Distribución espacial y análisis ambiental de la flora alpina en los Pirineos

On the basis of the digital edition of the 'Atlas of the vascular flora of the Pyrenees' (www.florapyrenaea. org), the alpine flora of this mountain range is delimited in order to know its diversity and the different patterns of its spatial distribution, along with some other environmental characteristics. The Pyrenean alpine flora is made up of 645 taxa (630 species and 15 subspecies). All the administrative regions harbour more than 60% of the alpine plants, with Catalonia and Aragon reaching the highest values (around 90%). Along the altitudinal gradient, the highest plant diversity is found between 2300 and 2600 m. a. s. l., although 25% of the total alpine flora goes beyond 3000 m. On the other hand, a remarkable number of alpine plants live in the lowlands, and thus more than 300 alpine plants can be found below 1500 m. The average altitude range of the alpine plants is 1369 m, 300 m wider than that observed for the whole Pyrenean flora. Life-forms, habitat distribution and habitat naturalness of alpine plants are significantly different from those of the whole Pyrenean flora. Distribution of abundance categories also shows values of rarity significantly lower among alpine plants than for the whole flora. More than half the Pyrenean endemic plants are present in the alpine flora. High diversity and wide ecological amplitude of the alpine flora must be taken into account either when considering vulnerability of alpine plants facing 'global change' or when addressing conservation policies for the whole Pyrenees from a common perspective

Fatores afetando o consumo e utilização de forrageiras de baixa qualidade por ruminantes - revisão.

A quantidade máxima de alimento capaz de ser consumida por um ruminante e de grande importância para o produtor. De um modo geral, quanto maior for o consumo, menor será a quantidade de alimento necessário por unidade de produção. Este fato e que caracteriza a eficiência produtiva de um animal. A conseqüência econômica seria que maiores lucros estariam dependentes da capacidade dos ruminantes em digerir alimentos fibrosos mais baratos e disponíveis em maiores quantidades. O Maximo consumo de uma forragem pelo ruminante depende, primariamente, das taxas de escoamento do rúmen da celulose e hemicelulose. Estas taxas, por sua vez, depende de vários fatores que interferem na atividade da flora microbiana do rúmen, quais sejam: evolução do processo de lignificação com o estágio de maturação das forrageiras, parcial ausência de nutrientes para a microflora como nitrogênio ou minerais e a presença em excesso de agentes bacteriostáticos. Dada a sua importância econômica e cientifica, este assunto vem sendo estudado extensivamente por nutricionistas e fisiologistas em varias partes do mundo, gerando uma enorme gama de conceitos relacionados ao binômio animal-planta, parte dos quais foram reunidos no presente trabalho de revisão.bitstream/item/131377/1/fatores-afetando-o-consumo.pd

Efecto de la energía microondas sobre la calidad de cuatro variedades españolas de arroz

A microwave system can be used as an alternative method to methyl bromide to control rice storage pests. Four rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) grown in Spain ("Bomba", "Senia", "Puntal" and "Thainato") were irradiated with three levels of microwave energy (0, 70 and 100 J gE1). Rice quality attributes were analysed to establish hypothetical quality changes in order to use microwave energy as an alternative method to control pests. Results of the factorial analysis showed that the analysed attributes differed more within varieties than among microwave treatments of the varieties, except for "Thainato" which, after applying microwave energy of 100 J gE1, presented a different adhesiveness from the other two treatments determined by factor 1 and "Puntal" treated with microwaves presented a different water uptake and loss of solids in cooking water determined by factor 3 than the control. The increase in hardness and decrease in adhesiveness as a consequence of the microwave treatment could possibly damage rice quality. This aspect must be taken into account with this method. In conclusion, microwave energy can be used as an alternative method of insect control because it does not seriously affect rice quality. Microwave treatments did not leave undesirable residues and could be as effective at controlling insect infestation as any procedure currently available.A fin de analizar la utilización de energía microondas como método alternativo al bromuro de metilo para el control de plagas en arroz almacenado, se irradiaron cuatro variedades de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) cultivadas en España ("Bomba", "Puntal", "Senia" y "Thainato") con dos niveles de energía microondas (0, 70 y 100 J gE1). Se analizaron las posibles modificaciones de los atributos de calidad del arroz debidos al empleo de energía microondas. Los resultados demuestran que existen más diferencias de los atributos de calidad entre las diferentes variedades que entre tratamientos microondas, únicamente "Thainato" con el tratamiento de 100 J gE1 de energía microondas se diferenció de los otros dos tratamientos en el atributo adhesividad determinado por el factor 1 y "Puntal" tratado con microondas se diferenció del control en los atributos absorción de agua y sólidos cedidos al agua de cocción determinados por el factor 3. El aumento de consistencia y la disminución de la adhesividad como consecuencia del tratamiento microondas podrían ser un posible peligro para la calidad del arroz a tener en cuenta con este método. Por tanto, se puede afirmar que la energía microondas puede ser un método alternativo de desinsectación, ya que no afecta de forma significativa a la calidad del arroz, no deja residuos y es tan efectiva como cualquier método de desinsectación disponible hoy día

