Distribution of brown adipose tissue radiodensity in young adults: implications for cold [F-18]FDG-PET/CT analyses

Purpose Nowadays, 2-deoxy-2-[F-18]fluoro-D-glucose ([F-18]FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/X-ray computed tomography (CT) is considered the best available technique to in vivo determination of human BAT volume. The most used Hounsfield unit (HU) threshold for BAT quantification is from - 250 to - 50 HU. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is (i) to examine the influence of SUV and HU thresholds on BAT quantification by [F-18]FDG-PET/CT scan, (ii) to identify the proportion of BAT which is not detected by [F-18]FDG-PET/CT scan when limiting the range between - 10 and - 50 HU, and (iii) to describe the distribution of BAT radiodensity by weight status and sex in young healthy individuals. Procedures We measured 125 individuals after a personalized cooling protocol with a static [F-18]FDG-PET/CT scan. We quantified BAT using different combination of threshold in every single HU for all participants. Results We observed that the SUV threshold influences BAT quantification by [F-18]FDG-PET/CT scans more than the HU range. We found that the range from - 50 to - 10 HU had the highest proportion of total BAT volume (43.2 %), which represents 41.4 % of the total BAT metabolic activity in our cohort. We also observed that BAT volume was not different between categories of body mass index, as well as BAT activity (SUVmean). In addition, BAT was less dense in women than in men, although the BAT activity (SUVmean) was higher in all ranges of HU. We also observed that the radiodensity of BAT located in the cervical area was mainly in the range from - 50 to - 10 HU. Conclusion Therefore, all future human studies using static [F-18]FDG-PET/CT scans should include BAT in the radiodensity range from - 50 to - 10 HU.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

Diurnal variations of cold-induced thermogenesis in young, healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial

Background: Harnessing cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity has been proposed as a means of counteracting a positive energy balance, and thus of combating obesity and its related comorbidities. However, it has remained unclear whether CIT and BAT activity show diurnal variation in humans -knowledge that might allow treatments based on these factors to be time-optimized.Methods: A randomized crossover experiment was designed to examine whether CIT shows morning/evening variation in young, healthy adults (n = 14, 5 women). On the first experimental day, subjects' shivering thresholds were determined following a cooling protocol. After z96 h had elapsed, the sub-jects then returned on two further days (approx. 48 h apart) at 08:00 h or 18:00 in random order. On both the latter days, the resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured before the subjects underwent personalized cold exposure (i.e., according to their shivering threshold). CIT was then assessed for 60 min by indirect calorimetry. In an independent cross-sectional study (n = 133, 88 women), subjects came to the laboratory between 8:00 and 18:00 h and their BAT F-18-fluordeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) uptake was assessed after personalized cold stimulation.Results: Both the REE and CIT were similar in the morning and evening (all P > 0.05). Indeed, 60 min of personalized-mild cold exposure in the morning or evening elicited a similar change in energy expen-diture (16.8 +/- 12.8 vs. 15.7 +/- 15.1% increase above REE, P = 0.72). BAT F-18-FDG uptake was also similar in the morning, evening and afternoon (all P > 0.05).Conclusion: CIT does not appear to show morning/evening variation in young healthy adults, with the current study design and methodology. BAT F-18-FDG uptake appears not to change across the day either, although experiments with a within-subject study design are needed to confirm these findings. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

Effect of a 24-week concurrent exercise intervention on neck adiposity and its distribution in young adults: the ACTIBATE randomized controlled trial

Neck adipose tissue (NAT) accumulation and neck circumference are independent predictors of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) and low-grade chronic inflammation in young adults. The present study examines whether a 24-week concurrent exercise intervention can reduce NAT volume and neck circumference in young adults, and whether any changes in these variables are related to changes in body composition, CMR, and the inflammatory profile. Seventy-four participants (51 women, age 22 & PLUSMN; 2 years) were included in the main analyses, after being randomly assigned to either a (a) control (n = 34), (b) moderate-intensity exercise (n = 19), or (c) vigorous-intensity exercise (n = 21) group. Participants in the exercise groups trained 3-4 days/ week (endurance + resistance exercise training). NAT volume and NAT distribution across different depots were estimated using computed tomography before and after the intervention. Anthropometric variables, body composition (determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), and CMR/inflammatory markers were also recorded. The exercise intervention did not reduce the total NAT volume, nor was NAT distribution affected (p > .05). However, it did reduce neck circumference in the vigorous-intensity exercise group compared with the moderate-intensity exercise and control groups (by 0.8 and 1 cm, respectively, p <_ .05). Changes in total NAT and neck circumference were positively, albeit weakly, related (adj. R2: .05-.21, all p <_ .05) to changes in body weight and adiposity, leptin (only total NAT), and CMR (only neck circumference). Altogether 24 weeks of concurrent exercise does not appear to reduce NAT accumulation in young adults, but may slightly reduce neck circumference in those who in exercise.Metabolic health: pathophysiological trajectories and therap

Brown adipose tissue volume and fat content are positively associated with whole-body adiposity in young men-not in women

Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) volume has consistently been claimed to be inversely associated with whole-body adiposity. However, recent advances in the assessment of human BAT suggest that previously reported associations may have been biased. The present cross-sectional study investigates the association of BAT volume, mean radiodensity, and F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-18-FDG) uptake (assessed via a static positron emission tomography [PET]-computed tomography [CT] scan after a 2-h personalized cold exposure) with whole-body adiposity (measured by DXA) in 126 young adults (42 men and 84 women; mean +/- SD BMI 24.9 +/- 4.7 kg/m(2)). BAT volume, but not F-18-FDG uptake, was positively associated with BMI, fat mass, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass in men but not in women. These associations were independent of the date when the PET-CT was performed, insulin sensitivity, and body surface area. BAT mean radiodensity, an inverse proxy of BAT fat content, was negatively associated with BMI, fat mass, and VAT mass in men and in women. These results refute the widely held belief that human BAT volume is reduced in obese persons, at least in young adults, and suggest that it might even be the opposite in young men.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

BNCT research activities at the Granada group and the project NeMeSis: Neutrons for medicine and sciences, towards an accelerator-based facility for new BNCT therapies, medical isotope production and other scientific neutron applications

The Granada group in BNCT research is currently performing studies on: nuclear and radiobiological data for BNCT, new boron compounds and a new design for a neutron source for BNCT and other applications, including the production of medical radioisotopes. All these activities are described in this report.Asociación Española Contra el Cáncer (AECC) PS16163811PORRSpanish MINECO FIS2015-69941-C2-1-PJunta de Andalucía P11-FQM-8229Campus of International Excellence BioTic P-BS-64Spanish Fundacion ACSAsociación Capitán AntonioLa Kuadrilla de IznallozSonriendo se Puede Gana

The impact of using BARCIST 1.0 criteria on quantification of BAT volume and activity in three independent cohorts of adults

Imaging- and therapeutic targets in neoplastic and musculoskeletal inflammatory diseas

VDR gene polymorphisms on risk of osteoporotic hip fracture in an adult population spanish

La osteoporosis es una enfermedad esquelética compleja multifactorial con un fuerte componente genético, caracterizada por un deterioro en la microestructura ósea que causa fragilidad ósea y un incremento en el riesgo de fracturas osteoporóticas. El gen VDR podría estar fuertemente involucrado en el riesgo de fractura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar la asociación entre polimorfismos del gen VDR y la susceptibilidad a fractura de cadera (FC). Se reclutaron 147 pacientes andaluces (102 con factores de riesgos de fracturas osteoporóticas y 45 con metabolismo óseo normal). El aislamiento de ADN se realizó a partir de 300 mL de sangre, genotipando 2 SNPs: BsmI y FokI mediante PCRRFLP (PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). Todas las fracturas fueron confirmadas por rayos-X mientras que el riesgo de fracturas a través de la escala FRAX y DMO. Los resultados se evaluaron estadísticamente, considerando significativo valores de p<0,05. La edad media de los pacientes fracturados fue de 68,5 años, cuyas frecuencias alélicas fueron 64.7% G y 68.6% C para BsmI y FokI, respectivamente. La prevalencia de estos SNPs en la población caso fueron: 43,3% GA, 43.3% GG y 13,7% AA para BsmI y 49,0% CC, 39,20% CT, 11,8% TT para FokI. Las frecuencias de los alelos y genotipos no mostraron diferencias entre pacientes con riesgo de fracturas y pacientes control. Las frecuencias están acorde con las demostradas en HapMap para población europeacaucásica. No se encontró ninguna asociación significativa entre estos SNPs y la susceptibilidad a las FC en la población adulta andaluza.Osteoporosis is a multifactorial complex skeletal disease with strong genetic component, characterized by a deterioration of bone microstructure that causes bone fragility and an increased risk of osteoporotic fractures. VDR gene could be strongly involved in the risk of fracture. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between VDR gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to hip fracture (HF). 147 Andalusian patients were recruited (102 with risk factors for osteoporotic fractures and 47 with normal bone metabolism). DNA isolation was performed from 300 mL of blood, genotyping 2 SNPs: BsmI and FokI by PCR-RFLP (PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). All fractures were confirmed by X-rays while the risk of fractures through FRAX level and BMD. The results were statistically evaluated, considering significant p-values <0.05. The average age of fractured patients was 68.5 years, whose allele frequencies were 64.7% G and 68.6% C for BsmI and FokI, respectively. Prevalence of these SNPs in the case population were: 43.3% GA, 43.3% GG and 13.7% AA BsmI and 49.0 % CC, 39.2% CT, 11.8% TT for FokI. The frequencies of alleles and genotypes showed no differences between patients with and without risk of hip fracture. The frequencies are agree to HapMap for European-Caucasian population. It was found no significant association between these SNPs and susceptibility to HF in the adult population of Andalusia

Elevated plasma succinate levels are linked to higher cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults

Background: Succinate is produced by both host and microbiota, with a key role in the interplay of immunity and metabolism and an emerging role as a biomarker for infammatory and metabolic disorders in middle-aged adults. The relationship between plasma succinate levels and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in young adults is unknown. Methods: Cross-sectional study in 100 (65% women) individuals aged 18–25 years from the ACTIvating Brown Adipose Tissue through Exercise (ACTIBATE) study cohort. CVD risk factors, body composition, dietary intake, basal metabolic rate, and cardiorespiratory ftness were assessed by routine methods. Plasma succinate was measured with an enzyme-based assay. Brown adipose tissue (BAT) was evaluated by positron emission tomography, and circulating oxylipins were assessed by targeted metabolomics. Fecal microbiota composition was analyzed in a sub-sample. Results: Individuals with higher succinate levels had higher levels of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) mass (+42.5%), tri‑ glycerides (+63.9%), C-reactive protein (+124.2%), diastolic blood pressure (+5.5%), and pro-infammatory omega-6 oxylipins than individuals with lower succinate levels. Succinate levels were also higher in metabolically unhealthy individuals than in healthy overweight/obese peers. Succinate levels were not associated with BAT volume or activity or with fecal microbiota composition and diversity. Conclusions: Plasma succinate levels are linked to a specifc pro-infammatory omega-6 signature pattern and higher VAT levels, and seem to refect the cardiovascular status of young adults.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness via Retos de la Sociedad (DEP2016-79512-R to JRR and RTI2018-093919-B to SFV)European Regional Development Funds (ERDF)Spanish Ministry of Education (FPU16/02828, FPU16/05159, FPU17/01523 and FPU19/01609)University of Granada Plan Propio de Investigación 2016-Excellence actions–Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES)Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidades (ERDF: ref. SOMM17/6107/UGR)The Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PI20/00095 to VCM and PI20/00338 to JV) co-fnanced by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF)Ramón y Cajal program (RYC2019026490-I) from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, co-fnanced by the ERDFy Fundación Bancaria Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona (HR20-00051 to S.F.-V.)The Netherlands CardioVascular Research Initiative: ‘the Dutch Heart Foundation, Dutch Federation of University Medical Centers, The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and the Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences’ (CVON2017-20 GENIUS-2) to PCNRChinese Scholarship Council (CSC, No. 201707060012) to XDMiguel Servet tenure-track program (CP10/00438 and CPII16/00008) from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, co-fnanced by the ERDFFundación Alfonso Martin Escuder

Association of wrist and ambient temperature with cold-induced brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle [F-18]FDG uptake in young adults

Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap