23 research outputs found
Anaesthetic hazards of the 'passion gap' A case report
Dental abnormalities cause problems for both dentist and anaesthetist. The anaesthetic hazards associated with the 'passion gap' - a term used in the western Cape Province for removal of the top four incisor teeth, a practice widespread among members ot the Cape Coloured community - are discussed. Recommendations are made to assist the anaesthetist when dealing with such a patient
Behavioural tendencies of the last BritishâIrish Ice Sheet revealed by dataâmodel comparison
Integrating ice-sheet models with empirical data pertaining to palaeo-ice sheets promotes advances in the models used in sea-level predictions and can improve our understanding of past ice-sheet behaviour. The large number of empirical constraints on the last BritishâIrish Ice Sheet make it ideal for modelâdata comparison experiments. Here, we present an ensemble of 600 model simulations, which are compared with data on former ice-flow extent, flow geometry and deglaciation timing. Simulations which poorly recreate data were ruled out, allowing us to examine the remaining physically realistic simulations which capture the ice sheets' behavioural tendencies. Our results led to a novel reconstruction of behaviour in the data-poor region of the North Sea, insights into the ice stream, potential ice-shelf and readvance dynamics, and the potential locations of peripheral ice caps. We also propose that the asynchronous behaviour of the BritishâIrish Ice Sheet is a consequence of the geography of the British Isles and the merging and splitting of different bodies of ice through saddle merger and collapse. Furthermore, persistent modelâdata mismatches highlight the need for model development, especially regarding the physics of iceâocean interactions. Thus, this work highlights the power of integrating models and data, a long-held aim of palaeoglaciology
Dynamic modulation of the cell surface expression of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor
Polymerase Chain Reaction Cloning and Expression of the Rat Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor
Recent progress on combining geomorphological and geochronological data with ice 1 sheet modelling, demonstrated using the last British-Irish Ice Sheet
Palaeoâice sheets are important analogues for understanding contemporary ice sheets, offering a record of ice sheet behaviour that spans millennia. There are two main approaches to reconstructing palaeoâice sheets. Empirical reconstructions use the available glacial geological and chronological evidence to estimate ice sheet extent and dynamics but lack direct consideration of ice physics. In contrast, numerically modelled simulations implement ice physics, but often lack direct quantitative comparison with empirical evidence. Despite being long identified as a fruitful scientific endeavour, few ice sheet reconstructions attempt to reconcile the empirical and modelâbased approaches. To achieve this goal, modelâdata comparison procedures are required. Here, we compare three numerically modelled simulations of the former BritishâIrish Ice Sheet with the following lines of evidence: (a) position and shape of former margin positions, recorded by moraines; (b) former iceâflow direction and flowâswitching, recorded by flowsets of subglacial bedforms; and (c) the timing of iceâfree conditions, recorded by geochronological data. These modelâdata comparisons provide a useful framework for quantifying the degree of fit between numerical model simulations and empirical constraints. Such tools are vital for reconciling numerical modelling and empirical evidence, the combination of which will lead to more robust palaeoâice sheet reconstructions with greater explicative and ultimately predictive power
Fate tracing reveals the endothelial origin of hematopoietic stem cells
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) originate within the aortic-gonado-mesonephros (AGM) region of the midgestation embryo, but the cell type responsible for their emergence is unknown since critical hematopoietic factors are expressed in both the AGM endothelium and its underlying mesenchyme. Here we employ a temporally restricted genetic tracing strategy to selectively label the endothelium, and separately its underlying mesenchyme, during AGM development. Lineage tracing endothelium, via an inducible VE-cadherin Cre line, reveals that the endothelium is capable of HSC emergence. The endothelial progeny migrate to the fetal liver, and later to the bone marrow, and are capable of expansion, self-renewal, and multilineage hematopoietic differentiation. HSC capacity is exclusively endothelial, as ex vivo analyses demonstrate lack of VE-cadherin Cre induction in circulating and fetal liver hematopoietic populations. Moreover, AGM mesenchyme, as selectively traced via a myocardin Cre line, is incapable of hematopoiesis. Our genetic tracing strategy therefore reveals an endothelial origin of HSCs