A Bibliografia do xisto

Descreve as características e as condições de pesquisa bibliográfica em xistos oleígenos que a Bibliografia do Xisto apresenta: cobertura exaustivada literatura internacional (12.717 referências) com indicação da(s) área(s) de conhecimento coberta(s)pelo trabalho (Aplicação, Biologia, Documentação,Economia, Geologia, História, Legislação e RegrasNormativas, Mineração e Prospecção, Mineralogia ePetrografia, Notícias, Origem, Paleontologia,Política e Programas, Propriedades Fundamentais,Química, Saúde e Tecnologia). A Bibliografia utiliza o sistema automático de indexação KWOC e é composta das seguintes partes: 1) índice Cronológico de Referências: relaciona as referências pelo ano de publicação e, dentro de cada ano, por ordem do número de registro do documento na Bibliografia do Xisto; 2) Índice de Autores:relaciona os autores em ordem alfabética, listando cronologicamente os vários trabalhos de cada um;3) índice de Termos: palavras-chave dos títulos dos documentos e áreas de conhecimento; 4) Lista da Produção Literária (total) dos Autores; 5) Lista de Ocorrência dos Termos; 6) Lista e Gráfico da Freqüência Anual dos Trabalhos; 7) Lista de Publicações Periódicas: arrola alfabeticamente as abreviaturas normalizadas dos 2.3OO títulos constantes da Bibliografia. Toda a Bibliografia do Xisto está normalizada em inglês e se encontra gravada em microfichas. Bibliografias setoriais sobre cada uma das 17 áreas de conhecimento (emais Patentes e Teses) foram produzidas a partir da grande Bibliografia, utilizando o mesmo sistema de indexação. Por solicitação dos usuários,bibliografias restritas a termos específicos ou a expressões booleanas, com entradas do Índice de Termos, podem ser produzidas, por computador, a partir da grande Bibliografia. Abstract Describes the characteristics and facilities of bibliographical research on oil shales provided by the Oil Shale Bibliography: world-wide coverage of the literature (12.717 references) classified according to 17 areas of knowledge-. Application,Biology, Chemistry, Documentation, Economy,Fundamental Properties, Geology, Health, History,Legislation and Normative Rules, Mineralogy and Petrography, Mining and Prospection, News, Origin, Paleontology, Politics and Programs, and Technology. The Bibliography uses the KWOC automatic indexing system and consists of a Chronological Index, an Author Index, a Subject Index, a List of the Authors' (total) Literary Production, a List of Occurrence of Words, a Listand Graph of the Annual Frequency of Papers and aList of Serials. The whole Oil Shale Bibliography is translated into English and is recorded in microfiches. Sectorial bibliographies on each of the 17 areas of knowledge (plus Patents and Theses)were computer produced from the Bibliography,using the same indexing system. Bibliographies restricted to specific words (keywords) or boolean expressions, may also be computer produced from the Bibliography

Impact of a Tutored Theoretical-Practical Training to Develop Undergraduate Students’ Skills for the Detection of Caries Lesions: Study Protocol for a Multicenter Controlled Randomized Study

Background: Tutored laboratorial activities could be a manner of improving the competency development of students. However, its impact over conventional theoretical classes has not yet been tested. Additionally, different university contexts could influence this issue and should be explored. Objective: To assess the impact of a tutored theoretical-practical training for teaching undergraduate students to detect caries lesions as compared with theoretical teaching activities. The impact of these teaching/learning activities will be assessed in terms of efficacy, cost/benefit, retention of knowledge/acquired competences, and student acceptability. Methods: Sixteen centers (7 centers from Brazil and 9 centers from other countries throughout the world) are involved in the inclusion of subjects for this protocol. A randomized controlled study with parallel groups will be conducted. One group (control) will be exposed to a 60- to 90-minute conventional theoretical class and the other group (test) will be exposed to the same theoretical class and also a 90-minute laboratory class, including exercises and discussions based on the evaluation of a pool of images and extracted teeth. The mentioned outcomes will be evaluated immediately after the teaching activities and also in medium- and long-term analyses. To compare the long-term outcomes, students who enrolled in the university before the participating students will be interviewed for data collection and these data will be used as a control and compared with the trained group. This stage will be a nonrandomized phase of this study, nested in the main study. Appropriate statistical analysis will be performed according to the aims of this study. Variables related to the centers will also be analyzed and used to model adjustment as possible sources of variability among results. Results: This ongoing study is funded by a Brazilian national funding agency (CNPq- 400736/2014-4). We expect that the tutored theoretical-practical training will improve the undergraduate students’ performance in the detection of caries lesions and subsequent treatment decisions, mainly in terms of long-term retention of knowledge. Our hypothesis is that tutored theoretical-practical training is a more cost-effective option for teaching undergraduate students to detect caries lesions. Conclusions: If our hypothesis is confirmed, the use of laboratory training in conjunction with theoretical classes could be used as an educational strategy in Cariology to improve the development of undergraduate students’ skills in the detection of caries lesions and clinical decision-making

Topical 1% Nalbuphine on corneal sensivity and epitheilization after experimental lamellar keratectomy in rabbits

The present study was aimed to evaluate the effects of topical 1% nalbuphine on corneal sensitivity and re-epithelialization, after lamellar keratectomy in rabbits. All protocols were approved by the Animal Care Comission of São Paulo State University (Protocol 028793-08) and were conducted in accordance with the Institutional Animal Committee and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO) statement for the use of animals in research. Surgeries were performed on the left eye (Nalbuphine Group) and on the right eye (Control Group). Two groups were formed (n=10) and corneas received either 30µl of 1% nalbuphine (NG) or 30µl of 0,9% saline (CG). Treatments occurred at 7, 11, 15 and 19 hours. After the surgery, the corneas were stained with fluorescein and photographed daily; corneal touch threshold (CTT) was assessed with Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer, at 7 and 19 hours, 20 minutes after treatments. Data were statistically compared with repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc test, and T test (P0.05); however, a higher area under the curve for both parameters was observed in the NG (2771), in comparison to CG (2164). Topical 1% nalbuphine did not change significantly corneal sensitivity and re-epithelialization, after experimental lamellar keratectomy in rabbits.Avaliaram-se os efeitos da nalbufina 1% sobre o limiar de sensibilidade corneal (LSC) e a epitelização corneal em coelhos submetidos à ceratectomia lamelar unilateral. Os procedimentos foram aprovados pela Comissão de Ética no Uso de Animais da Faculdade de Ciências Agrarias e Veterinárias da Universidade Estadual Paulista (Protocolo no 028793-08), de acordo com as normas do Institutional Animal Committee and the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). Conceberam-se dois grupos (n=10) e os olhos foram tratados com 30µl de Nalbufina 1% (Olho esquerdo - GN) ou com 30µl de solução salina (Olho direito - GC), às 7, 11, 15 e 19 horas das ceratectomias unilaterais, até sua reepitelização. O limiar de sensibilidade corneal (LSC) foi avaliado 20 minutos após cada tratamento, 48 horas antes e depois da ceratectomia a intervalos regulares de 12 horas (7 e 19 horas) com estesiômetro de Cochet-Bonnet. Após a realização da cirurgia, diariamente, as córneas foram coradas com fluoresceína e registradas em fotos digitais para mensuração em software Image-J. A normalidade dos dados foi avaliada ao teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. O limiar de sensibilidade e a área ulcerada foram comparados ao teste de Bonferroni, após ANOVA de medias repetidas (P0,05), todavia, constatou-se maior área sob a curva, relativamente ao LSC, no GN (2771), comparativamente ao GC (2164). O tempo médio±DP de reepitelização no GN foi de 7,40±0,47 dias e de 8,90±0,31 dias no GC, não havendo diferença significativa entre os grupos (P=0,11). Como conclusão, tem-se que o uso tópico de nalbufina 1% não alterou significativamente o limiar de sensibilidade e a reepitelização corneais em coelhos submetidos a ceratectomia lamelar experimental