Brane world corrections to Newton's law

We discuss possible variations of the effective gravitational constant with length scale, predicted by most of alternative theories of gravity and unified models of physical interactions. After a brief general exposition, we review in more detail the predicted corrections to Newton's law of gravity in diverse brane world models. We consider various configurations in 5 dimensions (flat, de Sitter and AdS branes in Einstein and Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theories, with and without induced gravity and possible incomplete graviton localization), 5D multi-brane systems and some models in higher dimensions. A common feature of all models considered is the existence of corrections to Newton's law at small radii comparable with the bulk characteristic length: at such radii, gravity on the brane becomes effectively multidimensional. Many models contain superlight perturbation modes, which modify gravity at large scale and may be important for astrophysics and cosmology.Comment: Brief review, 16 pages, 92 references. Some description and references adde

Search for the Electric Dipole Moment of the tau Lepton

We have searched for a CP violation signature arising from an electric dipole moment (d_tau) of the tau lepton in the e+e- -> tau+tau- reaction. Using an optimal observable method and 29.5 fb^{-1} of data collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider at sqrt{s} = 10.58 GeV, we find Re(d_tau) = (1.15 +- 1.70) x 10^{-17} ecm and Im(d_tau) = (-0.83 +- 0.86) x 10^{-17} ecm and set the 95% confidence level limits -2.2 < Re(d_tau) < 4.5 (10^{-17}ecm) and -2.5 < Im(d_tau) < 0.8 (10^{-17}ecm).Comment: 15 pages, LaTeX, 21 figures, submitted to Phys. Lett.

A Novel Mass Hierarchy and Discrete Excitation Spectra from Quantum-Fluctuating D-branes

We elaborate further on a recently proposed scenario for generating a mass hierarchy through quantum fluctuations of a single D3 brane, which represents our world embedded in a bulk five-dimensional space time. In this scenario, the quantum fluctuations of the D3-brane world in the bulk direction, quantified to leading order via a `recoil' world-sheet logarithmic conformal field theory approach, result in the dynamical appearance of a supersymmetry breaking (obstruction) scale alpha. This may be naturally taken to be at the TeV range, in order to provide a solution to the conventional gauge-hierarchy problem. The bulk spatial direction is characterized by the dynamical appearance of an horizon located at +- 1/alpha, inside which the positive energy conditions for the existence of stable matter are satisfied. To ensure the correct value of the four-dimensional Planck mass, the bulk string scale M_s is naturally found to lie at an intermediate energy scale of 10^{14} GeV. As an exclusive feature of the D3-brane quantum fluctuations (`recoil') we find that, for any given M_5, there is a discrete mass spectrum for four-dimensional Kaluza-Klein (KK) modes of bulk graviton and/or scalar fields. KK modes with masses 0 <= m < sqrt{2}alpha << M_s are found to have wavefunctions peaked, and hence localized, on the D3 brane at z=0.Comment: 21 pages latex, three eps figures incorporate

Supersymmetry beyond minimal flavour violation

We review the sources and phenomenology of non-minimal flavour violation in the MSSM. We discuss in some detail the most important theoretical and experimental constraints, as well as promising observables to look for supersymmetric effects at the LHC and in the future. We emphasize the sensitivity of flavour physics to the mechanism of supersymmetry breaking and to new degrees of freedom present at fundamental scales, such as the grand unification scale. We include a discussion of present data that may hint at departures from the Standard Model.Comment: 23pp. Version to appear in the EPJC special volume "Supersymmetry on the Eve of the LHC", dedicated to the memory of Julius Wess. References and brief discussion on collider signatures adde

The Economic Sustainability of Tourism Growth through Leakage Calculation

The development and growth of tourism depend on its sustainability over time and on its benefits for destinations as a whole. However, calculating sustainability is not an easy task. This article focuses on the economic sustainability of tourism growth and, after an exhaustive review of the literature, proposes a quantitative mathematical model to measure it by analysing and calculating leakage in the hotel sector. Leakage analyses the amount of revenue generated by tourists that does not remain in the destination economy. Through a sample of 204 interviews with managers, this study validates the model created and calculates leakage in a mass tourism destination (the Valencian Region in Spain). The paper opens new areas of research in sustainability literature and will be of value to tourism planners and governments in their efforts to implement appropriate tourism development policies.Garrigós Simón, FJ.; Galdón Salvador, JL.; Gil Pechuán, I. (2015). The economic sustainability of tourism growth through leakage calculation. Tourism Economics. 21(4):721-739. doi:10.5367/te.2014.0372721739214Abelson, P. (2011). Evaluating Major Events and Avoiding the Mercantilist Fallacy*. Economic Papers: A journal of applied economics and policy, 30(1), 48-59. doi:10.1111/j.1759-3441.2011.00096.xAdams, P. D., & Parmenter, B. R. (1995). An applied general equilibrium analysis of the economic effects of tourism in a quite small, quite open economy. Applied Economics, 27(10), 985-994. doi:10.1080/00036849500000079Archer, B. (1995). Importance of tourism for the economy of Bermuda. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(4), 918-930. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(95)00018-1Archer, B., & Fletcher, J. (1996). The economic impact of tourism in the Seychelles. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(1), 32-47. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(95)00041-0Arrow, K., Bolin, B., Costanza, R., Dasgupta, P., Folke, C., Holling, C. S., … Pimentel, D. (1995). Economic Growth, Carrying Capacity, and the Environment. Science, 268(5210), 520-521. doi:10.1126/science.268.5210.520Asiedu, A. B. (2008). Participants’ characteristics and economic benefits of visiting friends and relatives (VFR) tourism - an international survey of the literature with implications for Ghana. International Journal of Tourism Research, 10(6), 609-621. doi:10.1002/jtr.698Blake, A., & Sinclair, M. T. (2003). TOURISM CRISIS MANAGEMENT. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(4), 813-832. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(03)00056-2Blake, A., Arbache, J. S., Sinclair, M. T., & Teles, V. (2008). Tourism and poverty relief. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(1), 107-126. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2007.06.013Buhalis, D., & Law, R. (2008). Progress in information technology and tourism management: 20 years on and 10 years after the Internet—The state of eTourism research. Tourism Management, 29(4), 609-623. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2008.01.005Correspondence. (1999). Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 705-708. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00011-0Budeanu, A. (2007). Sustainable tourist behaviour ? a discussion of opportunities for change. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 31(5), 499-508. doi:10.1111/j.1470-6431.2007.00606.xBUTLER, R. W. (1980). THE CONCEPT OF A TOURIST AREA CYCLE OF EVOLUTION: IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT OF RESOURCES. The Canadian Geographer/Le Géographe canadien, 24(1), 5-12. doi:10.1111/j.1541-0064.1980.tb00970.xButler, R. W. (1999). Sustainable tourism: A state‐of‐the‐art review. Tourism Geographies, 1(1), 7-25. doi:10.1080/14616689908721291Carbone, M. (2005). Sustainable Tourism in Developing Countries: Poverty Alleviation, Participatory Planning, and Ethical Issues. The European Journal of Development Research, 17(3), 559-565. doi:10.1080/09578810500209841Cawley, M., & Gillmor, D. A. (2008). Integrated rural tourism: Annals of Tourism Research, 35(2), 316-337. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2007.07.011Cernat, L., & Gourdon, J. (2012). Paths to success: Benchmarking cross-country sustainable tourism. Tourism Management, 33(5), 1044-1056. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2011.12.007Chhabra, D., Sills, E., & Cubbage, F. W. (2003). The Significance of Festivals to Rural Economies: Estimating the Economic Impacts of Scottish Highland Games in North Carolina. Journal of Travel Research, 41(4), 421-427. doi:10.1177/0047287503041004012Dritsakis, N. (2004). Tourism as a Long-Run Economic Growth Factor: An Empirical Investigation for Greece Using Causality Analysis. Tourism Economics, 10(3), 305-316. doi:10.5367/0000000041895094Dritsakis, N. (2012). Tourism Development and Economic Growth in Seven Mediterranean Countries: A Panel Data Approach. Tourism Economics, 18(4), 801-816. doi:10.5367/te.2012.0140Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., Madden, J., & Spurr, R. (2000). Economic Impacts of Inbound Tourism under Different Assumptions Regarding the Macroeconomy. Current Issues in Tourism, 3(4), 325-363. doi:10.1080/13683500008667877Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Spurr, R. (2006). Assessing the Economic Impacts of Events: A Computable General Equilibrium Approach. Journal of Travel Research, 45(1), 59-66. doi:10.1177/0047287506288907Frechtling, D. C., & Horváth, E. (1999). Estimating the Multiplier Effects of Tourism Expenditures on a Local Economy through a Regional Input-Output Model. Journal of Travel Research, 37(4), 324-332. doi:10.1177/004728759903700402Simón, F. J. G., Narangajavana, Y., & Marqués, D. P. (2004). Carrying capacity in the tourism industry: a case study of Hengistbury Head. Tourism Management, 25(2), 275-283. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(03)00089-xGartner, W. C. (s. f.). SMALL SCALE ENTERPRISES IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY IN GHANA’S CENTRAL REGION. CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT, 158-175. doi:10.4324/9780203380307_chapter_10Gooroochurn, N., & Thea Sinclair, M. (2005). Economics of tourism taxation. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(2), 478-498. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2004.10.003Haddad, E. A., Porsse, A. A., & Rabahy, W. (2013). Domestic Tourism and Regional Inequality in Brazil. Tourism Economics, 19(1), 173-186. doi:10.5367/te.2013.0185Hjerpe, E. E., & Kim, Y.-S. (2007). Regional economic impacts of Grand Canyon river runners. Journal of Environmental Management, 85(1), 137-149. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.08.012Hohl, A. E., & Tisdell, C. A. (1995). Peripheral tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 22(3), 517-534. doi:10.1016/0160-7383(95)00005-qHughes, H. L. (1994). Tourism multiplier studies: a more judicious approach. Tourism Management, 15(6), 403-406. doi:10.1016/0261-5177(94)90059-0Huse, M., Gustavsen, T., & Almedal, S. (1998). Tourism impact comparisons among norwegian towns. Annals of Tourism Research, 25(3), 721-738. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(98)00019-xKim, S. S., Chon, K., & Chung, K. Y. (2003). Convention industry in South Korea: an economic impact analysis. Tourism Management, 24(5), 533-541. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(03)00006-2Klijs, J., Heijman, W., Maris, D. K., & Bryon, J. (2012). Criteria for Comparing Economic Impact Models of Tourism. Tourism Economics, 18(6), 1175-1202. doi:10.5367/te.2012.0172Kokkranikal, J., McLellan, R., & Baum, T. (2003). Island Tourism and Sustainability: A Case Study of the Lakshadweep Islands. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(5), 426-447. doi:10.1080/09669580308667214Kweka, J., Morrissey, O., & Blake, A. (2003). The economic potential of tourism in Tanzania. Journal of International Development, 15(3), 335-351. doi:10.1002/jid.990Lacher, R. G., & Nepal, S. K. (2010). From Leakages to Linkages: Local-Level Strategies for Capturing Tourism Revenue in Northern Thailand. Tourism Geographies, 12(1), 77-99. doi:10.1080/14616680903493654Lee, C.-C., & Chang, C.-P. (2008). Tourism development and economic growth: A closer look at panels. Tourism Management, 29(1), 180-192. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2007.02.013Lejárraga, I., & Walkenhorst, P. (2010). On linkages and leakages: measuring the secondary effects of tourism. Applied Economics Letters, 17(5), 417-421. doi:10.1080/13504850701765127Mbaiwa, J. E. (2005). Enclave tourism and its socio-economic impacts in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Tourism Management, 26(2), 157-172. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2003.11.005Mihalič, T. (2000). Environmental management of a tourist destination. Tourism Management, 21(1), 65-78. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00096-5Morrison, A., & Thomas, R. (1999). The future of small firms in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 11(4), 148-154. doi:10.1108/09596119910263531Mowforth, M. (2003). Tourism and Sustainability. doi:10.4324/9780203422779Mshenga, P. M., & Richardson, R. B. (2012). Micro and small enterprise participation in tourism in coastal Kenya. Small Business Economics, 41(3), 667-681. doi:10.1007/s11187-012-9449-5Patterson, T. M., Niccolucci, V., & Marchettini, N. (2008). Adaptive environmental management of tourism in the Province of Siena, Italy using the ecological footprint. Journal of Environmental Management, 86(2), 407-418. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.04.017Pratt, S. (2011). Economic linkages and impacts across the talc. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(2), 630-650. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2010.11.014Pratt, S., & Blake, A. (2009). The Economic Impact of Hawaii’s Cruise Industry. Tourism Analysis, 14(3), 337-351. doi:10.3727/108354209789704977Rid, W., Ezeuduji, I. O., & Pröbstl-Haider, U. (2014). Segmentation by motivation for rural tourism activities in The Gambia. Tourism Management, 40, 102-116. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2013.05.006Saarinen, J. (2006). Traditions of sustainability in tourism studies. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(4), 1121-1140. doi:10.1016/j.annals.2006.06.007Sandbrook, C. G. (2008). Putting leakage in its place: The significance of retained tourism revenue in the local context in Rural Uganda. Journal of International Development, 22(1), 124-136. doi:10.1002/jid.1507Shaalan, I. M. (2005). Sustainable tourism development in the Red Sea of Egypt threats and opportunities. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(2), 83-87. doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.12.012Sheng, L., & Tsui, Y. (2009). Taxing tourism: enhancing or reducing welfare? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(5), 627-635. doi:10.1080/09669580902855828Simpson, P., & Wall, G. (1999). Consequences of resort development. A comparative study. Tourism Management, 20(3), 283-296. doi:10.1016/s0261-5177(99)00025-4Slee, B., Farr, H., & Snowdon, P. (1997). THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE TYPES OF RURAL TOURISM. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 48(1-3), 179-192. doi:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1997.tb01144.xTorres, R. (2003). Linkages between tourism and agriculture in Mexico. Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), 546-566. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(02)00103-2Wagner, J. E. (1997). Estimating the economic impacts of tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(3), 592-608. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(97)00008-xWalpole, M. J., & Goodwin, H. J. (2000). Local economic impacts of dragon tourism in Indonesia. Annals of Tourism Research, 27(3), 559-576. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(99)00088-2Zhang, J., Madsen, B., & Jensen-Butler, C. (2007). Regional Economic Impacts of Tourism: The Case of Denmark. Regional Studies, 41(6), 839-854. doi:10.1080/00343400701281733Zhou, D., Yanagida, J. F., Chakravorty, U., & Leung, P. (1997). Estimating economic impacts from tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 24(1), 76-89. doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(96)00035-

Service quality of travel agents in Turkey

Travel Agent, Satisfaction, Servqual, Service quality, Perception, Expectation, Factor analysis, Regression analysis,

Flavour Physics of Leptons and Dipole Moments.

This chapter of the report of the ``Flavour in the era of the LHC'' Workshop discusses the theoretical, phenomenological and experimental issues related to flavour phenomena in the charged lepton sector and in flavour-conserving CP-violating processes. We review the current experimental limits and the main theoretical models for the flavour structure of fundamental particles. We analyze the phenomenological consequences of the available data, setting constraints on explicit models beyond the Standard Model, presenting benchmarks for the discovery potential of forthcoming measurements both at the LHC and at low energy, and exploring options for possible future experiments.Comment: Report of Working Group 3 of the CERN Workshop ``Flavour in the era of the LHC'', Geneva, Switzerland, November 2005 -- March 200