1,357 research outputs found
The introduction of the new control method of plant viruses infection for organic farming
Pepper mild mosaic virus (PMMoV) and cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) are economically important viruses, which cause enormous losses by infecting various vegetable crops. worldwide. Various strategies based on the avoidance of sources of infection, control of vectors have been conventionally employed to minimize the losses caused by these viruses. These strategies, however have not been effective as control tools. We have found that the extracts of gallnuts from Quercus dentate and Rhus javanica strongly inhibit PMMoV and CMV infection. The gallnuts are plant excretion produced when irritants are released by the larvae of gall insects. They contain high amounts of tannic acid such as gallic acid and ellagic acid. Also the gallnut extracts are widely used in pharmaceuticals, food and feed additives, it is safe natural material which can be used in organic farming. Our results indicate that they are potent plant viruses inhibitors that maybe used to prevent the spread of viruses infections in the cultivating farm
Design Optimization for Shear Key on the TF Coil Structure of the KSTAR Tokamak
The KSTAR tokamak is comprised of a magnet system, vacuum vessel, and cryostat, thereby facilitating vacuum conditions for plasma gas at high temperatures, along with low-temperature helium gas for cooling. The TF coil structure, a part of the magnet system, is constructed and jointed with 16 pieces at 22.5-degree intervals using a conical bolt and shear key. The main function of the shear key in the inner and outer inter-coil structures is to resist in-plane and out-of-plane forces and to increase the shear stiffness for the inter coil structures. However, since the shape of the shear key is difficult to produce and can incur high costs, the shear key needs to be dimensionally optimized to regularize the stress between the key and the structure. Accordingly, shape optimization of the shear key was carried out using the Taguchi method and the stresses analyzed by ANSYS
Brain Structural Networks Associated with Intelligence and Visuomotor Ability
Increasing evidence indicates that multiple structures in the brain are associated with intelligence
and cognitive function at the network level. The association between the grey matter (GM) structural
network and intelligence and cognition is not well understood. We applied a multivariate approach
to identify the pattern of GM and link the structural network to intelligence and cognitive functions.
Structural magnetic resonance imaging was acquired from 92 healthy individuals. Source-based
morphometry analysis was applied to the imaging data to extract GM structural covariance. We
assessed the intelligence, verbal fluency, processing speed, and executive functioning of the
participants and further investigated the correlations of the GM structural networks with intelligence
and cognitive functions. Six GM structural networks were identified. The cerebello-parietal component
and the frontal component were significantly associated with intelligence. The parietal and frontal
regions were each distinctively associated with intelligence by maintaining structural networks with
the cerebellum and the temporal region, respectively. The cerebellar component was associated
with visuomotor ability. Our results support the parieto-frontal integration theory of intelligence by
demonstrating how each core region for intelligence works in concert with other regions. In addition,
we revealed how the cerebellum is associated with intelligence and cognitive functions
First Principles Calculation of Elastic Properties of Solid Argon at High Pressures
The density and the elastic stiffness coefficients of fcc solid argon at high
pressures from 1 GPa up to 80 GPa are computed by first-principles
pseudopotential method with plane-wave basis set and the generalized gradient
approximation (GGA). The result is in good agreement with the experimental
result recently obtained with the Brillouin spectroscopy by Shimizu et al.
[Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 4568 (2001)]. The Cauchy condition was found to be
strongly violated as in the experimental result, indicating large contribution
from non-central many-body force. The present result has made it clear that the
standard density functional method with periodic boundary conditions can be
successfully applied for calculating elastic properties of rare gas solids at
high pressures in contrast to those at low pressures where dispersion forces
are important.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, submitted to PR
Electromagnetic String Fluid in Rolling Tachyon
We study Born-Infeld type effective action for unstable D3-brane system
including a tachyon and an Abelian gauge field, and find the rolling tachyon
with constant electric and magnetic fields as the most general homogeneous
solution. Tachyonic vacua are characterized by magnitudes of the electric and
magnetic fields and the angle between them. Analysis of small fluctuations in
this background shows that the obtained configuration may be interpreted as a
fluid consisting of string-like objects carrying electric and magnetic fields.
