A computationally and cognitively plausible model of supervised and unsupervised learning

Author version made available in accordance with the publisher's policy. "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”The issue of chance correction has been discussed for many decades in the context of statistics, psychology and machine learning, with multiple measures being shown to have desirable properties, including various definitions of Kappa or Correlation, and the psychologically validated ΔP measures. In this paper, we discuss the relationships between these measures, showing that they form part of a single family of measures, and that using an appropriate measure can positively impact learning

Symposium on Event Predictive Cognition

This symposium on Event-Predictive Cognition (EPCog) will scrutinize the apparent strong linkage between events and predictions. Events, characterized as “a segment of time at a given location that is conceived by an observer to have a beginning and an end” (p.3, Zacks & Tversky, 2001), seem to be predictively encoded in our minds, linking and temporarily binding the essential aspects that constitute an event. However, in different disciplines the concept of an event as well as of predictions and predictive encodings has been treated from different perspectives and by means of different paradigms

Using a cognitive architecture to examine what develops

Different theories of development propose alternative mechanisms by which development occurs. Cognitive architectures can be used to examine the influence of each proposed mechanism of development while keeping all other mechanisms constant. An ACT-R computational model that matched adult behavior in solving a 21-block pyramid puzzle was created. The model was modified in three ways that corresponded to mechanisms of development proposed by developmental theories. The results showed that all the modifications (two of capacity and one of strategy choice) could approximate the behavior of 7-year-old children on the task. The strategy-choice modification provided the closest match on the two central measures of task behavior (time taken per layer, r = .99, and construction attempts per layer, r = .73). Modifying cognitive architectures is a fruitful way to compare and test potential developmental mechanisms, and can therefore help in specifying “what develops.

Status of the Resource Room Model in Local Education Agencies: A Descriptive Study

Although resource room programs are widely used, only limited information is available on implementation of this model. The purpose of the present investigation was to survey a nationwide sample of local education agencies (LEAs) to determine the status of this model at the local level and to identify the characteristics of resource programs as they are currently implemented. A questionnaire was sent to a 5% stratified random sample of LEAs with a 53.4% response rate. Results indicated that most local education agencies use resource room programs, and have done so for at least three years. Most programs are multicategorical. The majority of respondents indicated that they believed the programs were effective, and that they would continue to be used. A major conclusion from this study relates to the need for descriptions of model resource room programs and practices.Yeshttps://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/manuscript-submission-guideline

A Virtual Reality Platform for Modeling Cognitive Development

We present a virtual reality platform for developing and evaluating embodied models of cognitive development. The platform facilitates structuring of the learning agent, of its visual environment, and of other virtual characters that interact with the learning agent. It allows us to systematically study the role of the visual and social environment for the development of particular cognitive skills in a controlled fashion. We describe how it is currently being used for constructing an embodied model of the emergence of gaze following in infant-caregiver interactions and discuss the relative benefits of virtual vs. robotic modeling approaches.(1

Discursos técnico-científicos en la construcción social y política de la Reserva de la Biósfera de la Sierra Gorda en Querétaro

Los estados-nación modernos han adoptado el modelo de Reservas de la Biósfera como la herramienta política por excelencia para la conservación de la biodiversidad. Estos espacios naturales son concebidos desde una lógica de racionalidad moderna donde el conocimiento técnico-científico ocupa un papel central en la gestión. Aunque los gestores requieren del conocimiento que producen los académicos para llevar a cabo su labor y viceversa, en la Reserva de la Biósfera de la Sierra Gorda queretana, el conocimiento técnico-científico producido por la academia es percibido como algo ajeno y fuera de la realidad, mientras que los académicos de la Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro consideran que no se está llevando a cabo una gestión adecuada de la Reserva. Es justamente en esta disputa entre saberes modernos donde se sitúan los aportes de esta tesis. Los resultados se obtuvieron a través del análisis del discurso y de la Schemata de Praxis y dan cuenta de las visiones confrontadas que estos grupos tienen en torno a la naturaleza, al conocimiento técnico-científico y al desarrollo. El reflexionar sobre esta confrontación discursiva brinda elementos para establecer modelos de gestión centrados en el lugar que contribuyan a la construcción social y política de un medio ambiente donde los saberes híbridos puedan ocupar una posición más equitativa