architect in future generation

Reclaiming the loss of the Minangkabau cultural landscape in Negeri Sembilan

This paper addresses on the issue of the loss of culture and the importance of reclaiming the cultural landscape of the Minangkabau in Negeri Sembilan. Reclaiming the loss of culture is an important initiative in order to protect cultural landscape values or cultural in general. Hence, a study is conducted to provide an understanding towards the importance of reclaiming the cultural landscape in order to protect three main aspects which are the traditions, local practices and sense of identity. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the necessary actions needed to be taken to sustain the cultural landscape

The Involvement of State Gov- ernment, Agencies and Local Authority Policies on the Conser- vation of Heritage Spots in Malaysia

This paper is analyzes the local policy implementation by the state authorities at two historical cities, namely Melaka (Malacca) and George Town, Penang. Both cities are awarded as the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Or- ganization (UNESCO) World Heritage Sites. One of the most prominent compo- nent of tangible cultural heritage is historic buildings. Thus, it is essential to ensure the sustainability of those buildings so that they will keep attracting more domestic and international travelers. Lack of awareness from the local residents is one main issue arises due to some policies imposed by the local government concerning the historic buildings. This paper is based on previous literature and from findings of a study. The findings were obtained from content analysis of local daily bilingual print newspapers namely The Star and Berita Harian (BH) on the portrayal of cultural heritage in Malaysia. The result of this paper would sheds some light, especially on the conservation of historical buildings to both historical cities through the role of the state government and agencies in imple- menting and enforcing the formulated policies

Learning grammar the ‘Monster’ Way ‘Monster Back to School-Parts of Speech Board Game’ / Angeline Ranjethamoney Vijayarajoo and Roslina Mohd Jani

Learning grammar can be difficult for learners but this can be changed through interactive activities. Language games are an excellent way to make learning grammar fun among learners Although the use of language games is not a new tool in the teaching and learning of grammar, employing the right game for a specific grammar item is vital. Hence, this study aims to experiment, using a language game - ‘Monster Back to School -Parts of Speech Board Game, in efforts to enhance the learning of the parts of speech more effectively. This game is designed to provide practice in identifying the parts of speech in the English Language, from word level, through sentence level to making decisions on whether the parts of speech have been correctly identified. By playing this game, it is believed that learners will be able to engage and learn grammar in a fun-filled way. Methodology comprised quantitative and qualitative methods, using a questionnaire and interview, with the participants, who were college students. The results of the survey demonstrate the effectiveness of the game in the identification and learning of parts of speech. The pedagogical implications are that suitable language games can enhance grammar competence

Kinship Social Capital and Entrepreneurship Development: A Comparative Study For Internal And International Migrant of Minangkabau Ethnic

Kinship social capital can function as an important source of social capital for welfare and economic development. Kinship social capital has potency to improve entrepreneurship activity. Khinship social capital may provide some benefit as reducing transaction cost, facilitating access toward information, providing informal insurance and helping to solve collective action dilemma. There is one in Indonesia, in which it is popular called as Minangkabau and has strong norms and values in building entrepreneurship. Minangkabau society have high number and potency in entrepreneurship. Minangkabau tribe is one of the ethnics in Indonesia that have matrilineal system and as travelling ethnics. The purposes of this article are identifying and comparing kinds of social capital and its phase of effects toward entrepreneurship building of Minangkabau ethnic in internal and international Migrant. The respondents in this study are Minangkabau ethnic entrepreneurs in Jakarta (internal Migrant) and Minangkabau ethnic traveler entrepreneurs in Malaysia (international Migrant). The method used in this study is Structural Equation Model (SEM). Based on the estimated result, it is found that the two Minangkabau ethnic travel areas have differences and similarities in their social capital. The mutual interrelationship and activities are social capital that underlie entrepreneurship building in both internal and international migrants. Social capital that the Minangkabauan has does not affect the entrepreneurship building for the migrants

Educational philosophy in Islam in the curriculum design of integrated Islamic education in Malaysia