They are stretched along one direction and the rolling tachyon move in a
perpendicular direction to the strings. Direction of the propagating waves
coincides with that of strings with velocity equal to electric field.Comment: LaTeX, 18 pages, 1 figure, minor correction
Vacuum structure of Toroidal Carbon Nanotubes
Low energy excitations in carbon nanotubes can be described by an effective
field theory of two components spinor. It is pointed out that the chiral
anomaly in 1+1 dimensions should be observed in a metallic toroidal carbon
nanotube on a planar geometry with varying magnetic field. We propose an
experimental setup for studying this quantum effect. We also analyze the vacuum
structure of the metallic toroidal carbon nanotube including the Coulomb
interactions and discuss some effects of external charges on the vacuum.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figure
Constitutive activation of T cells by γ2-herpesviral GPCR through the interaction with cellular CXCR4
Members of the herpesviral family use multiple strategies to hijack infected host cells and exploit cellular signaling for their pathogenesis and latent infection. Among the most intriguing weapons in the arsenal of pathogenic herpesviruses are the constitutively active virally-encoded G protein-coupled receptors (vGPCRs). Even though vGPCRs contribute to viral pathogenesis such as immune evasion and proliferative disorders, the molecular details of how vGPCRs continuously activate cellular signaling are largely unknown. Here, we report that the vGPCR of Herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), an oncogenic gamma 2-herpesvirus, constitutively activates T cells via a heteromeric interaction with cellular CXCR4. Constitutive T cell activation also occurs with expression of the vGPCR of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but not the vGPCR of Epstein-Barr virus. Expression of HVS vGPCR down-regulated the surface expression of CXCR4 but did not induce the degradation of the chemokine receptor, suggesting that vGPCR/CXCR4 signaling continues in cytosolic compartments. The physical association of vGPCR with CXCR4 was demonstrated by proximity ligation assay as well as immunoprecipitation. Interestingly, the constitutive activation of T cells by HVS vGPCR is independent of proximal T cell receptor (TCR) signaling molecules, such as TcR beta, Lck, and ZAP70, whereas CXCR4 silencing by shRNA abolished T cell activation by vGPCRs of HVS and KSHV. Furthermore, previously identified inactive vGPCR mutants failed to interact with CXCR4. These findings on the positive cooperativity of vGPCR with cellular CXCR4 in T cell activation extend our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of vGPCR function and highlight the importance of heteromerization for GPCR activity. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.1111Ysciescopu
High-temperature deformation behavior of a gamma TiAl alloy-microstructural evolution and mechanisms
The present investigation was carried out in the context of the internal-variable theory of inelastic deformation and the dynamic-materials model (DMM), to shed light on the high-temperature deformation mechanisms in TiAl. A series of load-relaxation tests and tensile tests were conducted on a fine-grained duplex gamma TiAl alloy at temperatures ranging from 800 degreesC to 1050 degreesC. Results of the load-relaxation tests, in which the deformation took place at an infinitesimal level (epsilon congruent to 0.05), showed that the deformation behavior of the alloy was well described by the sum of dislocation-glide and dislocation-climb processes. To investigate the deformation behavior of the fine-grained duplex gamma TiAl alloy at a finite strain level, processing maps were constructed on the basis of a DMM. For this purpose, compression tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from 800 degreesC to 1250 degreesC using strain rates ranging from 10 to 10(-4)/s. Two domains were identified and characterized in the processing maps obtained at finite strain levels (0.2 and 0.6). One domain was found in the region of 980 degreesC and 10(-3)/s with a peak efficiency (maximum efficiency of power dissipation) of 48 pct and was identified as a domain of dynamic recrystallization (DRx) from microstructural observations. Another domain with a peak efficiency of 64 pct was located in the region of 1250 degreesC and 10(-4)/s and was considered to be a domain of superplasticity.ope
Precise measurement of hadronic tau-decays with an eta meson
We have studied hadronic tau decay modes involving an eta meson using 490
fb^{-1} of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy
e+e- collider. The following branching fractions have been measured: B(tau- ->
K- eta nu)=(1.58 +- 0.05 +- 0.09)x 10^{-4}, B(tau- -> K- pi0 eta nu)=(4.6 +-
1.1 +- 0.4)x 10^{-5}, B(tau- -> pi- pi0 eta nu)=(1.35 +- 0.03 +- 0.07)x
10^{-3}, B(tau- -> pi- KS eta nu)=(4.4 +- 0.7 +- 0.2)x 10^{-5}, and B(tau- ->
K^{*-} eta nu)=(1.34 +- 0.12 +- 0.09)x 10^{-4}. These results are substantially
more precise than previous measurements. The new measurements are compared with
theoretical calculations based on the CVC hypothesis or the chiral perturbation
theory. We also set upper limits on branching fractions for tau decays into K-
KS eta nu, pi- KS pi0 eta nu, K- eta eta nu, pi- eta eta nu and non-resonant K-
pi^0 eta nu final states.Comment: 24 pages, 7 figure
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