Desarrollo de habilidades relacionadas con el uso de los ordenadores como herramienta para resolver problemas en el primer curso de física para ingeniería

[ES] Es usual encontrar tres asignaturas en el primer año de las carreras de ingenierías técnicas, es decir: cálculo, física general y programación. Como la física se encuentra en la base de conocimiento de las ingenierías técnicas, es naturalmente apropiada la introducción del Cálculo y la Programación como valiosas herramientas en el contexto de un problema de Física. Esto se puede lograr trasladando algunas Clases Prácticas de Física (dedicadas a la solución de problemas) hacia el laboratorio de ordenadores y por medio de una reformulación del problema, de modo que sea más adecuado para este tipo de situaciones computacionales. En este entorno, los estudiantes logran reunir, por ejemplo, herramientas de programación y métodos numéricos, junto con las leyes de la Física, con el objetivo de abordar modelos más realistas, diferentes de los que usualmente se tratan comúnmente en el pizarrón. Este tipo de problema computacional de Física incrementa la motivación de los estudiantes de ingeniería por medio de una imbibición en escenarios cuyos modelos son más cercanos a los problemas reales que ellos enfrentarán luego en el desempeño profesional y científico. Este hecho es particularmente relevante para el primer año de las carreras de ingeniería donde el desarrollo de habilidades profesionales es obviado y relegado para años superiores. En el presente trabajo ilustraremos estas ideas a través del conocido problema del "Movimiento del un cuerpo sujeto a la fuerza de arrastre del aire". Las ideas básicas de este trabajo han sido experimentadas en el curso de física de primer año de la carrera de telecomunicaciones y electrónica de la Universidad de Pinar del Río, Cuba en el año 2010.[EN] Usually one can find three subjects in the first year of the syllabus of any technical engineering career, namely, calculus, general physics and programming. Being physics a matter lying on the grounds of technical engineering it becomes naturally appropriate to introduce the use of calculus and programming as useful tools in the context of a physics problem. This can be accomplished by moving some Practical Classes of Physics (problem solving) into the computer pool and by reformulating the physics problems in order to make them more appropriate for this kind of approach. In this environment, students put together, for instance, programming tools and numerical methods, along with the physical laws in order to address more realistic models, diferent from those which can usually be treated on the blackboard. This kind of computational physics problems increases the motivation of the engineering students by embedding them into sceneries whose models are closer to those real problems they will be facing later in their professional and scientific life. This is particularly relevant for the first year of the engineering careers when the development of this kind of professional skills is usually skipped. In the present work we will illustrate these ideas by means of the known problem of "The motion of a body subject to air drag force". The basic ideas of this work have been experienced in the physics course of first year undergraduate students of telecommunication and electronics engineering of Pinar del Río University, Cuba in 2010.We would like to thank the Department of physics of Pinar del R´ıo University, Cuba for the application of this problem in its teaching process. This work has been partially supported by the Universitat Polit`ecnica de Val`encia under APICID funds and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) under the grant DPI2008- 02953. This work has been developed is collaboration with the Teaching Innovation Group e-MACAFI from the Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaCastro-Palacio, J.; Velázquez Abad, L.; Crespo Madera, E.; Monsoriu Serra, JA. (2011). Developing computer use skills for problem solving in engineering students from the rst year physics course. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física. 33(3):1-11. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1806-11172011000300013S111333Riera, J., Giménez, M. H., Vidaurre, A., & Monsoriu, J. A. (2002). Digital simulation of wave motion. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 10(3), 161-166. doi:10.1002/cae.10025Vidaurre, A., Riera, J., Giménez, M. H., & Monsoriu, J. A. (2002). Contribution of digital simulation in visualizing physics processes. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 10(1), 45-49. doi:10.1002/cae.10016Monsoriu, J. A., Villatoro, F. R., Marín, M. J., Urchueguía, J. F., & Córdoba, P. F. de. (2005). 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The Journal of Chemical Physics, 126(17), 174701. doi:10.1063/1.2730786Abu-Mulaweh, H. I., & Mueller, D. W. (2008). The use of LabVIEW and data acquisition unit to monitor and control a bench-top air-to-water heat pump. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 16(2), 83-91. doi:10.1002/cae.20122Rebolj, D., Menzel, K., & Dinevski, D. (2008). A virtual classroom for information technology in construction. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 16(2), 105-114. doi:10.1002/cae.20129Orquín, I., García-March, M.-Á., de Córdoba, P. F., Urcheguía, J. F., & Monsoriu, J. A. (2007). Introductory quantum physics courses using a LabVIEW multimedia module. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 15(2), 124-133. doi:10.1002/cae.20100Garrett, S. L. (2004). Resource Letter: TA-1: Thermoacoustic engines and refrigerators. American Journal of Physics, 72(1), 11-17. doi:10.1119/1.1621034Monsoriu, J. A., Villatoro, F. R., Marín, M. J., Pérez, J., & Monreal, L. (2006). Quantum fractal superlattices. American Journal of Physics, 74(9), 831-836. doi:10.1119/1.2209242Timberlake, T. (2004). A computational approach to teaching conservative chaos. American Journal of Physics, 72(8), 1002-1007. doi:10.1119/1.1764559Gillies, A. D., Sinclair, B. D., & Swithenby, S. J. (1996). Feeling physics: computer packages for building concepts and understanding. Physics Education, 31(6), 362-368. doi:10.1088/0031-9120/31/6/016Galili, I., Kaplan, D., & Lehavi, Y. (2006). Teaching Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction in an introductory physics course. American Journal of Physics, 74(4), 337-343. doi:10.1119/1.2180283Wilson, J. M., & Redish, E. F. (1989). Using Computers in Teaching Physics. Physics Today, 42(1), 34-41. doi:10.1063/1.881202Coulter, B. L., & Adler, C. G. (1979). Can a body pass a body falling through the air? American Journal of Physics, 47(10), 841-846. doi:10.1119/1.1162

