Synthesis and characterization of novel oxazines and demonstration that they specifically target cyclooxygenase 2

In the present study, we used solution combustion synthesis-bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) as catalyst for the simple and efficient synthesis of 1,2-oxazine based derivatives of 6-fluoro-3-(piperidin-4-yl)benzo[d]isoxazoles, 1-arylpiperazine and carbazoles. (4aR,8aR)-4-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-3-((4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl)methyl)-4a,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-4H-benzo[e][1,2]oxazine was found to be the most potent compound with a high degree of selectivity in inhibition towards COX2 (1.7 μM) over COX1 (40.4 μM) demonstrating the significance of 1,2-oxazine derivatives in developing COX2 specific inhibitors. Molecular docking analyses demonstrated that an isoleucine residue in the active site of COX1 is responsible for lower affinity to COX1 and increased potency towards COX2. Overall, our study reveals that the new 1,2-oxazine-based small molecules qualify as lead structures in developing COX2-specific inhibitors for anti-inflammatory therapy

Four Lessons in Versatility or How Query Languages Adapt to the Web

Exposing not only human-centered information, but machine-processable data on the Web is one of the commonalities of recent Web trends. It has enabled a new kind of applications and businesses where the data is used in ways not foreseen by the data providers. Yet this exposition has fractured the Web into islands of data, each in different Web formats: Some providers choose XML, others RDF, again others JSON or OWL, for their data, even in similar domains. This fracturing stifles innovation as application builders have to cope not only with one Web stack (e.g., XML technology) but with several ones, each of considerable complexity. With Xcerpt we have developed a rule- and pattern based query language that aims to give shield application builders from much of this complexity: In a single query language XML and RDF data can be accessed, processed, combined, and re-published. Though the need for combined access to XML and RDF data has been recognized in previous work (including the W3C’s GRDDL), our approach differs in four main aspects: (1) We provide a single language (rather than two separate or embedded languages), thus minimizing the conceptual overhead of dealing with disparate data formats. (2) Both the declarative (logic-based) and the operational semantics are unified in that they apply for querying XML and RDF in the same way. (3) We show that the resulting query language can be implemented reusing traditional database technology, if desirable. Nevertheless, we also give a unified evaluation approach based on interval labelings of graphs that is at least as fast as existing approaches for tree-shaped XML data, yet provides linear time and space querying also for many RDF graphs. We believe that Web query languages are the right tool for declarative data access in Web applications and that Xcerpt is a significant step towards a more convenient, yet highly efficient data access in a “Web of Data”

The PHENIX Experiment at RHIC

The physics emphases of the PHENIX collaboration and the design and current status of the PHENIX detector are discussed. The plan of the collaboration for making the most effective use of the available luminosity in the first years of RHIC operation is also presented.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figure. Further details of the PHENIX physics program available at http://www.rhic.bnl.gov/phenix

EFFICACY OF EGG PARASITOID (TRICHOGRAMMA CHILONIS ISHII) AND PUPAL PARASITOIDS (NESOLYNX THYMUS GIRAULT AND TETRASTICHUS HOWARDII OLIFF) AGAINST DIAPHANIA PULVERULENTALIS (HAMPSON) (LEPIDOPTERA : PYRALIDAE), A PEST OF MULBERRY

The parasitization potential of egg parasitoid, Trichogramma chillonis Ishii and two pupal parasitoids, Tetrastichus howardii Oliff and Nesolynx thymus Girault were evaluated against Diaphania pulverulentalis (Hampson) under laboratory conditions. The exposure of one, two and three day old eggs of D. pulverulentalis to adults of T chillonis resulted in parasitization rate of 90.84+ 1.18, 90.00+0.00 and 72.50+5.90 per cent, respectively. The pre-pupae and pupae in the age group ranging between one to eight days were exposed to the adults of T. howardii under laboratory conditions and the rates of the pupal parasitization were recorded. The results revealed that at pre-pupal stage, the parasitization was maximum (86.67%), however, it decreased as the age of exposure of pupae to the parasitoid was increased. Thus, maximum rates of parasitization was observed when pupal age at exposure to parasitoid was 1, 2, 3 and 4 days, whereas the parasitoid did not parasitize the pest when 7 and 8 day old pupae were exposed. In case of N. thymus, when pre-pupae were exposed to the parasitoid, the parasitization was 13.33+0.00 per cent. However, pupae exposed to N. thymus at 6, 7 and 8 days of age recorded no parasitization. Among the parasitoids tested, T. chilonis recorded highest parasitization. Between the two pupal parasitoids, T. howardii was superior than N. thymus under laboratory conditions