Distribución espacial y análisis ambiental de la flora alpina en los Pirineos

On the basis of the digital edition of the 'Atlas of the vascular flora of the Pyrenees' (www.florapyrenaea. org), the alpine flora of this mountain range is delimited in order to know its diversity and the different patterns of its spatial distribution, along with some other environmental characteristics. The Pyrenean alpine flora is made up of 645 taxa (630 species and 15 subspecies). All the administrative regions harbour more than 60% of the alpine plants, with Catalonia and Aragon reaching the highest values (around 90%). Along the altitudinal gradient, the highest plant diversity is found between 2300 and 2600 m. a. s. l., although 25% of the total alpine flora goes beyond 3000 m. On the other hand, a remarkable number of alpine plants live in the lowlands, and thus more than 300 alpine plants can be found below 1500 m. The average altitude range of the alpine plants is 1369 m, 300 m wider than that observed for the whole Pyrenean flora. Life-forms, habitat distribution and habitat naturalness of alpine plants are significantly different from those of the whole Pyrenean flora. Distribution of abundance categories also shows values of rarity significantly lower among alpine plants than for the whole flora. More than half the Pyrenean endemic plants are present in the alpine flora. High diversity and wide ecological amplitude of the alpine flora must be taken into account either when considering vulnerability of alpine plants facing 'global change' or when addressing conservation policies for the whole Pyrenees from a common perspective

Photolytic Degradation of Benorylate Effects of the Photoproducts on Cultured Hepatocytes

[EN] The photodegradation of benorylate [4¿-(acetamido)phenyl-2-acetoxybenzoate], a drug frequently used in rheumatoid arthritis therapy, has been examined under different sets of experimental conditions. Several photoproducts have been isolated and identified on the basis of their IR, NMR, and MS spectra. The most significant photochemical process is the photo-Fries rearrangement of benorylate, leading to 5-acetamido-2¿-acetoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (1). This compound undergoes a rapid transacylation to the isomeric 5¿-acetamido-2¿-acetoxy-2-hydroxybenzophenone (2). A primary culture of rat hepatocytes has been used to evaluate the possible toxicity of these two benzophenones, keeping in mind the following criteria: leakage of cytosolic enzymes, attachment index to culture plates, gluconeogenesis from lactate and fructose, glycogen balance, and albumin synthesis. At the concentrations assayed, neither of the two major photoproducts of benorylate (benzophenones 1 and 2) had significant toxic effects on liver cells in culture.Financial support Comisión Asesora de Investigación Científica y Técnica (grant no.1325) is gratefully acknowledged.Castell, J.; Gómez-Lechon, M.; Mirabet, V.; Miranda Alonso, MÁ.; Morera Bertomeu, IM. (1987). Photolytic Degradation of Benorylate Effects of the Photoproducts on Cultured Hepatocytes. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 76(5):374-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/jps.2600760507S37437876

Evaluation of the xenobiotic biotransformation capability of six rodent hepatoma cell lines in comparison with rat hepatocytes

Evaluation of the xenobiotic biotransformation capability of six rodent hepatoma cell lines in comparison with rat hepatocyte