Perturbation des fonctions endocriniennes : causes et conséquences

International audienceCe chapitre présente des exemples de perturbations endocriniennes sur des organismes du milieu aquatique, vertébrés et invertébrés. Il propose un état de l'art des connaissances sur les mécanismes et marqueurs disponible

Perturbation des fonctions endocriniennes : causes et conséquences

International audienceCe chapitre présente des exemples de perturbations endocriniennes sur des organismes du milieu aquatique, vertébrés et invertébrés. Il propose un état de l'art des connaissances sur les mécanismes et marqueurs disponible

Introduction

National audienceDes molécules performantes; Les PCB, un problème de santé historique; Des molécules persistantes et néfastes; Les objectifs de l'ouvrage

Mise au point de tests physiologiques et ethologiques de toxicite des polluants metalliques

Comite: Milieux physiques - EauSIGLEAvailable from Centre de Documentation Scientifique et Technique, CNRS, 26 rue Boyer, 75971 Paris Cedex 20 (France) / INIST-CNRS - Institut de l'Information Scientifique et TechniqueFRFranc

Fish as Reference Species in Different Water Masses: chapter 13

International audienceAssessing water quality is an essential prerequisite for good water body management. In this respect, fish are excellent sentinel species and have proven their usefulness for more than a century. Although the initial use of fish was restricted to acute toxicity testing, recent developments of methodologies, equipment, techniques, and concepts have led to integrated studies that encompass molecular, physiological, and ecological knowledge and tools. Efforts have been made to link these different levels of organization, and the results largely contributed to our understanding of the mechanism of action of chemicals in a complex set of environmental stressors and conditions

A comparison of the ecophysiological response on copper in Baltic clams from different populations in Europe

Differences in performance and bioaccumulation of copper, metallothionein-like protein (MTLP) levels and resistance in Baltic clams, Macoma balthica, from Arctic, subarctic and temperate areas were determined during a stress period caused by starvation and exposure to copper. Although the conditions at the start were different, the losses of weight and mortality rates were in general comparable in clams from all areas. In contrast to expectation, the accumulation of copper in (sub)Arctic clams was much faster than in temperate specimens, whereas the level of MTLP in all populations hardly increased. Copper was primarily accumulated in insoluble form: MTLP has in clams no major role in copper sequestration. It is suggested that the differences in copper accumulation rates between populations might be related to genetic (racial) differentiation. [KEYWORDS: bioaccumulation; metal; copper; metallothionein; stress sensitivity; bivalve; Macoma balthica; Arctic bivalve macoma-balthica; metallothionein-like proteins; metal exposure; genetic adaptations; arctic populations; aquatic animals; southern limit; trace-metals; bioaccumulation; sensitivity]

Fish as Reference Species in Different Water Masses: chapter 13

International audienceAssessing water quality is an essential prerequisite for good water body management. In this respect, fish are excellent sentinel species and have proven their usefulness for more than a century. Although the initial use of fish was restricted to acute toxicity testing, recent developments of methodologies, equipment, techniques, and concepts have led to integrated studies that encompass molecular, physiological, and ecological knowledge and tools. Efforts have been made to link these different levels of organization, and the results largely contributed to our understanding of the mechanism of action of chemicals in a complex set of environmental stressors and conditions

Fish as Reference Species in Different Water Masses: chapter 13

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]QUASAREInternational audienceAssessing water quality is an essential prerequisite for good water body management. In this respect, fish are excellent sentinel species and have proven their usefulness for more than a century. Although the initial use of fish was restricted to acute toxicity testing, recent developments of methodologies, equipment, techniques, and concepts have led to integrated studies that encompass molecular, physiological, and ecological knowledge and tools. Efforts have been made to link these different levels of organization, and the results largely contributed to our understanding of the mechanism of action of chemicals in a complex set of environmental stressors and conditions

Les gammaridés en surveillance des eaux continentales

International audienceThis chapter illustrates how Gammarus can be used for assessing the impact of chemical stressors in freshwaters. Organism-level in situ tests can address some of the limitations of community-based biomonitoring methods, whether we understand the implications of changes in the biochemistry or physiology of an organism for the population and community to which it belongs. To this end, we must link effects at different levels of biological organization. We demonstrate how modeling is used to address some of the limitations of the in situ tests, namely: (1) the definition of reference values to address the influence of confounding factors and enable implementation at large spatial and temporal scales and (2) the use of population modeling to improve the ecological relevance of transplantation methodologies for water quality assessment. Finally, we report recent developments in the study of phylogenetic diversity within Gammarus and its implications for their use in assessing water quality