A Training module for the integration of text, scanned graphics, and computer-generated artwork into a page layout program on a Macintosh design system

The purpose of this study is to develop a training module for integrating text, artwork, and graphics into a page layout program. Currently, the information for successful integration must be referenced from several sources. By having the key elements of integration in one volume, users attempting to layout and/or design a publication using these programs will be able to proceed quickly with fewer technical problems. Rapid growth is predicted for computer-based tools in graphic design studios, advertising agencies, and magazines which normally use computer design stations. These computer design stations require proper training to be used cost effectively. Consequently, training is important for firms investing in them. For the types of publications produced by graphic design studios, advertising agencies, and magazines, training is recommended by the author in the following five areas: word processing, artwork, graphics, page layout, and integration of programs. The manuals available for the individual programs were found to be adequate except in the area of integration. The information was spread out over several manuals and tended to assume more than entry level knowledge of computer vocabulary. The goal of this project is to bring the integration information together into one resource. Each stage of integration will be explained for a user who is not computer literate. It is necessary to specify programs for the integration training module since different programs have different requirements for integration. Programs were selected based on popularity, extensive use, and technical competence in the graphic arts industry. This project is comprised of two components. The first and major phase of the project is the experimentation, research, and writing of the integration training module. The final product will be an integration training module in the form of a reference manual. Research and experimentation will determine the specific contents and instructions for each chapter. The second component is the evaluation and subsequent revisions. A panel of judges will be asked to use the integration training module. The judges will then evaluate the module by completing a questionnaire designed to evaluate accuracy, clarity, ease of use, and usefulness. After reading the evaluations, revisions will be made to the module

Countermapping the Past : Reenvisioning Ancient Maya Spaces at Say Kah, Belize

Acknowledgments The fieldwork that contributed to this study was supported by the Wenner-Gren Foundation (Grant 9001), the National Geographic Society (Grants W377-14 and HJ-038R-17), the American Philosophical Society (Franklin Research Grant), the Curtiss T. and Mary G. Brennan Foundation, the Taft Research Center (University of Cincinnati), and the College of Arts and Sciences (University of Cincinnati), which the authors gratefully acknowledge. Our fieldwork was made possible by Dr. Fred Valdez, the Programme for Belize Archaeological Project (PfBAP), and the Belize Institute of Archaeology. Key project staff members who contributed to this work include: Lindsay Argo, Luke Aspland, Meredith Coats, Holly Dorning, Chris Motz, Beau Murphy, Anna Novotny, Colleen O’Brien, and Caleigh Richissin. Valuable feedback on the article came from Jeff Millar, Leila Rodriguez, and Stephanie Sadre-Orafai; we also thank Andrew Newman for helpful perspectives on countermapping. Finally, we are grateful for the detailed and thought-provoking comments of two anonymous reviewers, which helped clarify our thinking and strengthen our manuscript.Peer reviewedPostprin

Imaging striatal dopamine release using a nongenetically encoded near infrared fluorescent catecholamine nanosensor.

Neuromodulation plays a critical role in brain function in both health and disease, and new tools that capture neuromodulation with high spatial and temporal resolution are needed. Here, we introduce a synthetic catecholamine nanosensor with fluorescent emission in the near infrared range (1000-1300 nm), near infrared catecholamine nanosensor (nIRCat). We demonstrate that nIRCats can be used to measure electrically and optogenetically evoked dopamine release in brain tissue, revealing hotspots with a median size of 2 µm. We also demonstrated that nIRCats are compatible with dopamine pharmacology and show D2 autoreceptor modulation of evoked dopamine release, which varied as a function of initial release magnitude at different hotspots. Together, our data demonstrate that nIRCats and other nanosensors of this class can serve as versatile synthetic optical tools to monitor neuromodulatory neurotransmitter release with high spatial resolution

High-resolution temporal profiling of transcripts during Arabidopsis leaf senescence reveals a distinct chronology of processes and regulation

Leaf senescence is an essential developmental process that impacts dramatically on crop yields and involves altered regulation of thousands of genes and many metabolic and signaling pathways, resulting in major changes in the leaf. The regulation of senescence is complex, and although senescence regulatory genes have been characterized, there is little information on how these function in the global control of the process. We used microarray analysis to obtain a highresolution time-course profile of gene expression during development of a single leaf over a 3-week period to senescence. A complex experimental design approach and a combination of methods were used to extract high-quality replicated data and to identify differentially expressed genes. The multiple time points enable the use of highly informative clustering to reveal distinct time points at which signaling and metabolic pathways change. Analysis of motif enrichment, as well as comparison of transcription factor (TF) families showing altered expression over the time course, identify clear groups of TFs active at different stages of leaf development and senescence. These data enable connection of metabolic processes, signaling pathways, and specific TF activity, which will underpin the development of network models to elucidate the process of senescence

Theoretical Study of Cubic Structures Based on Fullerene Carbon Clusters: C28_{28}C and (C28)2_{28})_{2}

We study a new hypothetical form of solid carbon \csc, with a unit cell which is composed of the \cs \ fullerene cluster and an additional single carbon atom arranged in the zincblende structure. Using {\it ab initio} calculations, we show that this new form of solid carbon has lower energy than hyperdiamond, the recently proposed form composed of \cs \ units in the diamond structure. To understand the bonding character of of these cluster-based solids, we analyze the electronic structure of \csc \ and of hyperdiamond and compare them to the electronic states of crystalline cubic diamond.Comment: 15 pages, latex, no figure

Tobacco\u27s Minor Alkaloids: Effects on Place Conditioning and Nucleus Accumbens Dopamine Release in Adult and Adolescent Rats

Tobacco products are some of the most commonly used psychoactive drugs worldwide. Besides nicotine, alkaloids in tobacco include cotinine, myosmine, and anatabine. Scientific investigation of these constituents and their contribution to tobacco dependence is less well developed than for nicotine. The present study evaluated the nucleus accumbens dopamine-releasing properties and rewarding and/or aversive properties of nicotine (0.2-0.8 mg/kg), cotinine (0.5-5.0 mg/kg), anatabine (0.5-5.0 mg/kg), and myosmine (5.0-20.0 mg/kg) through in vivo microdialysis and place conditioning, respectively, in adult and adolescent male rats. Nicotine increased dopamine release at both ages, and anatabine and myosmine increased dopamine release in adults, but not adolescents. The dopamine release results were not related to place conditioning, as nicotine and cotinine had no effect on place conditioning, whereas anatabine and myosmine produced aversion in both ages. While the nucleus accumbens shell is hypothesized to play a role in strengthening drug-context associations following initiation of drug use, it may have little involvement in the motivational effects of tobacco constituents once these associations have been acquired. Effects of myosmine and anatabine on dopamine release may require a fully developed dopamine system, since no effects of these tobacco alkaloids were observed during adolescence. In summary, while anatabine and myosmine-induced dopamine release in nucleus accumbens may play a role in tobacco dependence in adults, the nature of that role remains to be elucidated

The Community Ecology of Herbivore Regulation in an Agroecosystem: Lessons from Complex Systems

AbstractWhether an ecological community is controlled from above or below remains a popular framework that continues generating interesting research questions and takes on especially important meaning in agroecosystems. We describe the regulation from above of three coffee herbivores, a leaf herbivore (the green coffee scale, Coccus viridis), a seed predator (the coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei), and a plant pathogen (the coffee rust disease, caused by Hemelia vastatrix) by various natural enemies, emphasizing the remarkable complexity involved. We emphasize the intersection of this classical question of ecology with the burgeoning field of complex systems, including references to chaos, critical transitions, hysteresis, basin or boundary collision, and spatial self-organization, all aimed at the applied question of pest control in the coffee agroecosystem

Where is the Faith? Using a CBPR Approach to Propose Adaptations to an Evidence-Based HIV Prevention Intervention for Adolescents in African American Faith Settings

African American adolescents are at increased risk for HIV/AIDS. Using a community-based participatory research approach, we engaged three black churches in adapting an evidence-based HIV prevention intervention, Focus on Youth (FOY)+ImPACT, for faith settings. To identify potential adaptations to increase FOY's relevance, utility, and efficacy for faith settings, we conducted eight focus groups pre- and post-intervention. Recommendations for maintaining FOY's core elements and enhancing its cultural authenticity include the following: incorporating faith tools, building pastor capacity, strengthening parent-child communication skills, and expanding social support for parents and youth. Engaging faith communities in adapting and implementing evidence-based HIV prevention programs could reduce HIV/AIDS disparities

The prevalence and incidence of mental ill-health in adults with autism and intellectual disabilities

The prevalence, and incidence, of mental ill-health in adults with intellectual disabilities and autism were compared with the whole population with intellectual disabilities, and with controls, matched individually for age, gender, ability-level, and Down syndrome. Although the adults with autism had a higher point prevalence of problem behaviours compared with the whole adult population with intellectual disabilities, compared with individually matched controls there was no difference in prevalence, or incidence of either problem behaviours or other mental ill-health. Adults with autism who had problem behaviours were less likely to recover over a two-year period than were their matched controls. Apparent differences in rates of mental ill-health are accounted for by factors other than autism, including Down syndrome and ability level