Malaria prophylaxis - the South African viewpoint

A consensus meeting was held under the auspices of the Department of National Health and Population Development in September 1991 in order to establish local, current consensus on malaria prophylaxis for the South African traveller within South Africa and neighbouring African countries. The meeting was attended by malaria experts and others interested in malaria. The consensus reached took into consideration not only the international literature, but also local clinical experience and viewpoints. As a result, it was decided that prevention of mosquito bites is the mainstay of malaria prophylaxis and that chemooprophylaxis should be individualised. Malaria may still be contracted despite good compliance with the recommended prophylactic regimen

Independent Eigenstates of Angular Momentum in a Quantum N-body System

The global rotational degrees of freedom in the Schr\"{o}dinger equation for an $N$-body system are completely separated from the internal ones. After removing the motion of center of mass, we find a complete set of $(2\ell+1)$ independent base functions with the angular momentum $\ell$. These are homogeneous polynomials in the components of the coordinate vectors and the solutions of the Laplace equation, where the Euler angles do not appear explicitly. Any function with given angular momentum and given parity in the system can be expanded with respect to the base functions, where the coefficients are the functions of the internal variables. With the right choice of the base functions and the internal variables, we explicitly establish the equations for those functions. Only (3N-6) internal variables are involved both in the functions and in the equations. The permutation symmetry of the wave functions for identical particles is discussed.Comment: 24 pages, no figure, one Table, RevTex, Will be published in Phys. Rev. A 64, 0421xx (Oct. 2001

Validation of the prognostic performance of Breast Cancer Index (BCI) in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) postmenopausal breast cancer patients in the TEAM trial

Purpose: Early-stage HR+ breast cancer patients face a prolonged risk of recurrence even after adjuvant endocrine therapy. The Breast Cancer Index (BCI) is significantly prognostic for overall (0-10 years) and late (5-10 years) distant recurrence risk (DR) in N0 and N1 patients. Here, BCI prognostic performance was evaluated in HR+ postmenopausal women from the TEAM trial.Experimental Design: 3544 patients were included in the analysis (N=1519 N0, N=2025 N+). BCI risk groups were calculated using pre-specified cut-points. Kaplan-Meier analyses and logranktests were used to assess the prognostic significance of BCI risk groups based on DR. Hazard ratios (HR) and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox models with and without clinical covariates.Results: For overall 10-year DR, BCI was significantly prognostic in N0 (N=1196) and N1 (N=1234) patients who did not receive prior chemotherapy (p<0.001). In patients who were DRfree for 5 years, 10-year late DR rates for low- and high-risk groups were 5.4% and 9.3% (N0 cohort, N=1285) and 4.8% and 12.2% (N1 cohort, N=1625) with multivariate HRs of 2.25 (95% CI: 1.30-3.88; p=0.004) and 2.67 (95% CI: 1.53-4.63; p=<0.001), respectively. Late DR performance was substantially improved using previously optimized cut-points, identifying BCIlow-risk groups with even lower 10-year late DR rates of 3.8% and 2.7% in N0 and N1 patients, respectively.Conclusions: The TEAM trial represents the largest prognostic validation study for BCI to date and provides a more representative assessment of late DR risk to guide individualized treatment decision-making for HR+ early-stage breast cancer patients

Evidence of Color Coherence Effects in W+jets Events from ppbar Collisions at sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV

We report the results of a study of color coherence effects in ppbar collisions based on data collected by the D0 detector during the 1994-1995 run of the Fermilab Tevatron Collider, at a center of mass energy sqrt(s) = 1.8 TeV. Initial-to-final state color interference effects are studied by examining particle distribution patterns in events with a W boson and at least one jet. The data are compared to Monte Carlo simulations with different color coherence implementations and to an analytic modified-leading-logarithm perturbative calculation based on the local parton-hadron duality hypothesis.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures. Submitted to Physics Letters

Thyroid control over biomembranes: VI. Lipids in liver mitochondria and microsomes of hypothyroid rats

The lipids of liver mitochondria prepared from normal rats and from rats made hypothyroid by thyroidectomy and injection with131INa contained similar amounts, per mg protein, of total lipids, phospholipids, neutral lipids and lipid phosphorus. Hypothyroidism caused a doubling of the relative amounts of mitochondrial cardiolipins (CL; to 20.5% of the phospholipid P) and an accompanying trend (although statistically not significant) toward decreased amounts of both phosphatidylcholines (PC) and phosphatidylserines (PS), with phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) remaining unchanged. The pattern of elevated 18∶2 fatty acyl content and depleted 20∶4 acyl groups of the mitochondrial phospholipids of hypothyroid preparations was reflected to varying degrees in the resolved phospholipids, with PC showing greater degrees of abnormality than PE, and CL showing none. Hypothyroidism produced the same abnormal pattern of fatty acyl distributions in liver microsomal total lipids as was found in the mitochondria. Hypothyroid rats, when killed 6 hr after injection of [1‐14C] labeled linoleate, showed the following abnormalities: the liver incorporated less label into lipids, and converted 18∶2 not exclusively to 20∶4 (as normals do) but instead incorporated the label mainly into saturated fatty acids. These data, together with the known decrease in β‐oxidation, suggest that hypothyroidism involves possible defective step(s) in the conversion of 18∶2 to 20∶4.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142296/1/lipd0328.pd

An Integrated TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource to Drive High-Quality Survival Outcome Analytics

For a decade, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) program collected clinicopathologic annotation data along with multi-platform molecular profiles of more than 11,000 human tumors across 33 different cancer types. TCGA clinical data contain key features representing the democratized nature of the data collection process. To ensure proper use of this large clinical dataset associated with genomic features, we developed a standardized dataset named the TCGA Pan-Cancer Clinical Data Resource (TCGA-CDR), which includes four major clinical outcome endpoints. In addition to detailing major challenges and statistical limitations encountered during the effort of integrating the acquired clinical data, we present a summary that includes endpoint usage recommendations for each cancer type. These TCGA-CDR findings appear to be consistent with cancer genomics studies independent of the TCGA effort and provide opportunities for investigating cancer biology using clinical correlates at an unprecedented scale. Analysis of clinicopathologic annotations for over 11,000 cancer patients in the TCGA program leads to the generation of TCGA Clinical Data Resource, which provides recommendations of clinical outcome endpoint usage for 33 cancer types

The Role of Historical Narrative in Biblical Thought:the Tendencies Underlying Old Testament Historiography

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68403/2/10.1177_030908928100602102.pd

Review Section : Nature/Nurture Revisited I

Biologically oriented approaches to the study of human conflict have thus far been limited largely to the study of aggression. A sample of the literature on this topic is reviewed, drawing upon four major approaches: comparative psychology, ethology (including some popularized accounts), evolutionary-based theories, and several areas of human physiology. More sophisticated relationships between so-called "innate" and "acquired" determinants of behavior are discussed, along with the proper relevance of animal behavior studies for human behavior. Unless contained in a comprehensive theory which includes social and psychological variables, biolog ically oriented theories (although often valid within their domain) offer at best severely limited and at worst highly misleading explanations of complex social conflicts. The review concludes with a list of several positive contributions of these biological approaches and suggests that social scientists must become more knowledgeable about them.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68270/2/10.1177_002200277401800206.pd

Q

The Qweak experiment, which took data at Jefferson Lab in the period 2010 - 2012, will precisely determine the weak charge of the proton by measuring the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic e-p scattering at 1.1 GeV using a longitudinally polarized electron beam and a liquid hydrogen target at a low momentum transfer of Q2 = 0.025 (GeV/c)2. The weak charge of the proton is predicted by the Standard Model and any significant deviation would indicate physics beyond the Standard Model. The technical challenges and experimental apparatus for measuring the weak charge of the proton will be discussed, as well as the method of extracting the weak charge of the proton. The results from a small subset of the data, that has been published, will also be presented. Furthermore an update will be given of the current status of the data analysis