Theoretical and experimental study of the normal modes in a coupled two-dimensional system

[EN] In this work, the normal modes of a two-dimensional oscillating system have been studied from a theoretical and experimental point of view. The normal frequencies predicted by the Hessian matrix for a coupled two-dimensional particle system are compared to those obtained for a real system consisting of two oscillating smartphones coupled one to the other by springs. Experiments are performed on an air table in order to largely reduce the friction forces. The oscillation data are captured by the acceleration sensor of the smartphones and exported to file for further analysis. The experimental frequencies compare reasonably well with the theoretical predictions, specifically, within 1.7% of discrepancy.The authors would like to thank the Institute of Educational Sciences of the Universitat Politecnica de Val ` encia (Spain) ` for the support of the Teaching Innovation Groups MoMa and e-MACAF and for the financial support through the Project PIME 2015 B18. The authors would also like to thank Mrs Janet Anne Handcock for kindly revising the manuscript as a native English speaker.Giménez Valentín, MH.; Castro-Palacio, J.; Gómez-Tejedor, JA.; Velázquez, L.; Monsoriu Serra, JA. (2017). Theoretical and experimental study of the normal modes in a coupled two-dimensional system. Revista Mexicana de Fisica E. 63:100-106. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/99643S1001066

The Smartphone as a Sound Level Meter: Visualizing Acoustical Beats

[EN] Acoustics is a topic in first year Physics courses for engineering students. In this respect, we present in this work a simple experiment to study acoustic beat phenomenon. The superposition of sound waves of slightly different frequencies is captured with the microphone of a smartphone which is placed equidistantly from two speakers which are connected at the same time to AC generators. The smartphone is used here as a measuring instrument. Data registered from the sound level versus time were collected and exported to a «.csv» file for further analysis by means of a free Android application. Based on these data and applying a simple graphing analysis the frequency of the beat was determined and compared with the frequency difference set at the AC generators. Percentage discrepancies within 1% were obtained. This indicates the efficacy of the method used.The authors would like to thank the Institute of Education Sciences of the Universitat Politècnica de València (Spain), for the support to the research groups on teaching innovation MoMa and e-MACAFI and for supporting the Project PIME/2015/B18 which gave rise to this workSalinas Marín, I.; Gimenez Valentin, MH.; Castro-Palacio, J.; Gómez-Tejedor, J.; Monsoriu Serra, JA. (2017). The Smartphone as a Sound Level Meter: Visualizing Acoustical Beats. Tecnica Industrial. 318:34-38. https://doi.org/10.23800/9948S343831

Central nervous system manganese induced lesions and clinical consequences in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Abstract Background Around 47–74% of patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) have hepatic vascular malformations (HVMs); magnetic resonance images (MRI) of the central nervous system (CNS) might show in T1 sequences a hyper-intensity signal in different areas, mainly in the basal ganglia (BG) as consequence of manganese (Mn) deposits as observed in cirrhotic patients. These patients might suffer from different neuropsychiatric disorders (hepatic encephalopathy). In HHT patients, even in the presence of hepatic shunts, hepatocellular function is usually preserved. Additionally, Mn shares iron absorption mechanisms, transferrin and CNS transferrin receptors. In iron deficiency conditions, the Mn may harbor transferrin and access BG. The objectives were to describe frequency of BG Mn deposit-induced lesions (BGMnIL) in HHT patients, its relationship with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and HVMs. Finally, explore the association between neuropsychological and motor consequences. We performed a cross-sectional study. We determined HHT patients with or without BG-MnIL by the MRI screening of the CNS. We included all patients with lesions and a random sample of those without lesions. All patients underwent standardized and validated neuropsychological assessment to evaluate BG actions. Results were analyzed with multiple logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. Results Among 307 participants from a cohort included in the Institutional HHT Registry, 179 patients had MRI performed and Curaçao Criteria ≥3. The prevalence of BG-MnIL was 34.6% (95%CI 27.69-42.09). While neuropsychological symptoms were present in all patients, BG-MnIL patients performed poorly in three of the neuropsychological tests (serial dotting, line tracing time, number connection test A). HVMs frequency in BG-MnIL was 95.1%, versus 71.4% in those without lesions (p < 0.001). IDA frequency was 90.3% versus 54% (p < 0.001). When IDA is present, estimated risk for BG-MnIL is remarkably high (OR 7.73, 95%CI 2.23–26.73). After adjustment for possible confounders (gender, age, presence of HVMs), IDA was still associated with increased risk of BG-MnIL (adjusted OR 6.32, 95% CI 2.32–17.20; p < 0.001). Conclusions Physicians should assess BG-MnIL in HHT patients in CNS-MRI. IDA and HVMs present increased risk of lesions. Patients with BG-MnIL have neuropsychological impairment, and they might benefit from sparing IDA, or undergoing future therapeutic options. Trial registration NCT01761981 . Registered January 3rd 2013

Técnicas Agrícolas, Preservação E Impactos Ambientais Na Região Oeste Do Paraná

The aim of this paper is to analyze the implications of technological change of Paraná agriculture and environmental impacts of these structural changes, choosing the backdrop of the western Paraná. The technological agricultural model introduced in Brazilian agriculture since the 1950, and (later 1970) in Paraná agricultural framework, has as one of its central features the exclusion of small producers, stimulating the production of high commercial price crops (commodities), which, by their nature, require extensive planting areas at the expense of food produced by most producers. It is noteworthy that the pressure of the industrial sector on the agricultural sector, strengthened after the process of industrialization and internationalization of capital, is significant. The methodology involved a literature review, listing the economic cycles that marked the occupation of the State of Paraná and the exploitation of natural resources, as well as the maintenance of environmental preservation areas, specifically the Iguaçu National Park, established in 1939 as a reserve Full Protection. The results allowed us to consider the character of dispersion of technological change in the state of Paraná agriculture, understanding that not all of its regions make technical and mechanized the same time.3630232

El Modelo de Educación Deportiva en España: una revisión del estado de la cuestión y prospectiva

En la actualidad, han sido varias las aplicaciones del Modelo de Educación Deportiva (MED) en el sistema educativo español. Sin embargo, las investigaciones con este innovador modelo de enseñanza son escasas. El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el progreso y la evolución del MED en España desde el 2010 hasta 2014, así como el impacto que ha tenido en los estudiantes y docentes que lo han llevado a cabo. En este trabajo se han registrado 12 estudios realizados en distintas modalidades deportivas, con diferentes metodologías, duración, dimensiones de aprendizaje y niveles educativos. Se ha realizado una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura en EBSCO HOST, Dialnet, SPORTDiscus y Google Scholar, con las palabras clave: “Sport Education”, “Educación Deportiva”, “Modelo de Educación Deportiva”, “Modelo de Educación”, “Modelo de Enseñanza” y “Modelo”. Los hallazgos demuestran las posibilidades del MED en relación al fomento de competencias básicas, motivación, participación, implicación del género femenino en los deportes o la inclusión de alumnos no integrados. No obstante, el estado de la investigación en torno al MED indica la necesidad de desarrollar adecuadamente aspectos claves para una aplicación eficaz del modelo, entre otros la formación previa y organización de los docentes o el reparto de roles-funciones de los alumnos. Tras la revisión efectuada, se puede concluir que el MED puede educar a los estudiantes para que logren ser más cultos, competentes, entusiastas y que adopten un estilo de vida activo. Esto se debe a que con el MED los alumnos pueden mejorar sus conocimientos y experimentar el/los deporte/s de forma autónoma, divertida y responsable, aprendiendo valores sociales positivos de forma simultánea

General Adaptive Neighborhood Image Restoration, Enhancement and Segmentation

12 pagesInternational audienceThis paper aims to outline the General Adaptive Neighborhood Image Processing (GANIP) approach [1–3], which has been recently introduced. An intensity image is represented with a set of local neighborhoods defined for each point of the image to be studied. These so-called General Adaptive Neighborhoods (GANs) are simultaneously adaptive with the spatial structures, the analyzing scales and the physical settings of the image to be addressed and/or the human visual system. After a brief theoretical introductory survey, the GANIP approach will be successfully applied on real application examples in image restoration, enhancement and segmentation

Characterization of linear light sources with the smartphone's ambient light sensor

The authors would like to thank the Institute of Educational Sciences of the Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain) for the support of the Teaching Innovation Groups MoMa and e-MACAFI.Salinas Marín, I.; Gimenez Valentin, MH.; Monsoriu Serra, JA.; Castro-Palacio, J. (2018). Characterization of linear light sources with the smartphone's ambient light sensor. The Physics Teacher. 56(8):562-563. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.5064575S56256356

Detergents and chaotropes for protein solubilization before two-dimensional electrophoresis

Because of the outstanding ability of two-dimensional electrophoresis to separate complex mixtures of intact proteins, it would be advantageous to apply it to all types of proteins, including hydrophobic and membrane proteins. Unfortunately, poor solubility hampers the analysis of these molecules. As these problems arise mainly in the extraction and isoelectric focusing steps, the solution is to improve protein solubility under the conditions prevailing during isoelectric focusing. This chapter describes the use of chaotropes and novel detergents to enhance protein solubility during sample extraction and isoelectric focussing, and discusses the contribution of these compounds to improving proteomic analysis of membrane proteins