Role of lime with cement in long-term strength of Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks

Compressed Stabilized Earth Blocks (CSEBs) are manufactured using stabilizers to provide adequate compressive strength and durability, so, as to make them suitable as building blocks. Though cement is a popular stabilizer used in manufacture of CSEBs, no study has been reported utilizing lime in combination of cement. This experimental study on CSEBs prepared using lime as a replacement to cement in certain proportions has clearly brought out the effectiveness of lime with cement in improving the long-term build-up of strength better than using cement alone. It was observed that blocks prepared with optimum quantity of lime along with cement has led to continuous buildup of strength even beyond 2 years, whereas blocks prepared with cement alone and lesser quantity of lime than optimum quantity have not gained much strength after 6 months from the time of preparation of the blocks. The research findings show a need to relook at the grading of ingredients and quantity of stabilizers for achieving good building blocks. This would be an added benefit not only in reducing the cost of the blocks, but also has serious implications in terms of the reduction of energy consumed in the manufacture of blocks when done in large scale

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SEASONAL INCIDENCE OF COCONUT MOTH, BATRACHEDRA ARENOSELLA WALKER (LEPIDOPTERA : BATRACHEDRIDAE)

Coconut moth, Batrachedra arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera : Batrachedridae) infestation was proved to be one of the major factors responsible for immature nut fall in coconut ecosystem in South India. The larvae feed on the mesocarp of immature nuts under the perianth forming a silken web with excretory pellets. Its infestation predisposes the nuts to secondary infection by other pests and micro organisms. Feeding by B. arenosella larvae near the stalk of the nut leads to premature nut fall. Therefore investigations on the seasonal incidence of were undertaken at V.C. Farm, Mandya during 2011-12. Its incidence was more abundant on coconut during August. Adults were active throughout the year as evidenced by moth catches in all the months. The trap catches of B. arenosella exhibited a negative association with weather parameters viz., maximum temperature, sunshine hours, rainfall and positive relation with minimum temperature, morning relative humidity and afternoon relative humidity. The trap catches were found to be significantly positively correlated with wind speed. Nut damage by the larvae exhibited a negative association with maximum temperature, sunshine hours and rainfall. The incidence of the larvae was observed in the intact nuts throughout the year. An average of 11.82% incidence was observed on intact nuts which accounts for 22.39% of fallen nuts. A positive association was observed between adult trap catches and field incidence of B. arenosella on the immature nuts

Zn precipitation and Li depletion in Zn implanted ZnO

Ion implantation of Zn substituting elements in ZnO has been shown to result in a dramatic Li depletion of several microns in hydrothermally grown ZnO. This has been ascribed to a burst of mobile Zn interstials. In this study, we seek to understand the reason behind this interstitial mediated transient enhanced diffusion in Li-containing ZnO samples after Zn implantation. ZnO wafers were implanted with Zn to two doses, 5 × 1015 cm−2 and 1 × 1017 cm−2. Secondary ion mass spectrometry was carried out to profile the Li depletion depth for different annealing temperatures between 600 and 800 °C. The 800 °C annealing had the most significant Li depletion of close to 60 μm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out in selected samples to identify the reason behind the Li depletion. In particular, TEM investigations of samples annealed at 750 °C show significant Zn precipitation just below the depth of the projected range of the implanted ions. We propose that the Zn precipitation is indicative of Zn supersaturation. Both the Li depletion and Zn precipitation are competing synchronous processes aimed at reducing the excess Zn interstitials. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishing