Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-Pindolol using lipases

A straightforward chemoenzymatic synthesis of (S)-Pindolol has been developed. The key step involved the enzymatic kinetic resolution of rac-2-acetoxy-1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-chloropropane with lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens via hydrolytic process to obtain enantiomerically enriched halohydrin (2S)-1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-chloro-2-propanol (96% ee) and (2R)-2-acetoxy-1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-chloropropane (97% ee). The latter was subjected to a hydrolysis reaction catalyzed by Candida rugosa leading to (2R)-1-(1H-indol-4-yloxy)-3-chloro-2-propanol (97% ee), followed by a reaction with isopropylamine, producing (S)-Pindolol (97% ee) in quantitative yield

Effects of muscular strength training and growth hormone (GH) supplementation on femoral bone tissue: analysis by Raman spectroscopy, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, and mechanical resistance

The aim of the present study was to verify the effects of muscular strength training and growth hormone (GH) supplementation on femoral bone tissue by Raman spectroscopy (Raman), dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and mechanical resistance (F-max) analysis. A total of 40 male Wistar animals, 60 days old, were used. The animals were distributed into four groups: control (C), control with GH (GHC), muscular strength training (T), and muscular strength training with GH (GHT). Blood samples were collected for the quantification of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and the femurs were removed for analysis by Raman, DXA, and F-max. A more pronounced increase in the bone mineral components was verified in the T group, for all the variables obtained by the Raman (calcium, phosphate, amide, and collagen). In addition, for animals submitted to GH supplementation, there was a reduction in the variable bone mineral density (BMD) obtained by the DXA (p 0.05). It was concluded that animals that received GH supplementation demonstrated a decrease in BMD. In addition, T alone was able to promote increased calcium, phosphate, amide, and collagen compounds in bone tissue.35345354COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESSem informaçã

Crescimento alométrico dos tecidos ósseo, muscular e adiposo na carcaça de cordeiros Santa Inês e Bergamácia Allometric growth of bone, muscular and fat tissues in carcass of Santa Ines and Bergamacia lambs

O trabalho foi realizado com objetivo de realizar um estudo alométrico dos tecidos ósseo, muscular e adiposo na meia carcaça esquerda de cordeiros em crescimento. Foram utilizados 36 cordeiros machos inteiros, sendo 24 Santa Inês e 12 Bergamácia. Os animais foram confinados em gaiolas individuais e alimentados ad libitum. O abate ocorreu quando os animais atingiram os pesos vivos de 15, 25, 35 e 45 kg. Após a carcaça ter sido limpa e resfriada, foram obtidos os cortes comerciais a partir da meia carcaça esquerda. A quantidade dos diferentes tecidos foi obtida a partir da dissecação da perna, do lombo, da costeleta, costela/fralda e paleta. A quantidade total dos tecidos ósseo, muscular e adiposo foi obtida pela adição das quantidades de cada corte comercial. O estudo do desenvolvimento relativo da composição tecidual foi feito por meio do modelo de HUXLEY (1932). Constatou-se crescimento heterogônico negativo (b < 1) para o tecido ósseo, crescimento isogônico (b =1) para o tecido muscular e heterogônico positivo (b > 1) para a gordura, em relação ao peso da ½ carcaça.<br>The work was conducted with the objective to study the allometric growth of the bone, muscular and fat tissues in the left side of growing lamb carcasses. Thirty-six, twenty-four Santa Ines and twelve Bergamacia lambs were used. The animals were kept in individual pens and fed ad libitum diets. The slaughtering was done when the animals reached the live weight of 15, 25, 35 and 45 kg. The amount of the different tissues was obtained through the dissection of the left half of the carcass. The amount of the different tissues was obtained through the dissection of the leg, longissimus muscle, rib, breast and shoulder. The total amount of bone, muscle and fat tissues were obtained by the sum of each amount of commercial cut. The study of the relative tissue composition development was carried out using the model developed by HUXLEY (1932). A negative heterogonic (b< 1) growth for the bone tissue, an isogonic (b =1) growth for muscular tissue and positive heterogonic (b> 1) for the fat tissue in relation to the half side of the carcass was observed

Substituição do milho por farelo de palma forrageira em dietas de ovinos em crescimento: desempenho Replacement of corn by forage cactus meal in growing lambs diets: performance

Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar quatro níveis de substituição do milho (0; 33; 67 e 100%) pelo farelo de palma forrageira sobre o desempenho de ovinos em crescimento terminados em confinamento. Vinte carneiros mestiços Santa Inês foram distribuídos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos (níveis de substituição do milho pelo farelo de palma) e cinco repetições. Além do milho e/ou farelo de palma, os animais receberam feno de Tifton (Cynodon dactylon), como volumoso, farelo de soja, calcário e sal mineral. O ganho de peso e a conversão alimentar diminuíram, enquanto os consumos de FDN e de FDA aumentaram linearmente com a substituição. Os consumos de matéria seca, de proteína bruta, de matéria orgânica e de carboidratos totais e o rendimento de carcaça não foram influenciados pela substituição do milho pelo farelo de palma.<br>The objective of this work was to evaluate four corn replacement levels (0, 33, 67 and 100%) by forage cactus meal on performance of feedlot growing lambs. Twenty crossbred lambs were allotted to a completely randomized block design with four treatments (replacement of corn by forage cactus meal) and five replications. Besides corn and/or forage cactus meal, the animals were fed Tifton hay (Cynodon dactylon), as forage, soybean meal, limestone and mineral salt. Weight gain and feed:gain ratio decreased and intakes of NDF and ADF increased linearly with corn replacement. The intakes of dry matter, crude protein, organic matter and total carbohydrates and carcass yield were not affected by replacement of corn by forage cactus meal