Determination of heavy metal contamination in the soil environment using ion-exchange membranes

Non-Peer ReviewedAn anion exchange resin membrane saturated with chelating agent (AEM-DTPA) was used to assess the bioavailability of four heavy metals, Cd, Cr Ni and Pb via direct in soil burial. Two soils with four contamination rates of each metal were tested using three crops: oats, radish and lettuce. The resin membrane was buried in saturated soil with de-ionized water for 60 min. and extractable metals from the soils were correlated with uptake by plants grown in the soils. The amounts of heavy metals extracted by AEM-DTPA were significantly correlated with plant uptake and with metal extracted by the conventional DTP A method. The critical levels of the four heavy metals varied from crop to crop, and soil to soil. It was demonstrated that AEM-DTPA direct in-soil burial is a suitable method in assessing relative heavy metal bioavailability in polluted soil environments. It is a simple and easy to use procedure which reduces soil handling

Resource-based View in Information Systems Research: A Meta-Analysis

Resource-based view is the theory that has been applied to analyze the impact of informa-tion technology on business performance. Its main argument is that competitive advan-tages are determined by the unique valuable resources controlled by an organization. IT as a valuable asset will have positive effect on firm performance. However, previous re-search on the issue is inconsistent. This paper reports a meta analysis of 42 papers pub-lished in major journals in information systems. Our findings indicate that the capability mediated model is better than the direct effect model and the major impact of IT is on ef-ficiency indicators

Neutron Transfer Dynamics and Doorway to Fusion in Time-Dependent Hartree-Fock Theory

We analyze the details of mass exchange in the vicinity of the Coulomb barrier for heavy-ion collisions involving neutron-rich nuclei using the time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory. We discuss the time-dependence of transfer and show that the potential barriers seen by individual single-particle states can be considerably different than the effective barrier for the two interacting nuclei having a single center-of-mass. For this reason we observe a substantial transfer probability even at energies below the effective barrier.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figure

Molecular networks of insulin signaling and amino acid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue are altered by body condition in periparturient Holstein cows

[EN] Peripartal cows mobilize not only body fat but also body protein to satisfy their energy requirements. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prepartum BCS on blood biomarkers related to energy and nitrogen metabolism, and mRNA and protein abundance associated with AA metabolism and insulin signaling in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in peripartal cows. Twenty-two multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively classified into a high BCS (HBCS; n = 11, BCS >= 3.5) or normal BCS (NBCS; n = 11, BCS <= 3.17) group at d 28 before expected parturition. Cows were fed the same diet as a total mixed ration before parturition and were fed the same lactation diet postpartum. Blood samples collected at -10, 7, 15, and 30 d relative to parturition were used for analyses of biomarkers associated with energy and nitrogen metabolism. Biopsies of SAT harvested at -15, 7, and 30 d relative to parturition were used for mRNA (real timePCR) and protein abundance (Western blotting) assays. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS (v. 9.4; SAS institute Inc., Cary, NC), with P <= 0.05 being the threshold for significance. Cows in HBCS had greater overall plasma nonesterified fatty acid concentrations, due to marked increases at 7 and 15 d postpartum. This response was similar (BCS x Day effect) to protein abundance of phosphorylated (p) protein kinase B (p-AKT), the insulin-induced glucose transporter (SLC2A4), and the sodium-coupled neutral AA transporter (SLC38A1). Abundance of these proteins was lower at -15 d compared with NBCS cows, and either increased (SLC2A4, SLC38A1) or did not change (p-AKT) at 7 d postpartum in IIBCS. Unlike protein abundance, however, overall mRNA abundances of the high-affinity cationic (SLC7A1), proton-coupled (SLC96A1), and sodium-coupled amino acid transporters (SLC,98,42) were greater in IIBCS than NBCS cows, due to upregulation in the postpartum phase. Those responses were similar to protein abundance of p-mTOR, which increased (BCS x Day effect) at 7 d in HBCS compared with NBCS cows. mRNA abundance of argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) and arginase 1 (ARG1) also was greater overall in HBCS cows. Together, these responses suggested impaired insulin signaling, coupled with greater postpartum AA transport rate and urea cycle activity in SAT of HBCS cows. An in vitro study using adipocyte and macrophage cocultures stimulated with various concentrations of fatty acids could provide some insights into the role of immune cells in modulating adipose tissue immunometabolic status, including insulin resistance and AA metabolism.Y. Liang is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from the China Scholarship Council (CSC, Beijing, China) to perform his PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). A. S. Alharthi received a fellowship from King Saud University (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia) to perform his PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). A. A. Elolimy was recipient of a fellowship from the Higher Education Ministry (Cairo, Egypt) to perform his PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). We thank Perdue AgriBusiness (Salisbury, MD) for the donation of ProvAAL2 AADvantage during the course of the experiment. The authors declare no conflicts of interest.Liang, Y.; Alharthi, A.; Elolimy, A.; Bucktrout, R.; Lopreiato, V.; Cortes, I.; Xu, C.... (2020). Molecular networks of insulin signaling and amino acid metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue are altered by body condition in periparturient Holstein cows. 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Amino acid metabolism in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo. Clinical Science, 80(5), 471-474. doi:10.1042/cs0800471Ghaffari, M. H., Sadri, H., Schuh, K., Dusel, G., Frieten, D., Koch, C., … Sauerwein, H. (2019). Biogenic amines: Concentrations in serum and skeletal muscle from late pregnancy until early lactation in dairy cows with high versus normal body condition score. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(7), 6571-6586. doi:10.3168/jds.2018-16034Ghaffari, M. H., Schuh, K., Dusel, G., Frieten, D., Koch, C., Prehn, C., … Sadri, H. (2019). Mammalian target of rapamycin signaling and ubiquitin-proteasome–related gene expression in skeletal muscle of dairy cows with high or normal body condition score around calving. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(12), 11544-11560. doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17130Ghaffari, M. H., Jahanbekam, A., Sadri, H., Schuh, K., Dusel, G., Prehn, C., … Sauerwein, H. (2019). Metabolomics meets machine learning: Longitudinal metabolite profiling in serum of normal versus overconditioned cows and pathway analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(12), 11561-11585. doi:10.3168/jds.2019-17114Gonzalez, E., & McGraw, T. E. (2009). Insulin-modulated Akt subcellular localization determines Akt isoform-specific signaling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(17), 7004-7009. doi:10.1073/pnas.0901933106González, F. D., Muiño, R., Pereira, V., Campos, R., & Benedito, J. L. (2011). Relationship among blood indicators of lipomobilization and hepatic function during early lactation in high-yielding dairy cows. Journal of Veterinary Science, 12(3), 251. doi:10.4142/jvs.2011.12.3.251Häussler, S., Germeroth, D., Laubenthal, L., Ruda, L. F., Rehage, J., Dänicke, S., & Sauerwein, H. (2017). 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Effect of pre-calving body condition score and previous lactation on BCS change, blood metabolites, oxidative stress and milk production in Holstein dairy cows. Italian Journal of Animal Science, 16(3), 474-483. doi:10.1080/1828051x.2017.1290507Janovick, N. A., Boisclair, Y. R., & Drackley, J. K. (2011). Prepartum dietary energy intake affects metabolism and health during the periparturient period in primiparous and multiparous Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 94(3), 1385-1400. doi:10.3168/jds.2010-3303Javed, K., & Fairweather, S. J. (2019). Amino acid transporters in the regulation of insulin secretion and signalling. Biochemical Society Transactions, 47(2), 571-590. doi:10.1042/bst20180250Ji, P., Drackley, J. K., Khan, M. J., & Loor, J. J. (2014). Inflammation- and lipid metabolism-related gene network expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots of Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6), 3441-3448. doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7296Ji, P., Drackley, J. K., Khan, M. J., & Loor, J. J. (2014). Overfeeding energy upregulates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ-controlled adipogenic and lipolytic gene networks but does not affect proinflammatory markers in visceral and subcutaneous adipose depots of Holstein cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(6), 3431-3440. doi:10.3168/jds.2013-7295Ji, P., Osorio, J. S., Drackley, J. K., & Loor, J. J. (2012). Overfeeding a moderate energy diet prepartum does not impair bovine subcutaneous adipose tissue insulin signal transduction and induces marked changes in peripartal gene network expression. Journal of Dairy Science, 95(8), 4333-4351. doi:10.3168/jds.2011-5079Kanda, H. (2006). MCP-1 contributes to macrophage infiltration into adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis in obesity. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 116(6), 1494-1505. doi:10.1172/jci26498Kenéz, Á., Ruda, L., Dänicke, S., & Huber, K. (2019). 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Breakup of 17^{17}F on 208^{208}Pb near the Coulomb barrier