This article discusses the dichotomy in Islamic education which is the basic problem facing Islamic education today. To overcome these problems, one of them is by organizing an educational model that integrates the science of religion with the knowledge that is based on the philosophy of Islamic education. By employing qualitative method of research, this article strives to identify the philosophy of education in Islam and challenges in the current integrated educational system, which is currently implemented in Malaysian primary and secondary schools. The results of this study, concluded that in overcoming the problem in the preaching of Islamic education, Malaysia implemented integrative Islamic education that integrates religion and science with the Ulul al-Bab model and the KAFFAH curriculum. The concept of Ulul al-Bab is taken from the Qur'an as the basis of the curriculum, while in the KAFFAH curriculum each subject taught is associated with Islamic values and beliefs. ************************************************************************************ Artikel ini membahas dikotomi dalam pendidikan Islam yang merupakan masalah mendasar yang dihadapi pendidikan Islam saat ini. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, salah satunya adalah dengan menyelenggarakan model pendidikan yang mengintegrasikan ilmu agama dengan ilmu pengetahuan yang landasi oleh filosofi pendidikan Islam. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif, artikel ini berupaya mengidentifikasi filosofi pendidikan dalam Islam dan tantangan dalam sistem pendidikan terintegrasi yang saat ini diterapkan di sekolah dasar dan menengah di Malaysia. Hasil penelitian ini, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa dalam mengatasi masalah dikhotomi pendidikan Islam, Malaysia menerapkan pendidikan Islam integratif yang mengintegrasikan antara agama dan ilmu pengetahuan dengan model Ulul al-Bab dan kurikulum KAFFAH. Konsep Ulul al-Bab diambil dari Al-Qur'an sebagai dasar kurikulum, sedangkan dalam kurikulum KAFFAH setiap mata pelajaran yang diajarkan dikaitkan dengan nilai-nilai dan keyakinan Islam

Islamic education: The philosophy, aim, and main features

Islam has put greater emphasis on the importance of acquisition and dissemination of knowledge (‘ilm) than any other human activities. In fact, it makes it compulsory (farḍ) upon its adherents, regardless of gender, to learn and disseminate knowledge. The obligation of seeking out knowledge is binding upon every Muslim by the command of the Qur’an and Sunnah of the Prophet (PBUH). Education from Islamic perspective is often defined by Muslim scholars from three different dimensions which are reflected in different concepts introduced, important among them are; tarbiyyah – the process of education that gives emphasis on physical and intellectual development of an individual; ta’dīb – the process of education that gives emphasis on nurturing good human beings with noble codes of conduct/ethics approved by Islam, so that he may conduct and position himself in society with justice; and taʿlīm – the process of education that is based on teaching and learning. The concept of education in Islam must take into consideration of all the dimensions stated above. No matter which one of the above concepts is preferable to scholars, it should not be used as a pretext for controversy and intellectual acrimony among scholars, because what does it matter is not the concept, but the practice, methodology and its objectives. Education occupies a significant position in Islamic civilization. The first revelation to Prophet Muḥammad (PBUH) in Sūrah al-‘Alaq (verses 1-4) is about the divine instruction to “reading by the name of God”, thus underscores the tawḥīd philosophy that education in its essence is not purely a mundane activity, but an integral part of faith. Recently, the concept of education in Islam has been influenced by secularism since the time of colonization and the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, which consequently resulted in the failure of the Muslim Ummah in its quest for nation building and development according to Islamic perspective. The purpose of education in Islam is to produce a good human being (al-insān al-ṣāliḥ), who is capable of delivering his/her duties as a servant of Allāh (ʿabdullāh) and His vicegerent (khalīfah) on earth. This paper is aimed at highlighting the main features of Islamic education, its methodology and objectives in comparison with the current system of education, which is predominantly secular in its philosophy and methodology. (Keywords: Education, secularism, philosophy

Graduates' work experiences in SME's in the northern states of Malaysia

This paper was designed to examine university graduates’ expectations and experiences of employment in small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Northern States of Malaysia.A self-reported questionnaire data was gathered from 84 graduate employees. Graduates reported positive experiences in many areas.These often exceeded their expectations, and in general over-met expectations were much more common than under-met ones. The graduates’ work appeared to offer quite high autonomy, the chance to develop a wide range of skills, and to progress towards career goals, at least in the short term. In line with previous research, there were signs that pay; within enterprise career prospects and training were relatively weak areas.Taken as a whole, the results substantiated previous research done and challenge more negative images of employment in small enterprises, and also the preoccupation with under-met expectations in the literature on new entrants to enterprises