160 research outputs found
The Periodic Instability of Diameter of ZnO Nanowires via a Self-oscillatory Mechanism
ZnO nanowires with a periodic instability of diameter were successfully prepared by a thermal physical vapor deposition method. The morphology of ZnO nanowires was investigated by SEM. SEM shows ZnO possess periodic bead-like structure. The instability only appears when the diameter of ZnO nanowires is small. The kinetics and mechanism of Instability was discussed at length. The appearance of the instability is due to negative feed-back mechanism under certain experimental conditions (crystallization temperature, vapor supersaturation, etc)
Multi-spectral image change detection based on single-band iterative weighting and fuzzy C-means clustering
Quantum algebra in the mixed light pseudoscalar meson states
In this paper, we investigate the entanglement degrees of pseudoscalar meson
states via quantum algebra Y(su(3)). By making use of transition effect of
generators J of Y(su(3)), we construct various transition operators in terms of
J of Y(su(3)), and act them on eta-pion-eta mixing meson state. The
entanglement degrees of both the initial state and final state are calculated
with the help of entropy theory. The diagrams of entanglement degrees are
presented. Our result shows that a state with desired entanglement degree can
be achieved by acting proper chosen transition operator on an initial state.
This sheds new light on the connect among quantum information, particle physics
and Yangian algebra.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure
Experimental NMR Realization of A Generalized Quantum Search Algorithm
A generalized quantum search algorithm, where phase inversions for the marked
state and the prepared state are replaced by phase rotations, is
realized in a 2-qubit NMR heteronuclear system. The quantum algorithm searches
a marked state with a smaller step compared to standard Grover algorithm. Phase
matching requirement in quantum searching is demonstrated by comparing it with
another generalized algorithm where the two phase rotations are and
respectively. Pulse sequences which include non 90 degree pulses are
given.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in Plysics Letters
Hydrogen bond activated glycosylation under mild conditions
Herein, we report a new glycosylation system for the highly efficient and stereoselective formation of glycosidic bonds using glycosyl N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidate (PTFAI) donors and a charged thiourea hydrogen-bond-donor catalyst. The glycosylation protocol features broad substrate scope, controllable stereoselectivity, good to excellent yields and exceptionally mild catalysis conditions. Benefitting from the mild reaction conditions, this new hydrogen bond-mediated glycosylation system in combination with a hydrogen bond-mediated aglycon delivery system provides a reliable method for the synthesis of challenging phenolic glycosides. In addition, a chemoselective glycosylation procedure was developed using different imidate donors (trichloroacetimidates, N-phenyl trifluoroacetimidates, N-4-nitrophenyl trifluoroacetimidates, benzoxazolyl imidates and 6-nitro-benzothiazolyl imidates) and it was applied for a trisaccharide synthesis through a novel one-pot single catalyst strategy.Bio-organic Synthesi
Phytosterol content and the campesterol:sitosterol ratio influence cotton fiber development: role of phytosterols in cell elongation
Mapping technology space by normalizing patent networks
Technology is a complex system, with technologies relating to each other in a
space that can be mapped as a network. The technology network's structure can
reveal properties of technologies and of human behavior, if it can be mapped
accurately. Technology networks have been made from patent data, using several
measures of proximity. These measures, however, are influenced by factors of
the patenting system that do not reflect technologies or their proximity. We
introduce a method to precisely normalize out multiple impinging factors in
patent data and extract the true signal of technological proximity, by
comparing the empirical proximity measures with what they would be in random
situations that remove the impinging factors. With this method, we created
technology networks, using data from 3.9 million patents. After normalization,
different measures of proximity became more correlated with each other,
approaching a single dimension of technological proximity. The normalized
technology networks were sparse, with few pairs of technology domains being
significantly related. The normalized network corresponded with human behavior:
we analyzed the patenting histories of 2.8 million inventors and found they
were more likely to invent in two different technology domains if the pair was
closely related in the technology network. We also analyzed 250 thousand firms'
patents and found that, in contrast, firms' inventive activities were only
modestly associated with the technology network; firms' portfolios combined
pairs of technology domains about twice as often as inventors. These results
suggest that controlling for impinging factors provides meaningful measures of
technological proximity for patent-based mapping of the technology space, and
that this map can be used to aid in technology innovation planning and
management.Comment: 13 pages + 23 pages Appendix and S
Tuning Fermi level within half-metallic gap in Co-based Heusler alloys
We systematically study the tuning of Fermi level in half-metal gap for Co-based full-Heusler alloys in the frame of first-principles calculations. It is found that the position of the Fermi level within whole gap can be specified in compounds
Co2MnZ11-x Z2x (Z1 and Z2 are the III, IV or V main group element). As one of examples, Co2MnAl doped by As is further explored in detail, of which the Fermi level falls into the expectative position of the minority spin gap at proper concentration of As doping (0.5 < x < 0.75). This can effectively suppress the so-called spin-flip excitation and promise a good candidate for spintronics application
Inventors' explorations across technology domains
Data accompanying the paper "Inventors' Explorations Across Technology Domains".
Code for this study is at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1035448 and https://github.com/jeffalstott/inventorexploration and as Supporting Information at the Design Science website. While that is the code and quite slim (~14MB), the data here is large (14GB zipped, ~49GB unzipped). To use, download the code from any of those sources; it will have a file structure that includes a folder data/. Then download the data here and unzip it into data/. Now you have everything you need to reproduce the study! Below is the abstract of the study:
"Technologies are created through the collective efforts of individual inventors. Understanding inventors' behaviors may thus enable predicting invention, guiding design efforts or improving technology policy. We examined data from 2.8 million inventors' 3.9 million patents and found most patents are created by ``explorers'': inventors who move between different technology domains during their careers. We mapped the space of latent relatedness between technology domains and found explorers were 250 times more likely to enter technology domains that were highly related to the domains of their previous patents, compared to an unrelated domain. The great regularity of inventors' behavior enabled accurate prediction of individual inventors' future movements: a model trained on just 5 years of data predicted inventors' explorations 30 years later with a log-loss below 0.01. Inventors entering their most related domains was associated with patenting up to 40\% more in the new domain, but with reduced citations per patent. These findings may be instructive for inventors exploring design directions, and useful for organizations or governments in forecasting or directing technological change.
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