Angular distributions of oxygen produced in the breakup of $^{17}$F incident on a $^{208}$Pb target have been measured around the grazing angle at beam energies of 98 and 120 MeV. The data are dominated by the proton stripping mechanism and are well reproduced by dynamical calculations. The measured breakup cross section is approximately a factor of 3 less than that of fusion at 98 MeV. The influence of breakup on fusion is discussed.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figure

Body condition alters glutathione and nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2)-related antioxidant network abundance in subcutaneous adipose tissue of periparturient Holstein cows

[EN] Dairy cows with high body condition score (BCS) in late prepartum are more susceptible to oxidative stress (OS). Nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 2 (NFE2L2) is a major antioxidant transcription factor. We investigated the effect of precalving BCS on blood biomarkers associated with OS, inflammation, and liver function, along with mRNA and protein abundance of targets related to NFE2L2 and glutathione (GSH) metabolism in s.c. adipose tissue (SAT) of periparturient dairy cows. Twenty-two multiparous Holstein cows were retrospectively classified into a high BCS (HBCS; n = 11, BCS ¿3.5) or normal BCS (NBCS; n = 11, BCS ¿3.17) on d 28 before parturition. Cows were fed a corn silage- and wheat straw-based total mixed ration during late prepartum, and a corn silage- and alfalfa hay-based total mixed ration postpartum. Blood samples obtained at ¿10, 7, 15, and 30 d relative to parturition were used for analyses of biomarkers associated with inflammation, including albumin, ceruloplasmin, haptoglobin, and myeloperoxidase, as well as OS, including ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and ß-carotene. Adipose biopsies harvested at ¿15, 7, and 30 d relative to parturition were analyzed for mRNA (real-time quantitative PCR) and protein abundance (Western blotting) of targets associated with the antioxidant transcription regulator nuclear factor, NFE2L2, and GSH metabolism pathway. In addition, concentrations of GSH, ROS and malondialdehyde were measured. High BCS cows had lower prepartum dry matter intake expressed as a percentage of body weight along with greater BCS loss between ¿4 and 4 wk relative to parturition. Plasma concentrations of ROS and FRAP increased after parturition regardless of treatment. Compared with NBCS, HBCS cows had greater concentrations of FRAP at d 7 postpartum, which coincided with peak values in those cows. In addition, NBCS cows experienced a marked decrease in plasma ROS after d 7 postpartum, while HBCS cows maintained a constant concentration by d 30 postpartum. Overall, ROS concentrations in SAT were greater in HBCS cows. However, overall mRNA abundance of NFE2L2 was lower and cullin 3 (CUL3), a negative regulator of NFE2L2, was greater in HBCS cows. Although HBCS cows had greater overall total protein abundance of NFE2L2 in SAT, ratio of phosphorylated NFE2L2 to total NFE2L2 was lower, suggesting a decrease in the activity of this antioxidant system. Overall, mRNA abundance of the GSH metabolism-related genes glutathione reductase (GSR), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1), and transaldolase 1 (TALDO1), along with protein abundance of glutathione S-transferase mu 1 (GSTM1), were greater in HBCS cows. Data suggest that HBCS cows might experience greater systemic OS after parturition, while increased abundance of mRNA and protein components of the GSH metabolism pathway in SAT might help alleviate tissue oxidant status. Data underscored the importance of antioxidant mechanisms at the tissue level. Thus, targeting these pathways in SAT during the periparturient period via nutrition might help control tissue remodeling while allowing optimal performance.Y. Liang is a recipient of a doctoral fellowship from China Scholarship Council (CSC, Beijing, China). A. S. Alharthi received a fellowship from King Saud University to perform his PhD studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). A. A. Elolimy was recipient of a fellowship from Higher Education Ministry, Egypt to perform his Ph.D. studies at the University of Illinois (Urbana). We thank Perdue AgriBusiness (Salisbury, MD) for the donation of ProvAAL2 AADvantage during the course of the experiment. 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